The Groote Kerk (

Afrikaans Afrikaans is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and to a lesser extent Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and also Argentina where there is a group in Sarmiento, Chubut, Sarmiento that speaks the Pat ...

and Dutch for "Great Church") is a Dutch Reformed church in

Cape Town Cape Town is the legislature, legislative capital city, capital of South Africa. It is the country's oldest city and the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. Cape Town is the country's List of municipalities in South Africa, second-largest ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

. The church is South Africa's oldest place of Christian worship. The first church on this land was built in 1678. Willem Adriaan van der Stel laid the cornerstone for the church. It was replaced by the present building in 1841 built by Herman Schuette and the original tower was retained. The pulpit is the work of Anton Anreith and the carpenter Jacob Graaff, and was inaugurated on 29 November 1789. The Groote Kerk lays claim to housing South Africa's largest church organ, which was installed in 1954

Background

At first the colonists, landing beginning in 1652 at the

Cape of Good Hope The Cape of Good Hope ( ) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A List of common misconceptions#Geography, common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Afri ...

, relied on a lay preacher (''sieketrooster'', Dutch for "comforter of the ill") named Willem Wylant. He regularly preached in the

Fort A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from La ...

, taught children, and evangelized to natives. The first communion was held on 12 May 1652 by a visiting pastor, the Rev. Johannes Backerus, while the first baptism was held on 24 August 1653. Other ''sieketroosters'' who served the community were Pieter van der Stael, Ernestus Back, and Jan Joris Graaf.

Early pastors

The small congregation longed for its own preacher, until the Lord's Seventeen of the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( ; VOC ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered company, chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States Ge ...

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...

decided to send the first full-time pastor to the Cape. He was Joan van Arckel, who landed at

Table Bay Table Bay (Afrikaans: ''Tafelbaai'') is a natural bay on the Atlantic Ocean overlooked by Cape Town and is at the northern end of the Cape Peninsula, which stretches south to the Cape of Good Hope. It was named because it is dominated by the fl ...

on 18 August 1665. During his tenure, he used a wooden church that was supplied in December of that same year with a stone gable and floor. In 1672, services began to be held in "De Kat" (Dutch for "The Cat"), a section of the Castle of Good Hope, since the foundations of the first church building would not be laid until 1678. On 6 January 1704 the first stone church opened with a service by the Rev. Petrus Kalden. Construction cost £2,200. The first

Afrikaner Afrikaners () are a Southern African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers who first arrived at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652.Entry: Cape Colony. ''Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: Brain to Casting''. Encyclopæd ...

(i.e. local-born) pastor of the congregation was the Rev. Petrus van der Spuy (1746-1752). During the tenure of the Rev. Johannes Petrus Serrurier (1760-1802), the 1704 church was slated for expansion. This was completed at a cost of 4,000 and opened in 1781. The current pulpit, made from the best Indian wood at the cost of £708 by the sculptor Anton Anreith, was unveiled in November 1789. Later, the building was damaged, and the current Groote Kerk was opened in 1841. One of the most famous pastors in the congregation's history was the Rev.

Abraham Faure Abraham Faure (29 August 1795 – 28 March 1875) was a clergyman and author from Cape Colony, part of what later became South Africa. Church career Born in Stellenbosch, Faure was educated in both England and the Netherlands and, with ...

, who served the congregation from 1822 to 1867. He showed particular interest in education, and his efforts were instrumental to founding the first local Sunday school in 1844. Another famous 19th-century pastor was Dr. William Robertson, who came here from

Swellendam Swellendam () is the third oldest town in South Africa (after Cape Town and Stellenbosch), a town with 17,537 inhabitants situated in the Western Cape province. The town has over 50 provincial heritage sites, most of them buildings of Cape D ...

Large church, small congregation

Some of the neighborhoods got their own ministers and therefore separate congregations: Three Anchor Bay Reformed Church (in

Sea Point Sea Point (Afrikaans: ''Seepunt'') is an affluent and densely populated suburb of Cape Town, situated in the Western Cape, between Signal Hill and the Atlantic Ocean, a few kilometres to the west of Cape Town's Central Business District (CBD). M ...

), Observatory Reformed Church, Woodstock Reformed Church, and Maitland Reformed Church, while the Table Mountain Reformed Church was spun off from the Tamboerskloof Reformed Church (also called the New Church). As Afrikaners have left the area, the daughter congregations have tended to decline in number. Woodstock latter dissolved, and in 2007, Three Anchor Bay, Observatory, Maitland, and Tamboerskloof had only 659 members among all four congregations combined, down to 646 in 2008, compared to 1,816 for them plus Woodstock in 1985. In 1952, celebrated as the congregation's tricentennial (later, the foundation was more correctly rendered as 1665), there were more than 2,000 members served by three pastors in the mother church. In 1979, there were still 1,971 adult members, but by 1995 that number had shrunk to 1,403, and by 2009 it reached a mere 810. At the end of 2014 it had declined to 585.

List of ministers

# Joan van Arckel, 1665 - 12 January 1666 (died in office) # Johannes de Vooght, 26 February to 23 November 1666 # Petrus Wachtendorp, November 1666 - 15 December 1667 (died in office) # Adriaan de Vooght, 1667 - 1674 # Rudolpus Meerlandt, 1674 - 1675 # Petrus Hulsenaar, 1675 - 1677 # Johan Frederick Stumphius, May 1678 (not on the official church list) # Johannes Overney, 1678 - 1687 # Johannes van Andel, 1687 - 1689 (returned to Batavia) # Leonardus Terwoldt, 1689 - 1695 (returned to Batavia # Hercules van Loon, 1695 - 1697 # Petrus Kalden, 1697 - 1708 (returned to

Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherland ...

) # Engelbertus Franciscus le Boucq, 1707 - 1708 (not on the official church list) # Johannes Godefridus D'Ailly, 1708 - 1726 # Lambertus Slicher, 1723 - 1725 # Hendrik Beck, 1726 - 1731 # Franciscus le Seuer, 1729 - 1746 # Henricus Cock, 1732 - 1743 # Ruardus van Cloppenburgh, 1746 - 1748 (returned to Holland, died in 1751) # Petrus van der Spuy, 1746 - 1752 (first South-African-born pastor) # Henricus Kronenburg, 1752 - 1779 (27 years; retired; died the latter year) # Gerhardus Croeser, 1754 - 1755 # Christiaan Benjamin Voltelen, 1755 - 1758 # Johannes Frederik Bode, 1758 - 1760 # Johannes Petrus Serrurier, 1760 - 1802 (47 years; retired; died 3 February 1819) # Christiaan Fleck, 1781 - 1822 (41 years) # Meent Borcherds, 1785 - 1786 # Helperus Ritzema van Lier, 1786 - 1793 # Abraham Kuys, 1794 - 1799 # Johan Heinrich von Manger, 1802 - 1839 (37 years; retired; died 2 May 1842) # Johannes Christoffel Berrange, 1817 - 1827 # Dr.

, 1822 - 1867 (45 years) # Johannes Spijker, 1834 - 1864 (30 years; retired; died 21 May 1865) # Stephanus Petrus Heyns, 1839 - 17 September 1873 (36 years; died in office) # Dr. Andrew Murray, 1864 - 1871 # Georg Stegmann jr., 1867 - 1880 # Dr. , 1872 - 1879 (retired; died on 24 November 1879) # Gilles van de Wall, 1874 - 1875 # Anton Daniël Lückhoff, 1875 - 1886 (New Church, later Tamboerskloof) # Dr. Johannes Jacobus Kotzé, 1880 - 1899 # Abraham Isaac Steytler, 1881 - 1915 (34 years; retired; died 17 December 1922) # Christoffel Frederic Jacobus Muller, 1887 - 1890 (New Church, later Tamboerskloof) # Adriaan Moorrees, 1892 - 1895 # Charles Morgan (South Africa), 1893 - 1896 (

Robben Island Robben Island () is an island in Table Bay, 6.9 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of the coast of Bloubergstrand, north of Cape Town, South Africa. It takes its name from the Dutch language, Dutch word for seals (''robben''), hence the Dutch/Afrika ...

) # Francis Xavier Roome, 1895 - 1937 (

, 42 years) # Zacharia Johannes de Beer, 1895 - 1923 (

Woodstock The Woodstock Music and Art Fair, commonly referred to as Woodstock, was a music festival held from August 15 to 18, 1969, on Max Yasgur's dairy farm in Bethel, New York, southwest of the town of Woodstock, New York, Woodstock. Billed as "a ...

, until foundation of separate congregation, 28 years) # Louis Hugo, 1897 - 1907 (Robben Island) # Dr. Johannes Petrus van Heerden, 1899 - 1935 (36 years) # Dr. Johannes du Plessis, 1899 - 1903 (Sea Point) # Dr. Barend Johannes Haarhoff, 1905 - 1912 ( Maitland, until foundation of separate congregation) # Gerrit Johannes du Plessis, 1906 - 1912 (

Observatory An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed. Th ...

, until foundation of separate congregation) # Johannes Stephanus Hauman, 1908 - 1918 (retired; died 24 July 1925; Robben Island) # Daniel Gerhardus Malan, 1918 - 1921 # Pieter Basson Ackermann, 1918 - 1922 (Robben Island) # Daniel Stephanus Burger Joubert, 1921 - 1925 # Willem Ferdinand Louw, 1922 - 1929 (Robben Island; retired; died 16 August 1933) # Dr. Abraham van der Merwe, 1926 - 1966 (40 years) # Jacobus Delarey Conradie, 1936 - 1967 (31 years) # Pieter du Toit, 1938 - 1943 # Theunis Christoffel Botha Stofberg, 1940 – 1944 (student pastor) # Johannes Gerhardus Janse van Vuuren, 1945 - 1954, 7 December 1963 - 9 April 1986 (32 years) # Willem Adolf Landman, 1958 - 29 January 1979 (director of the Information Bureau; 21 years) # Petrus Andries van Zyl, 1958 - 1960 (traveling missionary) # Johannes Mattheus Delport, 1960 - 1963 # Jacobus van der Westhuizen, 1968 - 1997 (29 years) # Erasmus Adriaan van Niekerk, 1972 - 1975 # Abraham Johannes Prins, 1975 - 1981 # Petrus Johannes Botes, 26 April 1981 - 2009 (28 years) # Gideon de Wit, 2003 - 2015 # Johan Taute van Rooyen, 2011 - 2018 # Riaan de Villiers, 2014–present # Michiel Strauss, 2019–present

Bibliography

* Maeder, Rev. G.A. and Zinn, Christian. 1917. ''Ons Kerk Album''. Cape Town: Ons Kerk Album Maatschappij Bpkt. * Olivier, rev. P.L. (compiler). 1952. '' Ons gemeentelike feesalbum''. Cape Town/Pretoria: N.G. Kerk-uitgewers.

External links

* * {{SAHRA site , 920180106 , Groote Kerk, Adderley Street, Cape Town
(af) Die gemeente vier sy 350-jarige bestaan
URL accessed 27 January 2015. Churches in Cape Town Churches completed in 1841 Dutch Reformed Church buildings Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK) 1678 establishments in the Dutch Empire Neoclassical church buildings in South Africa 19th-century churches in South Africa