Grünheide (Mark) is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the Oder-Spree District, in

Brandenburg Brandenburg, officially the State of Brandenburg, is a States of Germany, state in northeastern Germany. Brandenburg borders Poland and the states of Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony. It is the List of Ger ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. It is situated 30 kilometres south-east of

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

city centre, on the River Löcknitz. In 2020

Tesla, Inc. Tesla, Inc. ( or ) is an American multinational automotive and clean energy company. Headquartered in Austin, Texas, it designs, manufactures and sells battery electric vehicles (BEVs), stationary battery energy storage devices from h ...

began to build

Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg (also known as Giga Berlin or Gigafactory 4) is a manufacturing plant for Tesla, Inc. in the municipality of Grünheide (Mark) in Brandenburg, Germany. The campus is located southeast of central Berlin and some ...

in Grünheide near the

Autobahn The (; German , ) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. The official term is (abbreviated ''BAB''), which translates as 'federal motorway'. The literal meaning of the word is 'Federal Auto(mobile) Track'. Much of t ...

A10.Baustart für Tesla-Werk – ohne Elon Musk und ohne Baugenehmigung
B.Z. 6.8.2020

Etymology

The name "Grünheide" is a compound of ''grün'' (green) and ''Heide'' (

heath A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and is characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a coole ...

). ''Mark'' means

march March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 2 ...

(see March of Brandenburg). The ''Mark'' suffix is added to distinguish Grünheide (Mark) from Grünheide ( Dettmannsdorf), Grünheide (

Oberuckersee Oberuckersee is a Municipalities of Germany, municipality in the Uckermark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. Demography References

Localities in Uckermark (district) {{Brandenburg-geo-stub ...

) and Grünheide ( Auerbach/Vogtl.).

History

The Grünheider area was a settlement area of Germanic tribes early on. Until the Reformation, all districts (except Hangelsberg) of today's community of Grünheide belonged to the Rüdersdorfer property of the

Zinna Abbey Zinna Abbey () is a former Cistercians, Cistercian monastery, the site of which is now occupied by a village also called Kloster Zinna, today part of Jüterbog in Brandenburg, Germany, about south of Berlin. The village was established by Freder ...

. This property was administered from for a long time. The term "Green Heyde" was first used by

Prince-elector The prince-electors ( pl. , , ) were the members of the Electoral College of the Holy Roman Empire, which elected the Holy Roman Emperor. Usually, half of the electors were archbishops. From the 13th century onwards, a small group of prince- ...

Joachim II, who in 1543 granted his brother

Margrave Margrave was originally the Middle Ages, medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or a monarchy, kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain Feudal ...

Johann von Brandenburg-Küstrin hunting lodge on an island in the and rights to hunt. The

Thirty Years War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine, or disease, whil ...

completely depopulated the area. It was not until 1662 that Friedrich Wilhelm, the Great Elector, approved the settlement of a sawmill. Therefore, 1662 is considered to be the founding year of Grünheide, although Klein Wall appears in the Rüdersdorfer church book as early as 1642. Since 1933, a fieldstone monument below the church commemorates the founder of the place, Elector Joachim II. Between 1748 and 1763 King Friedrich II settled numerous small farmers and woodcutters in so-called colonies. The making of the Löcknitz navigable in 1875 and the connection to the railway network via the nearby station Fangschleuse helped Grünheide to an upswing. Numerous wealthy Berlin citizens built large summer houses on the banks of Peetzsee and Werlsee. Among others

Gerhart Hauptmann Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (; 15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of Naturalism (literature), literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into h ...

Bertolt Brecht Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 – 14 August 1956), known as Bertolt Brecht and Bert Brecht, was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet. Coming of age during the Weimar Republic, he had his first successes as a p ...

Wilhelm Bölsche Wilhelm Bölsche (2 January 1861 – 31 August 1939) was a German author, editor and publicist. He was among the early promoters of nature conservation and committed to popularizing science. Life Bölsche was born in Cologne on 2 January 1861 ...

and Ernst Rowohlt spent the summer months in and near Grünheide. Initially, Grünheide belonged to the III. Heath district of the Rüdersdorfer forest district. From 1889 the place was called Werlsee municipality, which was renamed Grünheide (Mark) on 16 July 1934. In Grünheide the company vacation camp " Alexander Matrossow" was built by the VEB IFA-Automobilwerke Ludwigsfelde and after 1990 as' 'Children's and youth recreation Störitzland' continued. There was also a holiday camp in Altbuchhorst, which was operated by the GDR printing and publishing industry.

Geography

Grünheide lies in the northwest of the Oder-Spree District (German: ''Landkreis Oder-Spree'',

Lower Sorbian Lower may refer to: * ''Lower'' (album), 2025 album by Benjamin Booker *Lower (surname) *Lower Township, New Jersey *Lower Receiver (firearms) *Lower Wick Lower Wick is a small hamlet located in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is sit ...

: ''Wokrejs Odra-Sprjewja''; seat:

Beeskow Beeskow (; , ;) is a town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany, and capital of the Oder-Spree district. It is situated on the river Spree (river), Spree, 30 km southwest of Frankfurt an der Oder. History In 1518 the town was purchased by the Di ...

(Lower Sorbian: ''Bezkow'')), directly bordering the Märkisch-Oderland District (seat: Seelow) to the north. Grünheide is clockwise surrounded by the municipalities of Rehfelde,

Müncheberg Müncheberg is a small town in Märkisch-Oderland, in eastern Germany approximately halfway between Berlin and the border with Poland, within the historic region of Lubusz Land. Geography Prior to 2003 the area today covered by Müncheberg was or ...

, Steinhöfel, Fürstenwalde/Spree,

Spreenhagen Spreenhagen () is a Municipalities of Germany, municipality in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany. History From 1815 to 1947, Spreenhagen was part of the Prussia, Prussian Province of Brandenburg, from 1947 to 1952 of the State of Br ...

, Gosen-Neu Zittau, Erkner, Woltersdorf (bei Berlin), and Rüdersdorf bei Berlin. Woltersdorf (bei Berlin), Erkner and Gosen-Neu Zittau directly border the southeasternmost localities of

: Rahnsdorf, Müggelheim and Schmöckwitz, all of them belonging to the borough of

Treptow-Köpenick Treptow-Köpenick () is the ninth Boroughs of Berlin, borough of Berlin, Germany, formed in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform by merging the former boroughs of Treptow and Köpenick. The borough was formerly part of East Berlin. Overview Among ...

(see

boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin Berlin is divided into boroughs or administrative districts (). In Berlin, the term is officially shortened to (districts). The boroughs are further divided into quarters (). These smaller localities are officially recognised, but have no admini ...

Division of the town

Grünheide consists of the following districts: * Grünheide (Mark) with the villages Grünheide, Alt Buchhorst, Bergluch, Gottesbrück and Fangschleuse * Hangelsberg * Kagel * Kienbaum * Mönchwinkel * Spreeau

Demography

File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Grünheide.pdf, Population change comparison: Grünheide (Mark) versus Brandenburg state (1875–present)]. The development of the Grünheide (Mark) population since 1875 within the current boundaries (blue line) and its comparison to the population development of Brandenburg state (dotted line). Also illustrated is the population during the time of Nazi rule (grey background) and during the time of Communist rule (red background). File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Grünheide.pdf, Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the

Census in Germany A national census in Germany (, ) was held every five years from 1875 to 1910. After the World Wars, only a few full population censuses have been held, the last in 1987. The most recent census, though not a national census, was the 2011 Europea ...

in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line); for 2020-2030 (green line)

Economy and infrastructure

Business

Tesla

is located in Grünheide.

Transport

*Fangschleuse train station *

A10 *

Berlin Brandenburg Airport Berlin Brandenburg Airport () () is an international airport in Schönefeld, just south of the Germany, German capital and state of Berlin, in the state of Brandenburg. Named after the former Mayor of West Berlin, West Berlin mayor and Chance ...

is located near Grünheide

Personalities

* Curt Herrmann (1854-1929),

Impressionist Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...

, lived in the mansion with a tower in the village part of the Hangelsberg from the year 1750. *

Fritz Rasp Fritz Heinrich Rasp (13 May 1891 – 30 November 1976) was a German film actor who appeared in more than 100 films between 1916 and 1976. His obituary in ''Der Spiegel'' described Rasp as "the German film villain in service, for over 60 years." ...

(1891-1976), actor, lived during his time in Berlin in his own house in what is today's Mönchwinkel. * Robert Havemann (1910-1982), chemist, communist, a resistance fighter against the National Socialism and Critical Critic in the GDR. Havemann lived in his house in today's district of Grünheide from 1976 to 1979 because of his criticism of the SED

References

External links

Official website

Tourism in Grünheide
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grunheide Localities in Oder-Spree