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Guaíba is a city located in the Metropolitan Porto Alegre of
Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, ; , ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian Federative units of Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of roughly 1.4 million inhabitants (2022) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, 11th-most p ...
, in the
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
ian state of
Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, ; ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative units of Brazil#List, fifth-most populous state and the List of Brazilian s ...
. The city is on the shores of the Guaíba Lake.


History

In the current territory of the municipality of Guaíba there have been
archeological Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology ...
discoveries of elements representing Guaraní culture, the oldest found in the region. These indigenous settlements would have been settled between 10000 and 6000 BCE (Laroque 2002). There is conclusive evidence of multiple conflicts between the indigenous peoples of the area and the colonial-era Portuguese on the land where Guaíba currently stands, with the indigenous incurring substantial losses while trying to defend their land. The border disputes in between the Spanish and Portugueses thrones also involved the strategic land on which Guaíba now sits. The Portuguese had used a system of quickly distributing land to new settlers called the sesmaria in what was considered contested territory, but the new beneficiaries of this system helped Portugal consolidate their rule over what is now
Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, ; ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative units of Brazil#List, fifth-most populous state and the List of Brazilian s ...
.


Sesmaria

After a 1776 victory over Spain, Portugal gained control over a wide area of land definitively, and sesmarias were distributed in the region where Guaíba is today. Antônio Ferreira Leitão officially acquired the lands of modern-day Guaíba in 1793. His daughter married José Gomes de Vasconcelos Jardim, who was Vice-President of the briefly independent Riograndense Republic. One generation later, during the Farroupilha Rebellion launched by the people of Rio Grande do Sul against the Brazilian Empire, revolutionary forces to plan their attack the night before they were to take over
Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, ; , ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian Federative units of Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of roughly 1.4 million inhabitants (2022) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, 11th-most p ...
on 19 September 1835. People involved in the traditionalist gaúcho (Rio Grande do Sul) movement in the 1960s named Guaíba the "cradle of the
Ragamuffin War The Ragamuffin War, also known as the Ragamuffin Revolution or Heroic Decade, was a republican uprising that began in southern Brazil, in the province (current state) of Rio Grande do Sul in 1835. The rebels were led by Generals Bento Gonçalv ...
" (in Portuguese, ''Revolução Farroupilha'').


Pedras Brancas

Evidence indicates that the village of Pedras Brancas began in the second half of the 19th century, since the area was a necessary stopping point from inland Rio Grande do Sul and the capital. Meat processing facilities grew and the settlement involved
slaves Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavemen ...
, peons and
cattle ranch A ranch (from /Mexican Spanish) is an area of landscape, land, including various structures, given primarily to ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle and sheep. It is a subtype of farm. These terms are most often ap ...
ers. The lands of modern-day Guaíba were a necessary transit point for people from the South or West of the state heading to
Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, ; , ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian Federative units of Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of roughly 1.4 million inhabitants (2022) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, 11th-most p ...
. To cross the Guaíba lake to Porto Alegre, one had to travel by boat. Indigenous boats had been doing the crossing for generations but by the late 19th century
steamboats A steamboat is a boat that is marine propulsion, propelled primarily by marine steam engine, steam power, typically driving propellers or Paddle steamer, paddlewheels. The term ''steamboat'' is used to refer to small steam-powered vessels worki ...
had become the most common vehicle used to cross. The name Pedras Brancas (White Stones in English) is linked to the rock formations of the region which formed approximately 600 million years ago that include some of the oldest types of stones on the planet, including monolithic
granite Granite ( ) is a coarse-grained (phanerite, phaneritic) intrusive rock, intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly coo ...
blocks. This type of rock is shown in the shield of the Riograndense Republic.


Beginning of urbanization

According to the writer Fernando Worm, the Church of Nossa Senhora do Livramento was founded by imperial decree by Emperor
Dom Pedro II ''Don (honorific), Dom'' PedroII (Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga; 2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed the Magnanimous (), was the List o ...
on 17 February 1857. The land for the church was donated by Isabel Leonor, daughter of Antônio Ferreira Leitão and wife of José Gomes Jardim, as part of a promise she had made to Mary in order that her and her child's lives would be protected. At this time, the chapel of the Pedras Brancas District was elevated to
Freguesia (), usually translated as "parish" or "civil parish", is the third-level administrative subdivision of Portugal, as defined by the 1976 Constitution. It is also the designation for local government jurisdictions in the former Portuguese over ...
status, marking the settlement's transition into being a town. In 1860, there was the first demarcations of property lines and attributions of street names, marking the beginning of
urbanization Urbanization (or urbanisation in British English) is the population shift from Rural area, rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. ...
. In Rio Grande do Sul, the flow of
immigrants Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents. Commuters, tourists, and other short- ...
restarted after the end of the 1845 Farroupilha War. Groups of Polish, Italian and German colonizers arrived to what was then called Serra do Herval, and a distribution of lots in 1888 involved over 200 parcels of land. Later, the town was called Vila Bela, then Serro Negro, and finally Mariana Pimentel. The colony of Sertão Santana was created by an initiative of immigrants of primarily German heritage, who dedicated themselves to
small-scale agriculture A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technolo ...
of products such as sweet potato, tobacco, rice, corn, and limited animal husbandry. In 1926, the collection of towns and colonies including those mentioned were administratively broken off from being part of the 9th, 10th, and 11th districts of Porto Alegre (Pedras Brancas, Barra do Ribeiro and Mariana Pimentel) and made into the Municipality of Guaíba, named after the body of water which separates it from Porto Alegre.


Geography

Guaíba is located on the west side of the Guaíba, a lake which receives five rivers and carries them towards the Atlantic Ocean via the Lagoa dos Patos. It is also at the crossroad of two federal highways that link Brazil with Argentina and Uruguay, putting it at advantage for investments that seek to target the market of these Mercosul nations. The city is less than thirty minutes from Salgado Filho International Airport, which allows quick access for interests of
agribusiness Agribusiness is the industry, enterprises, and the field of study of value chains in agriculture and in the bio-economy, in which case it is also called bio-business or bio-enterprise. The primary goal of agribusiness is to maximize profit ...
, industry, tourism and commerce. The territory of Guaíba is mostly flat and close to the lake, but there are a few noteworthy hills. The climate of Guaíba is
subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...
, given that the city is located south of the
Tropic of Capricorn The Tropic of Capricorn (or the Southern Tropic) is the circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point at the December (or southern) solstice. It is thus the southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead. It also reach ...
. However, the seasons are strongly distinguished, with a remarkable heat in the summer and fairly moderate winters. Approximately 1400 mm of precipitation falls annually, although in the summer the Guaíba lake often ends up receding below normal levels.


Economy

There are a number of large industrial companies with a presence in Guaíba, such as Celulose Riograndense, Sulfato Rio Grande, Santher,
ThyssenKrupp ThyssenKrupp AG (, ; stylized as thyssenkrupp) is a German industrial engineering and steel production multinational conglomerate. It resulted from the 1999 merger of Thyssen AG and Krupp and has its operational headquarters in Duisburg and E ...
among others as well as a
Toyota is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manuf ...
distribution center. Much of the commerce is centered on São José Street, in terms of consumer goods such as home appliances, electronics and furniture.


Health

There are two medical clinics in the center of the municipality that deal with issues of both basic and specialized care, and there are seven basic clinics in peripheral regions of Guaíba, all maintained as part of the public health care system. The Municipal Secretary of Health is also a participant in programs to reduce
infant mortality Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday. The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age ...
(Guaíba Abaça a Família), to lower rates of
hypertension Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a Chronic condition, long-term Disease, medical condition in which the blood pressure in the artery, arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms i ...
and
diabetes Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough of the hormone insulin, or the cells of th ...
, and to deliver specialized treatments to patients with STIs or
AIDS The HIV, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system. Without treatment, it can lead to a spectrum of conditions including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is a Preventive healthcare, pr ...
, among others.


Tourism

There are various places worth visiting in Guaíba. The old cinema has closed, but in its place there is the Carlos Nobre Museum. Various events occur year-round in the city center's Praça da Bandeira. There is currently a garden walk drawn up by the local tourism board of places to see in the city. One of the more popular things to do, particularly on the weekend, is to walk along the shores of the Guaíba Lake, where one can see people of every background walking about.


Population


By year


By Age


See also

*
List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), located in the South Region of Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul is divided into 497 municipalities, which are grouped into 35 microregions, which are grouped into 7 mesoregio ...


Sources

* Revista Rio Grande Cultura. Porto Alegre, março/abril/97 Ano IX-23,FEPLAM,p. 21 * Jornal Correio do Povo – Ano 1926 * Arquivo do Museu Carlos Nobre * SANT'ANA, Carlos Affonso. Abrindo Baús: Gente e Crônicas da Terra Guaibense.1997.150p * ZIULKOSKI, Carlos . Aspectos Históricos de Mariana Pimentel - 1991 * WORM, Fernando. Guaíba Terra e Povo. Livrarias Globo, Porto Alegre, 1974.121p. * LAROQUE, Luís Fernando da Silva. Guaíba no Contexto Histórico – Arqueológico do Rio Grande do Sul. Guaíba.Ed. do Autor, 2002.192p. * LUTZNBERGER, José. A Paisagem ao Redor de Porto Alegre. 1982. * VELLINHO, Moysés. Capitania d'El Rei. Aspectos Polêmicos da Formação Riograndense. 2ª Ed.Editora Globo, Porto Alegre, 1970,241p. * RODRIGUES, Valdivino. Uma Imigração Suíço – Valesana em Guaíba. 2004.


References


External links


Site of the Municipality of Guaíba

City Council of Guaíba

Guaíba in WikiMapia


{{DEFAULTSORT:Guaiba Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul