Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz (27 April 1909 – 4 November 1971) was a Colombian politician, lawyer and diplomat who served as the 21st President of Colombia from 1962 to 1966.

Personal life

Valencia was born in Popayán, Cauca on April 27, 1909, to Colombian poet and politician Guillermo Valencia, and his wife Josefina Muñoz. He attended highschool at the Colegio Champagnat in

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and graduated in December 1946. On January 31, 1931 he married Susana López Navia, a 20-year-old secretary with whom he had four children: Pedro Felipe, Alma, Ignacio, and Diana.

Political career

Valencia was elected to the city council of Popayán and the Assembly of Cauca. Later he was also elected to the City Council of

and worked as diplomat for Colombia to the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

and was appointed Colombia's Ambassador to

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by President Laureano Gómez Castro. In 1949 he was appointed by President Mariano Ospina Pérez as Colombian Minister of Foreign Affairs but declined the offer. However, four years later Valencia did accept the position and became Minister of Foreign Affairs on May 25, 1953, a post he held for the remainder of the administration of Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez until General Rojas Pinilla took over. During the transitional government of the

Military Junta A military junta () is a system of government led by a committee of military leaders. The term ''Junta (governing body), junta'' means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the Junta (Peninsular War), national and local junta organized by t ...

that took power after the coup d'état that deposed General

Gustavo Rojas Pinilla Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (12 March 1900 – 17 January 1975) was a Colombian National Army of Colombia, army general, civil engineer and politician who ruled as List of presidents of Colombia, 19th President of Colombia in a military dictatorship f ...

, Valencia was under consideration to succeed the Junta. However, the political accord between the political forces of the time (in pursuit of a transition from a dictatorship to a democratic process), specified that a member of the

Colombian Liberal Party The Colombian Liberal Party (; PLC) is a centre to centre-left political party in Colombia. It was founded as a classical liberal party but later developed a more social-democratic tradition, joining the Socialist International in 1999. Th ...

succeed the Junta Militar. Consequently, Valencia had to wait until the following election. Valencia was nominated by the

Colombian Conservative Party The Colombian Conservative Party () is a conservative political party in Colombia. The party was formally established in 1849 by Mariano Ospina Rodríguez and José Eusebio Caro. The Conservative Party along with the Colombian Liberal Party ...

as their candidate for the 1962 Colombian presidential election, facing the liberal Alfonso López Michelsen. Valencia won: 1,636,081 votes to 625,630.

Presidency

Valencia committed his administration to substantial economic and social reforms. On the economic front, he created the Junta Monetaria (Federal Reserve), doubled the production of electric power and promoted both oil drilling and the export of crude oil. In matters of social reform, his administration increased the national budget for education by 20%, and under the auspices of the government of the

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, launched the construction of Ciudad Kennedy, a project of 200,000 affordable homes for lower income citizens. Valencia crushed several strikes. During his presidency, there was an industrial recession, inflation and rising unemployment. Valencia's administration faced three major political challenges. The first was from the Alianza Nacional Popular (ANAPO), led by former president Rojas Pinilla, which became the main rival to the coalition led by Valencia. The second was from guerilla groups in rural areas. The third was from dissident elements in the military.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valencia, Guillermo León 1909 births 1971 deaths Guillermo Leon Politicians from Cauca 20th-century Colombian politicians 20th-century Colombian lawyers Colombian Conservative Party politicians Members of the Senate of Colombia Ambassadors of Colombia to Spain Ministers of foreign affairs of Colombia Presidents of Colombia People from Cauca Department