Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of

Groningen province Groningen (; gos, Grunn; fry, Grinslân) is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. It borders on Friesland to the west, Drenthe to the south, the German state of Lower Saxony to the east, and the Wadden Sea to the north. As of Feb ...

in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of the country; as of December 2021, it had 235,287 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city/municipality of the Netherlands and the second largest outside the Randstad. Groningen was established more than 950 years ago and gained

city rights Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the tradition ...

in 1245. Due to its relatively isolated location from the then successive Dutch centres of power ( Utrecht, The Hague, Brussels), Groningen was historically reliant on itself and nearby regions. As a Hanseatic city, it was part of the North German trade network, but later it mainly became a regional market centre. At the height of its power in the 15th century, Groningen could be considered an independent city-state and it remained autonomous until the French era. Today Groningen is a university city, home to some of the country's leading higher education institutes; University of Groningen (''Rijksuniversiteit Groningen''), which is the Netherlands's second oldest university, and Hanze University of Applied Sciences (''Hanzehogeschool Groningen''). Students comprise an estimated 25% of its total population and makes it the country's demographically youngest city.

Etymology

The origin and meaning of 'Groningen' and its older variant, 'Groeningen', are uncertain. A folk origin story relates the idea that, in 453 BC, exiles from Troy who were guided by a mythical figure called Gruno (or Grunius, Gryns or Grunus), along with a group of

Phrygians The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, ''Phruges'' or ''Phryges'') were an ancient Indo-European speaking people, who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. They were related to the Greeks. Ancient Greek authors used ...

from Germany, founded a settlement in what is now Groningen, and built a castle on the bank of the , which they called 'Grunoburg', and which was later destroyed by the Vikings. One modern theory is that 'Groningen' meant 'among the people of Groni' ('Groningi' and 'Groninga' in the 11th century), derived from ''Gronesbeke'', which was the old name for a small lake near the Hunze (on the northern border of

Zuidlaarderveen Zuidlaarderveen is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 17 km northeast of Assen. The village was first mentioned around 1642 as "op Suitlarerveen", and means "peat excavat ...

). Another theory is that the name was derived from the word ''groenighe'', meaning 'green fields'. During the French occupation of the area, Groningen was called ''Groningue''. In Frisian, it is called ''Grins''. In

, it is called '. Regionally, it is often simply referred to as ''Stad'' (the "city"), and its inhabitants are referred to as ''Stadjers'' or ''Stadjeder''. The Dutch sometimes refer to it as "the Metropolis of the North", or ''Martinistad'' (after the '' Martinitoren'' tower.)

History

The city was founded at the northernmost point of the '' Hondsrug'' area. While the oldest document referring to Groningen's existence dates from 1040, the area was occupied by Anglo-Saxons centuries prior. The oldest archaeological evidence of a settlement in the region stems from around 3950–3650 BC, and the first major settlement in Groningen trace back to the year 3 AD. Martini2

In the 13th century Groningen was an important trade centre and its inhabitants built a city wall to underline its authority. The city had a strong influence on its surrounding lands and the Gronings dialect became a common tongue. The most influential period of the city was at the end of the 15th century, when the nearby province of Friesland was administered from Groningen. During these years the '' Martinitoren'' was built which is considered to be the city's most significant landmark. In 1536, Groningen accepted

Emperor Charles V Charles V, french: Charles Quint, it, Carlo V, nl, Karel V, ca, Carles V, la, Carolus V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain ( Castile and Aragon) ...

, the King of Spain and the Habsburg ruler of the other Netherlands as its ruler, thus ending the region's autonomy. The city was captured in the Siege of Groningen (1594) by the Dutch and English forces led by Maurice of Nassau. After the siege, the city and the province joined the Dutch Republic. The University of Groningen was founded in 1614 with initial course offerings in law, medicine, theology and philosophy. During the same period the city expanded rapidly and a new city wall was built. The Siege of Groningen (1672) led by the bishop of Münster,

Bernhard von Galen Christoph Bernhard Freiherr von Galen (12 October 1606, Drensteinfurt – 19 September 1678) was Prince-bishop of Münster. He was born into a noble Westphalian family. Background, education and conversion to Roman Catholicism Christoph Bernha ...

during the Third Anglo-Dutch War failed and the city walls resisted; an event that is celebrated annually with music and fireworks on 28 August as "'' Gronings Ontzet''" or "''Bommen Berend''". During World War II, the main square and the Grote Markt were largely destroyed in the

Battle of Groningen The Battle of Groningen took place during the penultimate month of Second World War in Europe, from April 13 to 16, 1945, in the city of Groningen between a mixture of German soldiers, Dutch and Belgian SS troops numbering 7,000 against the en ...

in April 1945. However, the church ''Martinitoren'', the '' Goudkantoor'', and the city hall were undamaged.

Geography

Canals

Numerous canals ( ''grachten'') surround the city, locally called ''diep''. The major canals that travel from the city are the Van Starkenborghkanaal, Eemskanaal, and Winschoterdiep.

Climate

Groningen has an oceanic temperate climate, like all of the Netherlands, although slightly colder in winter than other major cities in the Netherlands due to its northeasterly position. Weather is influenced by the North Sea to the north-west and its prevailing north-western winds and galesjavascript:tidy("horizontal"). Summers are somewhat warm and humid. Temperatures of or higher occur sporadically; the average daytime high is around . Very rainy periods are common, especially in spring and summer. Average annual precipitation is about . Annual sunshine hours vary, but are usually below 1600 hours, giving much cloud cover similar to most of the Netherlands. Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate/

Oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ( ...

). Winters are cool; on average above freezing, although frosts are common during spells of easterly winds. Night-time temperatures of or lower are not uncommon during cold winter periods. The lowest temperature ever recorded is on 16 February 1956. Snow often falls, but rarely stays long due to warmer daytime temperatures, although white snowy days happen every winter.

Economy

Hotel and catering industries constitute a significant part of the economy in Groningen. Focus on business services has increased over time and areas such as IT, life sciences, tourism, energy, and environment have developed. Until 2008 there were two major

sugar refineries A sugar refinery is a refinery which processes raw sugar from cane or beets into white refined sugar. Many cane sugar mills produce raw sugar, which is sugar that still contains molasses, giving it more colour (and impurities) than the white ...

within the city. The Suiker Unie plant was constructed in the outskirts of Groningen, but became a part of the city due to expansion. The factory had 98 employees before it was shutdown in 2008 due to a reduction in demand. As of 2017, ''CSM Vierverlaten'' in Hoogkerk remains the only beet sugar production plant in the city. Other notable companies from Groningen include publishing company Noordhoff Uitgevers, tobacco company Niemeyer, health insurance company Menzis, distillery Hooghoudt, and natural gas companies GasUnie and GasTerra.

Demographics

Immigration

Religion

The majority of people in Groningen, slightly more than 70%, are non-religious. With 25.1%, the largest religion in Groningen is Christianity.

Population growth

The municipality of Groningen has grown rapidly. In 1968 it expanded by mergers with Hoogkerk and Noorddijk, and in 2019 it merged with Haren and Ten Boer. All historical data are for the original city limits, excluding Hoogkerk, Noorddijk, Haren and Ten Boer. It has a land area of , and a total area, including water, of . Its population density is 1,367 residents per km² (3,540 per square mile). On 1 January 2019, it was merged with the municipalities of Ten Boer and Haren. The

Groningen-Assen metropolitan area The Groningen-Assen metropolitan area includes the key cities of Groningen (230,000 inhabitants) and Assen (67,000 inhabitants) as well as the surrounding municipalities. Altogether it had over half a million inhabitants in 2018. The airport of th ...

has about half a million inhabitants. Colors= id:a value:gray(0.9) id:b value:gray(0.7) id:c value:rgb(1,1,1) id:d value:rgb(0.7,0.8,0.9) id:e value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize=width:800 height:373 PlotArea=left:50 bottom:30 top:30 right:30 DateFormat=x.y Period=from:0 till:240000 TimeAxis=orientation:vertical AlignBars=justify ScaleMajor=gridcolor:b increment:20000 start:0 ScaleMinor=gridcolor:a increment:10000 start:0 BackgroundColors=canvas:c BarData= bar:1795 text:1795 bar:1830 text:1830 bar:1840 text:1840 bar:1849 text:1849 bar:1859 text:1859 bar:1869 text:1869 bar:1879 text:1879 bar:1889 text:1889 bar:1899 text:1899 bar:1909 text:1909 bar:1919 text:1919 bar:1920 text:1920 bar:1930 text:1930 bar:1947 text:1947 bar:1956 text:1956 bar:1971 text:1971 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2019 text:2019 PlotData= color:d width:20 align:left bar:1795 from:0 till: 23770 bar:1830 from:0 till: 30260 bar:1840 from:0 till: 33484 bar:1849 from:0 till: 33694 bar:1859 from:0 till: 35502 bar:1869 from:0 till: 37984 bar:1879 from:0 till: 46058 bar:1889 from:0 till: 56018 bar:1899 from:0 till: 66537 bar:1909 from:0 till: 74613 bar:1919 from:0 till: 87594 bar:1920 from:0 till: 90778 bar:1930 from:0 till: 105146 bar:1947 from:0 till: 132021 bar:1956 from:0 till: 142561 bar:1971 from:0 till: 169385 bar:1980 from:0 till: 162952 bar:1990 from:0 till: 168702 bar:2000 from:0 till: 174250 bar:2010 from:0 till: 187298 bar:2019 from:0 till: 231618 PlotData= bar:1795 at: 23770 fontsize:s text: 23,770 shift:(-10,5) bar:1830 at: 30260 fontsize:S text: 30,260 shift:(-10,5) bar:1840 at: 33484 fontsize:S text: 33,484 shift:(-10,5) bar:1849 at: 33694 fontsize:S text: 33,694 shift:(-10,5) bar:1859 at: 35502 fontsize:S text: 35,502 shift:(-10,5) bar:1869 at: 37984 fontsize:S text: 37,984 shift:(-10,5) bar:1879 at: 46058 fontsize:S text: 46,058 shift:(-10,5) bar:1889 at: 56018 fontsize:S text: 56,018 shift:(-10,5) bar:1899 at: 66537 fontsize:S text: 66,537 shift:(-10,5) bar:1909 at: 74613 fontsize:S text: 74,613 shift:(-10,5) bar:1919 at: 87594 fontsize:S text: 87,594 shift:(-10,5) bar:1920 at: 90778 fontsize:S text: 90,778 shift:(-10,5) bar:1930 at: 105146 fontsize:S text: 105,146 shift:(-15,5) bar:1947 at: 132021 fontsize:S text: 132,021 shift:(-20,5) bar:1956 at: 142561 fontsize:S text: 142,561 shift:(-15,5) bar:1971 at: 169385 fontsize:S text: 169,385 shift:(-15,5) bar:1980 at: 162952 fontsize:S text: 162,952 shift:(-10,0) bar:1990 at: 168702 fontsize:S text: 168,702 shift:(-10,2) bar:2000 at: 174250 fontsize:S text: 174,250 shift:(-10,5) bar:2010 at: 187298 fontsize:S text: 187,298 shift:(-15,5) bar:2019 at: 231618 fontsize:S text: 231,618 shift:(-15,5)

Culture

Groningen is nationally known as the "Metropolis of the North". The city is regarded as the main urban centre of the Northern part of the country, particularly in the fields of education, business, music and other arts. It is also known as "''Martinistad''", referring to the tower of the '' Martinitoren'', which is named after Groningen's patron saint

Martin of Tours Martin of Tours ( la, Sanctus Martinus Turonensis; 316/336 – 8 November 397), also known as Martin the Merciful, was the third bishop of Tours. He has become one of the most familiar and recognizable Christian saints in France, heralded as the ...

. The large number its student population also contribute to a diverse cultural scene for a city of its size. Since 2016 Groningen has been host of the

International Cycling Film Festival The International Cycling Film Festival ( pl, Międzynarodowy Festiwal Filmów Rowerowych, german: Internationales Festival des Fahrrad-Films) is an independent, not-for-profit film festival held annually in Germany, in Poland, in Kosovo and in t ...

—an annual film festival for bicycle related films. It takes place in the art house cinema of the old Roman Catholic Hospital. The first major international chess tournament after World War II was held in Groningen from 1946-08-13 to 1946-09-07. The tournament, won by

Mikhail Botvinnik Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik, ( – May 5, 1995) was a Soviet and Russian chess grandmaster. The sixth World Chess Champion, he also worked as an electrical engineer and computer scientist and was a pioneer in computer chess. Botvinnik ...

of the USSR, was the first time the Soviet Union had sent a team of players to a foreign event. A major international chess festival and tournament ‘'Schaakfestival Groningen tournament'’ has been held in the city in most years, since 1946.

Museums

Groningen is home to the Groninger Museum. Its new building designed by Alessandro Mendini in 1994 echoes the Italian post-modern concepts and is notable for its futuristic and colourful style. The city has a maritime museum, a

university museum A university museum is a repository of collections run by a university, typically founded to aid teaching and research within the institution of higher learning. The Ashmolean Museum at the University of Oxford in England is an early example, ori ...

, a comics museum and a graphics museum. Groningen is also the home of

Noorderlicht Noorderlicht (Dutch for "Northern Light") is a multifaceted and international platform for documentary photography. Based in Groningen, Netherlands, Noorderlicht organizes an annual photo festival, runs a photo gallery, a publishing house, provi ...

, an international photographic platform that runs a photo gallery and organizes an international photo festival. The

Forum Groningen Forum Groningen is a cultural center in the city of Groningen in the northern Netherlands that houses a library, cinema, and parts of the Groninger Museum. Forum Groningen opened in November 2019, and is expected to receive 1.6 milli ...

that opened in 2019 is a cultural center consisting of a museum, art cinema, library, bars, rooftop terrace and tourist information office.

Theatre and music

Groningen has a city theatre called the Stadsschouwburg, located on the Turfsingel, a theatre and concert venue called Martini Plaza, and a cultural venue on the Trompsingel, called the Oosterpoort. Vera is located on the Oosterstraat, the Grand Theatre on the Grote Markt, and Simplon on the Boterdiep. Several cafés feature live music, a few of which specialize in jazz music, including the ''Jazzcafe De Spieghel'' on the Peperstraat. Groningen is the host city for

Eurosonic Noorderslag Eurosonic Noorderslag is an annual four-day music showcase festival and conference held in January in Groningen, Netherlands. The first three days of the festival (Eurosonic) feature artists from all over Europe, the last day of the festival (No ...

, an annual music showcase event for bands from Europe.

Nightlife

Groningen's nightlife depends largely on its student population. Its cultural scene is regarded as vibrant and remarkable for a city of its size. In particular, the Grote Markt, the Vismarkt, the Poelestraat and Peperstraat are crowded every night, and most bars do not close until five in the morning. From 2005 to 2007, Groningen was named "best city centre" of the Netherlands. Groningen has a

red-light district A red-light district or pleasure district is a part of an urban area where a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, and adult theaters, are found. In most cases, red-light districts are particu ...

, called ''Nieuwstad''.

Sports

Groningen_-_Voetbalstadion_Euroborg_in_vogelvlucht

FC Groningen Football Club Groningen () is a Dutch professional association football club based in Groningen, province of Groningen. Founded on 16 June 1971 as the successor of GVAV, the team compete in the Eredivisie, the highest tier of Dutch football. G ...

, founded in 1971, is the local

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...

club, and as of 2000 they play in the Eredivisie, the highest football league of the Netherlands. Winners of the

KNVB Cup The KNVB Beker (; en, KNVB Cup), branded as the TOTO KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organized by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Ou ...

in the 2014–15 season, their best Eredivisie result was in the 1990–91 season when they finished third. Their current stadium which opened in January 2006 has 22,525 seats. It is called the Hitachi Capital Mobility Stadion; it was known as the "Euroborg stadium" before 2016, and "Noordlease Stadion" from 2016 to 2018. American sports are fairly popular in Groningen; it has American football, baseball, and basketball clubs. Groningen's professional basketball club Donar play in the highest professional league, the

Dutch Basketball League The Dutch Basketball League (DBL), formerly the Eredivisie, was the highest professional basketball league in the Netherlands, run by the Federatie Eredivisie Basketball (FEB). Since 2021, the league has been replaced by the Belgian-Dutch BNXT Le ...

, and have won the national championship seven times. The

Groningen Giants Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of th ...

are the American football team of the city who play in the premier league of the

AFBN The American Football Bond Nederland (AFBN) is the governing body for American Football in the Netherlands. The AFBN was founded 1984 and refounded in 2001 after the merger of the rival leagues Nederlandse American Football Federatie (NAFF) and A ...

and are nicknamed as the "Kings of the North". The running event called

4 Miles of Groningen 4 (four) is a number, numeral (linguistics), numeral and numerical digit, digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is tetraphobia, considered unlucky in many East Asian c ...

takes place in the city on the second Sunday of October every year with over 23,000 participants. The

2002 Giro d'Italia The 2002 Giro d'Italia was the 85th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began with a prologue that navigated through the streets of the Dutch city Groningen. The race came to a close with a mass-start stage ...

began in Groningen, including the prologue and the start of the first stage. The city hosted the start and finish of the fifth stage of the

2013 Energiewacht Tour The 2013 Energiewacht Tour is the third edition of the Energiewacht Tour women's cycling stage race. It is rated by the UCI as category 2.2, and is held between 3 and 7 April 2013 in the Netherlands. Twenty-four teams of 6 riders take part. There ...

Education

Gymmnasium school Groningen at 23 April 2014 - panoramio

As of 2020, around 25% of the 230,000 inhabitants in Groningen are students. The city has the highest density of students and the lowest mean age in the Netherlands. The University of Groningen (in Dutch: ''

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; nl, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen in the Netherlands. Founded in 1614, the university is th ...

''), established in 1614 is the second oldest university in the Netherlands (after the University of Leiden). The university educated the country's first female student, Aletta Jacobs, the first Dutch national astronaut, Wubbo Ockels, the first president of the European Central Bank, Wim Duisenberg, and two

Nobel laureates The Nobel Prizes ( sv, Nobelpriset, no, Nobelprisen) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make ou ...

; Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (in Physics) and Ben Feringa (in Chemistry). The university has about 31,000 students—22% of which are international. The Hanze University of Applied Sciences (in Dutch: ''

Hanzehogeschool Groningen Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen (Hanze UAS, nl, Hanzehogeschool Groningen) is the largest technical & vocational university in the northern Netherlands and is located in Groningen. Hanze UAS offers various Bachelor and Master pr ...

'') was founded in 1986 and is more focused on the practical application of knowledge, offering bachelor and master courses in fields like Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Communication and Multimedia Design, and Renewable Energy. With around 8.1% international students, Hanze hosts more than 28,000 students and is one of the largest universities of applied sciences by enrollment in the Netherlands.

Politics

As of January 2019, the Groningen municipality council has 45 members. GroenLinks is the largest party on the council with 11 seats. The PvdA holds 6 seats. Both D66 and the Socialist Party have 5 seats. The VVD has 4 seats, while

ChristenUnie The Christian Union ( nl, ChristenUnie, CU) is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CU is a centrist party, maintaining more progressive stances on economic, immigration and environmental issues while holding more sociall ...

and the

Party for the Animals The Party for the Animals ( nl, Partij voor de Dieren; PvdD) is a List of political parties in the Netherlands, political party in the Netherlands. Among its main goals are animal rights and animal welfare. Since 2019, the PvdD's political lead ...

each have 3 seats. Christian Democratic Appeal, 100% Groningen and Stadspartij have 2 seats each; the 2 remaining seats are divided between Student en Stad and the right party

Party for Freedom The Party for Freedom ( nl, Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands. Founded in 2006 as the successor to Geert Wilders' one-man faction in the House of Representatives, it won nine ...

International relations

Groningen is

twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...

with the following cities: Groningen also has a trilateral partnership with the nearby northern German cities of

Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the Germany, German States of Germany, state Bremen (state), Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie H ...

and Oldenburg.

Transport

Cycling and walking

Groningen is known as the "World Cycling City"; around 57% of its residents use a bicycle for regular commute within the city. In 2000, Groningen was chosen as the ''Fietsstad 2002'', the top cycle-city in the Netherlands for 2002. Similar to most Dutch cities, Groningen is developed to accommodate a large number of cyclists. An extensive network of bike paths were planned to make it more convenient to cycle to various destinations instead of taking a car. The city has segregated cycle-paths, public transport, and a large pedestrianised zone in the city centre. Groningen's city centre was remodeled into a "pedestrian priority zone" to promote walking and biking. This was achieved by applying the principle of filtered permeability—the network configuration favours

active transportation Active mobility, soft mobility, active travel, active transport or active transportation is the transport of people or goods, through non-motorized means, based around human physical activity. The best-known forms of active mobility are walking a ...

and selectively "filters out" traveling in a car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. The streets that are discontinuous for cars connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces, increasing the aesthetic appeal of the trip and encouraging more participation. The logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts—the

fused grid The fused grid is a street network pattern first proposed in 2002 and subsequently applied in Calgary, Alberta (2006) and Stratford, Ontario (2004). It represents a synthesis of two well known and extensively used network concepts: the "grid" a ...

Public transport

Trains

Groningen railway station Groningen railway station (; abbreviation: Gn), locally called ''Hoofdstation'' (main station), is the main railway station in Groningen in the Province of Groningen, Netherlands. It is located on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between ...

(in Dutch: ''Hoofdstation'') is the main railway station and has regular services to most of the major cities in the country. The city's remaining two railway stations are Europapark and

Noord Noord () is a town and region in Aruba (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands). This town is known for its low rise and high rise hotels, restaurants, beaches, malls, the California Lighthouse, and other places of attraction. Places of interes ...

. Groningen has six railway routes: *Groningen –

Delfzijl Delfzijl (; gos, Delfsiel) is a city and former municipality with a population of 25,651 in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. Delfzijl was a sluice between the Delf and the Ems, which became fortified settlement in ...

*Groningen –

Roodeschool Roodeschool (Gronings: ''Roschoul'') is a community situated in the northeast of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands and forming part of the municipality of Het Hogeland. It had a population of around 860 in January 2017. ...

Eemshaven Eemshaven (; en, Ems Harbor) is a seaport in the province of Groningen in the north of the Netherlands. In 1968, the Dutch government declared the Ems estuary ( Eemsmond) to be an economic key region. One of the key developments for the regi ...

*Groningen –

Leeuwarden Leeuwarden (; fy, Ljouwert, longname=yes /; Town Frisian: ''Liwwadden''; Leeuwarder dialect: ''Leewarden'') is a city and municipality in Friesland, Netherlands, with a population of 123,107 (2019). It is the provincial capital and seat of ...

*Groningen –

Veendam Veendam () is a town and municipality with a population of 27,752 in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. Veendam was established in 1648 as a peat colony by Adriaan Geerts Wildervanck. A Holland America Line cruise shi ...

*Groningen –

Weener Weener () is a town in the district of Leer, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the border with the Netherlands, on the river Ems. The towns population is at 15,654, making it the largest town of the region Rheiderland. It has a railw ...

Leer Leer may refer to: * Leer, Lower Saxony, town in Germany ** Leer (district), containing the town in Lower Saxony, Germany ** Leer (Ostfriesland) railway station * Leer, South Sudan, town in South Sudan ** Leer County, an administrative division of ...

*Groningen –

Meppel Meppel (; Drents: ''Möppelt'') is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It constitutes the southwestern part of the province of Drenthe. Meppel is the smallest municipality in Drenthe, with a total area of about 57 km² (22 sq ...

Zwolle Zwolle () is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Overijssel and the province's second-largest municipality after Enschede with a population of 130,592 as of 1 December 2021. Zwolle is on ...

On those six routes, ten lines stop at: *

Groningen Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...

– Groningen North –

Sauwerd Sauwerd is a village in the municipality of Het Hogeland, Groningen (province), Groningen, Netherlands. Until the local government reorganization of 1990 the village was the head of the former municipality of Adorp. The village of Sauwerd is 7 ...

–

Bedum Bedum (; gos, Beem) is a former municipality and a town in the northeastern Netherlands. Populated by inhabitants in , Bedum is one of the larger of Groningen's several satellite towns. On 1 January 2019 it merged with the municipalities of De M ...

–

Stedum Stedum () is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Eemsdelta, about northeast of the city of Groningen. Stedum was a separate municipality until 1990, when it merged with Loppersum. The German munici ...

–

Loppersum Loppersum () is a village and former municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. Geography Loppersum is located in the province of Groningen in the north of the Netherlands. The former municipality was bord ...

–

Appingedam Appingedam (; gos, n Daam) is a city and former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. Although there is no certainty as to the exact age of Appingedam, historical research demonstrates that the place in which the city would eventually b ...

– Delfzijl West –

– Groningen North –

–

Winsum Winsum () is a town and a former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. On 1 January 2019 the municipality merged with the municipalities of Bedum, De Marne and Eemsmond to form the new municipality Het Hogeland. The town of Winsum was ...

–

Baflo Baflo (; Gronings: ''Bavvelt'') is a village in the municipality of Het Hogeland, Netherlands. Famous people born in Baflo include humanist Rodolphus Agricola (1443/1444–1485) and jurist Gezina van der Molen (1892–1972). Until 1990, Ba ...

–

Warffum Warffum (Gronings: Waarvum)is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland. It had a population of around 2,175 in January 2017. History The history of Warffum can be traced back to at least 600 ...

–

Usquert Usquert is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland. It had a population of around 1,415 in January 2017. History Usquert was a separate municipality until 1990, when it became part of Hefshui ...

–

Uithuizen Uithuizen () is a village in the Netherlands, Dutch province of Groningen (province), Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland. It had a population of 4,885 in January 2017. The Uithuizen railway station is located on the Sauw ...

–

Uithuizermeeden Uithuizermeeden is a village in the Netherlands, with a population of about 3,200 people. It is part of the municipality of Het Hogeland, close to the Wadden Sea. The most important points are the ''Meijster Toren'' and the ''Rensumaborg'' (dated ...

–

– (Low Service)

–

Zuidhorn Zuidhorn () is a town and former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. The town largely depends on the city of Groningen. A railway line, operated by Arriva, connects the town with Leeuwarden in Friesland and Groningen. Due to a municipal ...

–

Grijpskerk Grijpskerk is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Westerkwartier, about 18 km west of the city of Groningen. Grijpskerk was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Zuidho ...

–

Buitenpost Buitenpost (''Bûtenpost'' in West Frisian) is a village in north-east Friesland in the Netherlands. It lies approximately halfway between the cities of Leeuwarden (the capital of Friesland) and Groningen, in the northern part of the municipali ...

–

De Westereen De Westereen ( fry, De Westerein or ''De Westereen''), nl, Zwaagwesteinde) is a village in the Dantumadiel municipality of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 5,000 in 2017. History De Westereen lays on the edge of the clay ...

–

Feanwâlden Feanwâlden ( nl, Veenwouden) is a village in the Dantumadiel municipality of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 3,430 in 2014. Together with the village of Feanwâldsterwâl, a former hamlet of Feanwâlden, it has a villag ...

–

Hurdegaryp Hurdegaryp ( nl, Hardegarijp) is a village in the northern part of the Netherlands, in the municipality of Tytsjerksteradiel. Its history dates back to at least the 13th century. It had a population of around 4,788 in January 2017. In Dutch the vi ...

– Leeuwarden Camminghaburen – Leewarden *

–

– Leewarden *

– Groningen Europapark –

Kropswolde Kropswolde () is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Midden-Groningen, about 3 km southwest of the town of Hoogezand and 5 km northeast of the town of Zuidlaren.''ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederl ...

–

Martenshoek Martenshoek is a neighbourhood of Hoogezand and former village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Midden-Groningen, about 2 km west of the town of Hoogezand.''ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland'', Topogr ...

–

Hoogezand-Sappemeer Hoogezand-Sappemeer () is a former municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It was the third most-populous municipality in the province of Groningen, after Groningen and Oldambt. It was formed in 1949 by the merger of the former municipaliti ...

– Sappemeer oost – Zuidbroek –

– Groningen Europapark –

–

– Sappemeer oost – Zuidbroek –

Scheemda Scheemda () is a village with a population of 2,445 in the municipality of Oldambt in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Scheemda was a separate municipality until 2010, when it merged with Reiderland and Winschoten to form the ...

–

Winschoten Winschoten (; gos, Winschoot) is a city with a population of 18,518 in the municipality of Oldambt in the northeast of the Netherlands. It is the largest city in the region of Oldambt in the province of Groningen which has 38,213 inhabitants. ...

– (Lower service)

Bad Nieuweschans Bad Nieuweschans (also ''Lange Akkeren''; ; Gronings: ''Nij-Schans''; German: ''Bad Neuschanz'') is a village in the north-eastern Netherlands on the border with Germany. It forms part of the municipality of Oldambt. Nieuweschans means "new fort ...

–

– (Due to a broken bridge, trains do not go on to

. Take a bus from Groningen or

) *

– Groningen Europapark – Haren –

Assen Assen () is a municipality and a city in the northeastern Netherlands, and is the capital of the province of Drenthe. It received city rights in 1809. Assen is known for TT Circuit Assen, the motorcycle racing circuit, where on the last Sund ...

–

Beilen Beilen is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 16 km south of Assen. The old Reformed church is the only remaining truly old building; a large fire destroyed a major ...

–

Hoogeveen Hoogeveen (; nds-nl, 't Ogeveine or '' 't Oveine'') is a municipality and a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. Population centres Elim, Fluitenberg, Hoogeveen and Noordscheschut, which still have the canals which used to be throughout ...

–

– Amersfoort Centraal –

Utrecht Centraal Utrecht Centraal, officially Station Utrecht Centraal (), is the transit hub that integrates three bicycle parkings, two bus stations, two tram stops and the central railway station for the city of Utrecht in the province of Utrecht, Nethe ...

–

Gouda Gouda may refer to: * Gouda, South Holland, a city in the Netherlands ** Gouda (pottery), style of pottery manufactured in Gouda ** Gouda cheese, type of cheese originally made in and around Gouda ** Gouda railway station * Gouda, Western Cape, a s ...

– Rotterdam Alexander –

Rotterdam Centraal Rotterdam Centraal railway station () is the main railway station of the city Rotterdam in South Holland, Netherlands. The station received an average of 112,000 passengers daily in 2019. The current station building, located at Station Square, ...

–

– Lelystad Centrum – Almere Centrum – Amsterdam South –

Schiphol Amsterdam Airport Schiphol , known informally as Schiphol Airport ( nl, Luchthaven Schiphol, ), is the main international airport of the Netherlands. It is located southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in the province ...

– Leiden Centraal – Den Haag Centraal / The Hague Centraal

Buses

Groningen has bus lines and Q-Link—a network of buses similar to a tram/metro network. City & Q-Link Lines: *1:

Main Station Central stations or central railway stations emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century as railway stations that had initially been built on the edge of city centres were enveloped by urban expansion and became an integral part of the ...

– City Center – UMCG North – Station Groningen North – Zernike – P+R Reitdiep *2: Groningen Europapark – UMCG Main Entrance – UMCG North – Station Groningen North – Zernike – Station Zuidhorn *3:

Lewenborg Lewenborg is a green suburb in the east of the city of Groningen (city), Groningen in the Netherlands. It had 9,115 residents as of 2016. Its construction began in 1971. The heart of Lewenborg consists of the shopping mall and the community cente ...

– P+R Kardingen –

– P+R Hoogkerk –

Leek The leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of '' Allium ampeloprasum'', the broadleaf wild leek (syn. ''Allium porrum''). The edible part of the plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a stem or stalk. The genus ''All ...

*4: Beijum – P+R Kardingen –

– P+R Hoogkerk –

Peize Peize is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. Located in the northern part of Drenthe approximately 10 kilometers south of the city of Groningen. It is part of the municipality of Noordenveld, located between Roden and Eelde. Peize was a s ...

– Roden *5:

Harkstede Harkstede (), also known as Haarkstee () in Gronings, is a small village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in Midden-Groningen, Groningen. Harkstede is located near the " Meerstad Project" of the municipality of Groningen, however it ...

– P+R

Meerstad Meerstad is a planned town in the Dutch province of Groningen. It started in 2007 as part of the municipality of Slochteren, but was transferred to the city of Groningen in 2017. The original plan was to built 10,000 houses for 30,000 people by 2 ...

– UMCG Main Entrance – City Centre –

– P+R Haren –

Zuidlaren Zuidlaren ( Noordenvelds: ''Zuudlaoren'') is a village in the province of Drenthe in the Northern Netherlands. Zuidlaren has just over 10,000 inhabitants and is situated on natural heightened land which is called the Hondsrug. The village is par ...

–

Annen Annen is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. Located in the municipality of Aa en Hunze, it lies about 12 km (7.4 mi) northeast of Assen. History The village was first mentioned in 1309 as Anne. The etymology is unknown. Annen is an ...

*6: P+R Haren –

– UMCG Main Entrance – Ten Boer –

–

*7: De Wijert –

– Westerhaven – Vinkhuizen – Paddepoel – Station Groningen North *8: P+R Hoogkerk – Hoogkerk – Westerhaven –

- Groningen Europapark – Corpus den Hoorn – Martini hospital – P+R Hoogkerk *9:

Eelde Eelde () is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 9 km south of Groningen. Groningen Airport Eelde is located near the village. Eelde was a separate municipality until 1998, when ...

–

Paterswolde Paterswolde is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 8 km south of city of Groningen. Paterswolde and Eelde has merged into a single urban area, and are often referred to as ...

– Martini hospital – Corpus den Hoorn – De Wijert –

– Westerhaven – Paddepoel – Station Groningen North or Zernike *10: Corpus den Hoorn – Martini hospital –

– Korrewegwijk – Station Groningen North *12:

– Groningen Europapark – Euvelgunne – Eemspoort – P+R Meerstad – P+R Kardingen *15:

– Paddepoel – Zernike *18: P+R Hoogkerk – Vinkhuizen – Paddepoel – Zernike Q-Liner Lines: *300:

– P+R Westlaren (

) – P+R

Gieten Gieten is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Aa en Hunze, and lies about 14 km east of Assen. History The village was first mentioned in 1223 as Geten. The etymology is unclear. Gieten is an '' ...

– P+R Borger – Emmen *304:

– P+R Hoogkerk –

Drachten Drachten () is a town in the northern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Smallingerland, Friesland. It had a population of around 45,186 in January 2017 and is the second largest town in the province of Friesland. History Begi ...

*309:

–

Busstation Marsdijk – Kloosterveen *312:

– P+R Haren – P+R

– P+R

–

Gasselte Gasselte is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. Located in the municipality of Aa en Hunze, it is situated about 16 km (9.9 mi) east of Assen. In 2021, it had a population of 1,770. History The village was first mentioned in 1302 as ...

–

Stadskanaal Stadskanaal () is a town and municipality with a population of 32,715 in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. It was named after the canal Stadskanaal. From 1800 until 1900 this area was ideal for its peat mining, and so ...

*314:

–

*315:

– Heereveen –

Emmeloord Emmeloord is the administrative centre of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, Flevoland, Netherlands. In 2019, it had a population of 26,055. Overview At the heart of the Noordoostpolder, where the three main drainage canals Lemstervaart, Ur ...

Night Lines: *402:

→ Corpus den Hoorn →

→

→ Vries →

Tynaarlo Tynaarlo (; Gronings: ''Tynaorl'') is a village and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. Although it is located in the province of Drenthe, many of its communities serve as suburbs of the neighbouring city of Groningen, capital of the ep ...

→

*406:

– Ten Boer –

–

*417:

→ P+R Hoogkerk →

→ Roden →

→ P+R Hoogkerk –

*418:

→ Haren →

→

→ P+R

→ P+R Westlaren → P+R Haren →

*419:

–

Busstation Marsdijk – Station Assen Regional lines: *35:

–

Aduard Aduard () is a village in the municipality of Westerkwartier, in the Netherlands. It is located about 8 km northwest of Groningen. The history of Aduard dates back to the foundation in 1192 of the Cistercian The Cistercians, () offi ...

– Oldehove *39:

– Vinkhuizen –

–

Grootegast Grootegast (; fy, Gruttegast) is a village and former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. It is the sister city of Kingston, Tasmania. The municipality was merged into the municipality of Westerkwartier on 1 January 2019. Geography ...

–

Surhuisterveen Surhuisterveen ( fry, Surhústerfean) is the largest of the 12 villages of the municipality of Achtkarspelen, in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. As of 1 January 2017, Surhuisterveen had a population of 5,929. General information Th ...

*50:

– Haren –

Glimmen Glimmen is a village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Groningen, about 10 kilometres from the city. It had a population of around 1,342 in 2021. The river Drentsche Aa flows past the village, nearby the ''Huis ...

– Vries – Station Assen *51:

– Haren –

–

Loon Loons (North American English) or divers ( British / Irish English) are a group of aquatic birds found in much of North America and northern Eurasia. All living species of loons are members of the genus ''Gavia'', family Gaviidae and order G ...

– Station Assen *61:

–

Middelstum Middelstum () is a village with a population of 2,419 in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Eemsdelta. Middelstum was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Loppersum. Histo ...

–

*65:

–

Zoutkamp Zoutkamp is a village in the municipality Het Hogeland which is part of the province Groningen in the Netherlands. The village started as a sconce. During the Dutch Revolt, it was the site of the Battle of Zoutkamp. Later it became a fishing vil ...

*76:

–

Hoogezand Hoogezand is a town in the municipality of Midden-Groningen, in the province of Groningen in northeast Netherlands. History The name refers to a higher sanded ''(Hooge Sandt)'' place in the peatlands cut through when the Winschoterdiep cha ...

*85:

–

– Oosterwolde *86:

–

Norg Norg is a village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Noordenveld, Drenthe. It used to be an independent municipality until 1998. Norg is home to two windmills. History Norg is an '' esdorp'' which developed ...

*88: P+R Hoogkerk – Oostwold –

*107: Zernike – P+R

–

*109: Zernike –

–

Busstation Marsdijk *133:

– P+R Hoogkerk – Via A7 –

–

*139:

– Hoogkerk –

–

*160:

–

*163:

–

Lauwersoog Lauwersoog is a seaside village and harbour in the province of Groningen, located in the northern part of the Netherlands. It is part of the municipality of Het Hogeland. It was established on 23 May 1969. The ferry to Schiermonnikoog departs fro ...

(connecting the ferry to

Schiermonnikoog Schiermonnikoog (; fry, ) is an island, a municipality and national park in the Northern Netherlands. Schiermonnikoog is one of the West Frisian Islands, and is part of the province of Friesland. It is situated between the islands of Ameland an ...

) *171: Zernike – Via A7 –

–

*174:

–

- Zuidbroek –

*178:

–

Slochteren Slochteren () is a village and former municipality with a population of 15,546 in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. On 1 January 2018, Slochteren merged with Hoogezand-Sappemeer and Menterwolde, forming the municipal ...

–

Siddeburen Siddeburen (; Gronings: ''Sibboeren'' or ''Siddeboeren'') is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Midden-Groningen, about 10 km southwest of Delfzijl. Siddeburen was a separate municipality unti ...

–

(limited Service to

) *182: Zernike –

*183: Zernike –

*184: Zernike – Roden *189:

–

Marum Marum () is a town and a former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. The municipality was merged into the municipality of Westerkwartier on 1 January 2019. History Marum is located in the peat area, and was an agricultural village. It ...

–

Other Lines: *563:

–

Thesinge Thesinge (Gronings: ''Taisen'') is a village in the municipality of Groningen, in the Dutch province of Groningen. The Benedictine monastery of ''Germania'' was founded in Thesinge in 1205. History The village was first mentioned in 786 or 7 ...

–

Sint Annen ''Sint'' (released on DVD as ''Saint'' in Europe and ''Saint Nick'' in the United States) is a 2010 in film, 2010 Netherlands, Dutch Black comedy, dark comedy horror film about Sinterklaas, the character on which the Anglo-Saxon Santa Claus is ba ...

– Ten Boer *564: Ten Boer – Woltersum –

*637:

→

*679: Zernike ←

Direct bus routes from Groningen to

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...

Berlin Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...

, and

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...

are also available.

Motorways

The A28 motorway connects Groningen to

Utrecht Utrecht ( , , ) is the fourth-largest city and a municipality of the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation, in the very centre of mainland Nethe ...

(via

and

Amersfoort Amersfoort () is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands, about 20 km from the city of Utrecht and 40 km south east of Amsterdam. As of 1 December 2021, the municipality had a population of 158,531, making it the secon ...

). The A7 motorway connects it to Friesland and

Zaandam Zaandam () is a city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is the main city of the municipality of Zaanstad, and received city rights in 1811. It is located on the river Zaan, just north of Amsterdam. The statistical district Zaa ...

(West), and

and

(East).

Airport

Boeing_737-8K2,_Transavia_Airlines_JP5966774

Groningen Airport Eelde Groningen Airport Eelde is a minor international airport in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located near Eelde in the Province of Drenthe, south of the city of Groningen in the province of Groningen. In 2015, the airport handled 220,710 ...

is an international airport located near

, in

Drenthe Drenthe () is a provinces of the Netherlands, province of the Netherlands located in the northeastern part of the country. It is bordered by Overijssel to the south, Friesland to the west, Groningen (province), Groningen to the north, and the G ...

, with scheduled services to Guernsey,

Gran Canaria Gran Canaria (, ; ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa which is part of Spain. the island had a population of that co ...

Antalya Antalya () is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey as well as the capital of Antalya Province. Located on Anatolia's southwest coast bordered by the Taurus Mountains, Antalya is the largest Turkish city on the Mediterranean coast outside the Ae ...

Crete Crete ( el, Κρήτη, translit=, Modern: , Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cypru ...

Mallorca Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean. The capital of the island, Palma, is also the capital of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. The Bale ...

Bodrum Bodrum () is a port city in Muğla Province, southwestern Turkey, at the entrance to the Gulf of Gökova. Its population was 35,795 at the 2012 census, with a total of 136,317 inhabitants residing within the district's borders. Known in ancient ...

Notable people

Abel Janszoon Tasman Abel Janszoon Tasman (; 160310 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He was the first known European explorer to reach New Z ...

(1603–1659), explorer, seafarer, merchant for the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock c ...

Albert Dominicus Trip van Zoudtlandt Jonkheer Albert Dominicus Trip van Zoudtlandt (Groningen, 13 October 1776—The Hague, 23 March 1835) was a Dutch lieutenant-general of cavalry who headed the Dutch heavy cavalry brigade at the Battle of Waterloo. Biography Family life Trip w ...

(1776–1835), lieutenant-general at the

Battle of Waterloo The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo (at that time in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium). A French army under the command of Napoleon was defeated by two of the armies of the Seventh C ...

* Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926), physicist, Nobel laureate *

Dirk Jan de Geer Dirk Jan de Geer (14 December 1870 – 28 November 1960) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Christian Historical Union (CHU) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 8 March 1 ...

(1870–1960), statesman and

Dutch Prime Minister The prime minister of the Netherlands ( nl, Minister-president van Nederland) is the head of the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands. Although the monarch is the ''de jure'' head of government, the prime minister ''de facto'' ...

(1926–29, 1939–40), advocated peace settlement between the Netherlands and

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

in 1940 *

A. W. L. Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer (7 March 1888 – 16 August 1978) was a Dutch nobleman and statesman, primarily noted for being the last colonial Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. He was ...

(1888–1978), last colonial

Governor-General Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

of the

Netherlands East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, whi ...

Michel Velleman Michel Velleman (5 January 1895 – 2 July 1943),Michel Velleman
in

...

(1895–1943), Jewish magician *

Jan Wolthuis Jan Aksel Wolthuis (27 February 1903 – 16 March 1983), a lawyer by training, was a Dutch Nazi who collaborated with the German occupiers during World War II and after the war was active in far-right politics. Biography Until 1945 Born in Gron ...

(1903–1983), lawyer and collaborator, active in

far-right politics Far-right politics, also referred to as the extreme right or right-wing extremism, are political beliefs and actions further to the right of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of being ...

after WWII *

Esmée van Eeghen Esmée Adrienne van Eeghen (7 July 1918 - 7 September 1944) was a Dutch resistance fighter in World War II. Van Eeghen is controversial because she fell in love with a German officer, but in spite of this played a significant role in the resist ...

(1918–1944), Dutch resistance member executed by the Nazis in Paddepoel, Noorddijk *

Pete Hoekstra Cornelis Piet "Pete" Hoekstra (; born October 30, 1953) is a Dutch-American politician who served as the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands from January 10, 2018, to January 17, 2021. A member of the Republican Party, he previously ser ...

(born 1953),

United States ambassador to the Netherlands The United States diplomatic mission to the Netherlands consists of the embassy located in The Hague and a consular office located in Amsterdam. In 1782, John Adams was appointed America's first Minister Plenipotentiary to Holland. According t ...

, former

Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or again ...

member of Congress A Member of Congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivale ...

representing

Michigan's 2nd congressional district Michigan's 2nd congressional district is a United States congressional district in Western Michigan. The current 2nd district contains much of Michigan's old 4th congressional district, and includes all of Manistee, Mason, Lake, Osceola, Cl ...

Gerard Kemkers Gerard Kemkers (born 8 March 1967) is a former speed skater from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada. There he won the bronze medal in the 5000 metres. Kemkers retired from internati ...

(born 1967),

speed skating Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skati ...

bronze medalist at

1988 Winter Olympics ) , nations = 57 , athletes = 1,423 (1,122 men, 301 women) , events = 46 in 6 sports (10 disciplines) , opening = February 13, 1988 , closing = February 28, 1988 , opened_by = Governor General Jeanne Sauvé , cauldron ...

Bauke Mollema , birth_date = , birth_place = Groningen, Netherlands , height = , weight = , currentteam = , discipline = Road , role = Rider , ridertype = All-rounder , amateuryears1 = 2004–2006 , amateurtea ...

(born 1986), cyclist *

Kim Feenstra Kim Feenstra (; born 23 August 1985) is a Dutch model. She was the winning contestant of Cycle 2 of ''Holland's Next Top Model'' in 2007. Modelling Feenstra came to prominence as a contestant on cycle two of ''Holland's Next Top Model''. L ...

(born 1985), model *

Ben Woldring Ben Woldring (born February 6, 1985 in Groningen ) is a Dutch internet entrepreneur and millionaire from Usquert who first rose to fame in the autumn of 1998 when, for a school assignment, he made a website where consumers could compare prices f ...

(born 1985), internet entrepreneur *

Noisia Noisia (stylised as NOISIΛ; "VISION" turned upside down) was a Dutch electronic music trio consisting of members Nik Roos, Martijn van Sonderen and Thijs de Vlieger from Groningen, Netherlands. They produce a wide variety of music including dr ...

(2000–present), music producers

References

Bibliography

External links

Official website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Groningen (City) Cities in the Netherlands Members of the Hanseatic League Municipalities of Groningen (province) Populated places in Groningen (province) Provincial capitals of the Netherlands

Etymology

History

Geography

Canals

Climate

Economy

Demographics

Immigration

Religion

Population growth

Culture

Museums

Theatre and music

Nightlife

Sports

Education

Politics

International relations

Transport

Cycling and walking

Public transport

Trains

Buses

Motorways

Airport

Notable people

See also

References

Bibliography

External links