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Gunabhadra (394–468) (, zh, p=Qiúnàbátuóluó, w=Ch'iu-na-pa-t'o-lo, s=求那跋陀罗, t=求那跋陀羅) was a
monk A monk (; from , ''monachos'', "single, solitary" via Latin ) is a man who is a member of a religious order and lives in a monastery. A monk usually lives his life in prayer and contemplation. The concept is ancient and can be seen in many reli ...
and translator of
Mahayana Buddhism Mahāyāna ( ; , , ; ) is a term for a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, philosophies, and practices developed in ancient India ( onwards). It is considered one of the three main existing branches of Buddhism, the others being Thera ...
from Magadha,
Central India Central India refers to a geographical region of India that generally includes the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. The Central Zonal Council, established by the Government of India, includes these states as well as Uttar Prades ...
. His biography is contained in the work of a Chinese monk called
Sengyou Sengyou (; 445–518 AD) was a Buddhist monk and early medieval Chinese bibliographer and noted chiefly for being the author of ''Collected Records Concerning the Tripitaka'' (出三藏記集 '' Chu sanzang ji ji'', T 2145), which includes a cata ...
entitled ''Chu sanzang ji ji''.


Life

Gunabhadra was said to have originally been born into a
Brahman In Hinduism, ''Brahman'' (; IAST: ''Brahman'') connotes the highest universal principle, the ultimate reality of the universe.P. T. Raju (2006), ''Idealistic Thought of India'', Routledge, , page 426 and Conclusion chapter part XII In the ...
family but studied the ''Miśrakābhidharmahṛdaya'' under a Mahayana master which led to his conversion to Buddhism. He traveled to China by sea with Gunavarma in 435 after first visiting
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...
. They were both treated as honored guests by Emperor Wen of Liu Song, the ruler of
South China South China ( zh, s=, p=Huá'nán, j=jyut6 naam4) is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China. Its precise meaning varies with context. A notable feature of South China in comparison to the rest of China is ...
at the time. In China, he translated one of the key
Mahayana sutras The Mahayana sutras are Buddhist texts that are accepted as wikt:canon, canonical and authentic Buddhist texts, ''buddhavacana'' in Mahayana, Mahayana Buddhist sanghas. These include three types of sutras: Those spoken by the Buddha; those spoke ...
, the ''
Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra The ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'' (Sanskrit: लङ्कावतारसूत्रम्, "Discourse of the Descent into Laṅkā", , Chinese: 入楞伽經) is a prominent Mahayana Buddhist sūtra. It is also titled ''Laṅkāvatāraratnasūt ...
'', from
Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...
to Chinese, and Vekhanasa Sutra, which forms "a volume from the Issaikyō (a Buddhist corpus), commonly known as Jingo-ji kyō," as it was handed down at the Jingo-ji temple. Before translating the ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'', he translated another important sutra, the '' Saṃyuktāgama'' into Chinese. He continued to be active in other translations and preaching. His Chinese biography also details that he mastered the
Tripiṭaka There are several Buddhist canons, which refers to the various scriptural collections of Buddhist sacred scriptures or the various Buddhist scriptural canons.
.


Translations

CBETA lists the following sutra translations as Gunabhadra's: * Lalitavistara Sūtra, * Śuka Sūtra, * Vekhanassa Sūtra, * Saṃyuktāgama, * Aṅgulimālīka Sūtra, * The Birth of Four People in the World Sūtra, * Eleven Contemplations of Mindfulness of the Tathāgata Sūtra * Mahāmati Sūtra, * Sūtra on Past and Present causes and Effects * Mahābherīhāraka Sūtra * The Sūtra of the Bodhisattva's Practice of Skilful Means and Manifestation by Supernormal Powers amidst Sense Ranges * The Śrīmāla Sūtra * The Attainment of Birth in the Pure Land Dhāraṇī which Severs all Karmic Obstructions * The Mahāvaipulya Anakṣarakaraṇḍaka Sūtra * Mahākaśyapa Gives to his Mother Sautra * The Past Life of the Boy Candra Sūtra * The Jotiṣka Sūtra * The Mahallikā Paripṛcchā Sūtra * The Laṅkāvatara Sūtra * The Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra * A separate translation of Chapter 9 of the Saṃdhinirmocana * The retribution of Advantageous Rewards Sūtra * The Punishments and Rewards of Turning the Wheel of the Five Paths Sūtra * The Twelve Chapter Birth and Death Sūtra * The Four Chapter Dharma Study Sūtra * The Twelve Dhūta Practice Sūtra * The Anantamukhasādhakadhāraṇī Sūtra * The Abhidharmaprakaraṇapāda Śāstra * The Piṇḍolabharadhvaja Teaches the Dharma to the King of Udayana Sūtra


References


External links


Dunhuang Art - IntroductionZen Readings
* Saṃyuktāgama 394 births 468 deaths 4th-century Buddhist monks 5th-century Buddhist monks Indian Buddhist monks Buddhist translators Indian Buddhist missionaries {{India-reli-bio-stub