Guajará-Mirim State Park
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The Guajará-Mirim State Park () is a
state park State parks are parks or other protected areas managed at the sub-national level within those nations which use "Federated state, state" as a political subdivision. State parks are typically established by a state to preserve a location on accou ...
in the state of
Rondônia Rondônia () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre (state), Acre in the west, Amazonas, Brazil, Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bo ...
, Brazil. It protects an area of savanna forest and transition into rainforest. It is in an area where there is great pressure from loggers and ranchers. A road was illegally cut through the park, apparently by loggers supported by local politicians. This received federal approval after the fact, since it provides access to areas otherwise cut off by flooding of the
Madeira River The Madeira River ( ) is a major waterway in South America. It is estimated to be in length, while the Madeira-Mamoré is estimated near or in length depending on the measuring party and their methods. The Madeira is the biggest tributary of ...
.


Location

The Guajará-Mirim State Park is divided between the Rondônia municipalities of
Nova Mamoré Nova Mamoré is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. In 2020, the population of Nova Mamoré was 31,392. Its area is 10,072 km². Economy The economy of Nova Mamoré is based on mainly agriculture and wood. Its main agr ...
(97.67%) and
Guajará-Mirim Guajará-Mirim is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. It is located at an altitude of 128 meters. Its population was 46,556 (2020) and its area is 24,856 km². Geography Location Guajará-Mirim lies along the Mamoré River, ...
(2.33%). It has an area of . The BR-421 Federal highway forms part of the northern boundary of the park. To the southwest it adjoins the Rio Ouro Preto Extractive Reserve. To the east it adjoins the
Pacaás Novos National Park Pacaás Novos National Park () is a National park (Brazil), national park in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. The park contains a mountain range by the same name. Location The park is in the Amazon biome. It covers an area of . It was establis ...
. There are two support bases on the banks of the Formoso River that are used by researchers and inspection teams. A road crosses the park and areas along the Corrente stream have been deforested, but there are no inhabitants. The conservation unit is supported by the
Amazon Region Protected Areas Program The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA; ) is a joint initiative sponsored by government and non-government agencies to expand protection of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Foundation The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) orig ...
. Although much of the park is protected, the surrounding areas of Campo Novo de Rondônia and Buritis are under great pressure.


Environment

The park covers parts of the Guaporé plateau and the southern Amazon depression, with altitudes of . The park holds tributaries of the Jaci Paraná River basin. Soils include red-yellow
podzol Podzols, also known as podosols, spodosols, or espodossolos, are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests and also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia. In Western Europe, podzols develop on heathlan ...
s, rocky outcrops, lithic soils and quartz sands. Vegetation is 60% savanna and 12% savanna-rainforest contact. There are estimated to be about 500 species of birds, including some that are threatened elsewhere by hunting. Between 40 and 50 species of amphibians have been recorded, similar to other Amazon regions.


History

The Guajará-Mirim State Park was created by decree 4.575 of 23 March 1990 with an area of about under the administration of the Instituto Estadual de Florestas of Rondônia. The limits were revised by law 700 of 27 December 1996, with the area reduced to . Clear land titles had been proved for the that was lost. The limits were again revised by law 1.146 of 12 December 2002, with the area expanded to . The 2002 law excluded of the northern tip of the park to make way for the federal highway BR-421, which had been opened illegally by ranchers and loggers, but compensated by adding in the southeast of the park. A federal injunction in August 2004 required that the responsible agencies prevent acts of
environmental degradation Environment most often refers to: __NOTOC__ * Natural environment, referring respectively to all living and non-living things occurring naturally and the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism ...
in the park. Despite this, an irregular opening of a road from BR-421 was allowed to split the park from east to west and thus segmented the Guaporé-Mamoré ecological corridor. The road was built beside the park headquarters, where the State Environmental Development Secretariat (SEDAM) personnel are installed. Apparently it was funded by loggers supported by senior state politicians. The bridges of that section of BR-421 were built from ''castanheira'' wood, and a report from the
Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources The Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources ( Portuguese: ''Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis'', IBAMA) is a government agency under the administration of the Brazilian Minis ...
showed that wood had been stolen along the route. The two cities of Guajará-Mirim and Nova Mamoré were isolated in February 2014 because the BR-425 highway had been flooded by the Igarapé das Araras, a tributary of the Madeira River. President
Dilma Rousseff Dilma Vana Rousseff (; born 14 December 1947) is a Brazilian economist and politician who served as the 36th president of Brazil from 2011 until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016. She is the only woman to have held the ...
visited the state and supported work to open the road through the park. The road was opened in April 2014 after receiving authorisation from the federal court. The road connecting the municipalities of Buritis and Campo Novo to Nova Mamoré and Guajará-Mirim cut off the northern 10% of the park. Control points were established at the two road entrances, and vehicle traffic between 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m was prohibited, mainly to protect animals crossing the road at night. In August 2014 it was reported that the Associação de Defesa Etnoambiental Kanindé was to implement a management plan. The Kanindé environmentalist Ivaneide Bandeira noted that the opening of the park road had increased pressure on the park and had been used to transport stolen cars. The plan was to be prepared by involved people, including the environmentalists, park management and local residents. After defining the process, Kanindé would start a full survey of the park's fauna and flora, physical characteristics, socioeconomic factors and so on. In May 2015 deputy Lazinho da Fetagro spoke in the state assembly against the invasion of the state park. He called on the state government and SEDAM to stop the invasion, which was not by landless workers. He said tracks had already been made into the forest and it was clear that logging would soon begin. In January 2016 SEDAM and Kanindé reviewed the protection plan that had been in place since the park was created.


Notes


Sources

* * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Guajara-Mirim State Park State parks of Brazil Protected areas of Rondônia Protected areas established in 1990 1990 establishments in Brazil