''Gryllus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of field cricket (

Orthoptera Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – gras ...

Gryllidae The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (''e.g ...

, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

is ''

Gryllus campestris ''Gryllus campestris'', the European field cricket or simply the field cricket in the British Isles, is the type species of Grylloidea, crickets in its genus and tribe Gryllini. These flightless dark colored insects are comparatively large; t ...

'' L.: the European field cricket.

History

Until the mid-1950s, native field crickets in eastern North America were all assigned to a single species, ''Acheta assimilis''. Although regional variation in calling song and life history were noted,Rehn, J.A.G., and Hebard, M. (1915). The genus ''Gryllus'' (Orthoptera) as found in America. ''Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.'' 67:292-322.Fulton, B. B. 1952. Speciation in the field cricket. Evolution 6, 283-295. no morphological characters could be found to reliably distinguish these variants.Alexander, R.D. (1957). The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). ''Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.'' 50:584-602. Building upon the pioneering work of Fulton, Alexander used male calling song, life history and crosses between putative species to revise the taxonomy of gryllines in the eastern United States, and recognized five species, although at the time they were still classified in the genus ''Acheta''.

Description

Species in this genus often look similar to species from other genera. They can often only be distinguished by the male genitalia. The epithallus typically consists of three lobes, the middle one being longer and more slender than the rest, in American and European species. African species, however, show more variability, making it more difficult to assign species to a genus with the same degree of certainty as there is more overlap with closely related genera.

Distribution

''Gryllus'' is one of the most widespread cricket genera. It is found in

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...

and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

and

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

Species

The genus contains the following species as of March 2023: *'' Gryllus abditus'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus abingdoni'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus abnormis'' Chopard, 1970 *'' Gryllus alogus'' Rehn, 1902 – damp-loving field cricket *'' Gryllus amarensis'' (Chopard, 1921) *'' Gryllus ambulator'' Saussure, 1877 *'' Gryllus argenteus'' (Chopard, 1954) *'' Gryllus argentinus'' Saussure, 1874 *'' Gryllus armatus'' Scudder, 1902 *'' Gryllus assimilis'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Jamaican field cricket *''

Gryllus ater ''Miogryllus convolutus'' is a species of cricket (insect), cricket from South America. Description ''Miogryllus convolutus'' exists in a number of forms. Most strikingly, there are micropterous (small-winged) and macropterous (large-winged) for ...

'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus barretti'' Rehn, 1901 *'' Gryllus bellicosus'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *'' Gryllus bicolor'' Saussure, 1874 *'' Gryllus bimaculatus'' De Geer, 1773 *'' Gryllus braueri'' (Karny, 1910) *''

Gryllus brevecaudatus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Chopard, 1961) – short-tailed field cricket *'' Gryllus brevicaudus'' Weissman, Rentz, Alexander & Loher, 1980 *'' Gryllus bryanti'' Morse, 1905 *''

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

, 1758 *'' Gryllus capitatus'' Saussure, 1874 *'' Gryllus carvalhoi'' (Chopard, 1961) *'' Gryllus cayensis'' Walker, 2001 – Keys wood cricket *'' Gryllus chaldeus'' (Uvarov, 1922) *'' Gryllus chappuisi'' (Chopard, 1938) *'' Gryllus chichimecus'' Saussure, 1897 *'' Gryllus cohni'' Weissman, Rentz, Alexander & Loher 1980 *'' Gryllus comptus'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus conradti'' (Bolivar, 1910) *'' Gryllus darwini'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus debilis'' Walker, 1871 *'' Gryllus firmus'' Scudder, 1902 – sand field cricket *'' Gryllus fultoni'' (Alexander, 1957) – southern wood cricket *'' Gryllus fulvipennis'' Blanchard, 1854 *'' Gryllus galapageius'' Scudder, 1893 *'' Gryllus genovesa'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus insularis'' Scudder, 1876 *'' Gryllus integer'' Scudder, 1901 – western trilling cricket *'' Gryllus isabella'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus jallae'' Giglio-Tos, 1907 *'' Gryllus kapushi'' Otte, 1987 *'' Gryllus krugeri'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *'' Gryllus lineaticeps'' Stål, 1861 – variable field cricket *'' Gryllus luctuosus'' (Bolivar, 1910) *'' Gryllus madagascarensis'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus marchena'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus maunus'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *'' Gryllus maximus'' (Uvarov, 1952) *'' Gryllus meruensis'' Sjöstedt, 1909 *'' Gryllus miopteryx'' Saussure, 1877 *'' Gryllus multipulsator'' Weissman, 2009Long-chirp field cricket
Singing Insects of North America (SINA) – Long-chirp Field Cricket *'' Gryllus mzimba'' Otte, 1987 *'' Gryllus namibius'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *'' Gryllus nigrohirsutus'' Alexander, 1991 *'' Gryllus nyasa'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *'' Gryllus opacus'' Chopard, 1927 *'' Gryllus ovisopis'' Walker, 1974 – taciturn wood cricket *'' Gryllus parilis'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus pennsylvanicus'' Burmeister, 1838 – fall field cricket *'' Gryllus personatus'' Uhler, 1864 – Badlands cricket *'' Gryllus peruviensis'' Saussure, 1874 *'' Gryllus pinta'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus quadrimaculatus'' Saussure, 1877 *'' Gryllus rhinoceros'' Gorochov, 2001 *'' Gryllus rixator'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *'' Gryllus rubens'' Scudder, 1902 – eastern trilling cricket *'' Gryllus scudderianus'' Saussure, 1874 *'' Gryllus signatus'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus spinulosus'' Johannson, 1763 *'' Gryllus subpubescens'' (Chopard, 1934) *'' Gryllus texensis'' Cade & Otte, 2000 – Texas trilling cricket *'' Gryllus urfaensis'' Gumussuyu, 1978 *'' Gryllus veletis'' (Alexander & Bigelow, 1960) – spring field cricket *'' Gryllus vernalis'' Blatchley, 1920 – northern wood cricket *'' Gryllus vicarius'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus vocalis'' Scudder, 1901 – vocal field cricket *'' Gryllus zaisi'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *'' Gryllus zambezi'' (Saussure, 1877)

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Orthoptera genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Orthoptera of Asia Orthoptera of Africa Orthoptera of Europe Orthoptera of North America Orthoptera of South America