Gouda () is a

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

and

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the west of the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

, between

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , ; ; ) is the second-largest List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam. It is in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, part of the North S ...

and

Utrecht Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...

, in the

province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

South Holland South Holland ( ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about , making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. ...

. Gouda has a population of 75,000 and is famous for its Gouda cheese, stroopwafels, many ,

smoking pipe A smoking pipe, often simply referred to as a pipe, is used to inhale (or taste) the smoke of a burning substance, typically (though not exclusively) used to consume a Psychoactive drug, psychoactive substance; this most commonly refers to a to ...

s, and its 15th-century

city hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or municipal hall (in the Philippines) is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses the city o ...

. Its array of historic churches and other buildings makes it a very popular day-trip destination. In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

the family founded a settlement at the location of the current city and built a fortified

castle A castle is a type of fortification, fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by Military order (monastic society), military orders. Scholars usually consider a ''castle'' to be the private ...

alongside the banks of the Gouwe River, from which the family and the city took their names. Locals long called the settlement , or or ' for short. The area, originally

marshland In ecology, a marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plants rather than by woody plants.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p More in general ...

, developed over the course of two centuries. By 1225, a

canal Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface ...

was linked to the Gouwe and its estuary became a harbour. In 1272 Floris V, Count of Holland granted the city city rights.

History

Around the year 1100, the area of present-day Gouda was swampy and covered with a

peat Peat is an accumulation of partially Decomposition, decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, Moorland, moors, or muskegs. ''Sphagnum'' moss, also called peat moss, is one of the most ...

forest, crossed by small creeks such as the Gouwe. Along the shores of this stream near the current market and city hall, peat harvesting began in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1139, the name ''Gouda'' was first mentioned in a document of the

Bishop of Utrecht List of bishops and archbishops of the diocese and archdioceses of Utrecht. Medieval diocese from 695 to 1580 Founders of the Utrecht diocese * * * * * Bishops * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ...

. In the 13th century, the Gouwe was connected to the Oude Rijn (Old Rhine) by means of a canal and its mouth at the Hollandse IJssel was developed into a harbour. Castle Gouda was built to protect this harbour. This shipping route was used for trade between

Flanders Flanders ( or ; ) is the Dutch language, Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, la ...

and France with

Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherland ...

and the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...

. In 1272, Floris V, Count of Holland, granted city rights to Gouda, which by then had become an important location. City-canals () were dug and served as transport ways through the town. Great fires in 1361 and 1438 destroyed the city. In 1572, the city was occupied by les Gueux (Dutch rebels against the Spanish King) who also committed arson and destruction. In 1577 the demolition of Castle Gouda began. 1551 marked the founding of the oldest still-functioning inn, De Zalm, located on Markt 34, near the historic Waag building. In 1574, 1625, 1636, and 1673, Gouda suffered from deadly plague epidemics, of which the last one was the most severe: 2995 persons died, constituting 20% of its population. In the last quarter of the 16th century, Gouda had serious economic problems. It recovered in the first half of the 17th century and even prospered between 1665 and 1672. However, its economy collapsed again when the

Franco-Dutch War The Franco-Dutch War, 1672 to 1678, was primarily fought by Kingdom of France, France and the Dutch Republic, with both sides backed at different times by a variety of allies. Related conflicts include the 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War and ...

broke out in 1672 and the plague decimated the city in 1673, even affecting the pipe industry. After 1700, Gouda enjoyed a period of progress and prosperity until 1730. Then another recession followed, resulting in a long period of decline that lasted well into the 19th century. Gouda was one of the poorest cities in the Netherlands during that period: the terms "Goudaner" and "beggar" were considered synonymous. Starting in 1830, demolition of the city walls began. The last city gate was torn down in 1854. Only from the second half of the 19th century onward did Gouda start to profit from improved economic conditions. New companies, such as ''Stearine Kaarsenfabriek'' (Stearine Candle Factory) and ''Machinale Garenspinnerij'' (Mechanized Yarn Spinnery), gave impetus to its economy. In 1855, the Gouda-

railway began operations. At the beginning of the 20th century, large-scale development began, extending the city beyond its moats. First the new neighbourhoods Korte Akkeren, Kort Haarlem and Kadebuurt were built, followed by , , and after

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. From 1940 on, back-filling of the city moats and city-canals, the grachten, began: the Nieuwehaven, Raam, Naaierstraat, and Achter de Vismarkt. However, because of protests from city dwellers and revised policies of city planners, Gouda did not continue back-filling moats and city-canals, now considered historically valuable. In 1944, the railway station was damaged during an Allied bombardment which killed eight and wounded ten persons. This bombardment was intended to destroy the railroad connecting The Hague and Rotterdam to Utrecht. After the war, the city started to expand and nearly tripled in size. New neighbourhoods, such as Gouda-Oost, Bloemendaal and Goverwelle were built. In recent years there has been a shift from expanding the city towards urban renewal and

gentrification Gentrification is the process whereby the character of a neighborhood changes through the influx of more Wealth, affluent residents (the "gentry") and investment. There is no agreed-upon definition of gentrification. In public discourse, it has ...

Demographics

Economy

Gouda is known for its Gouda cheese, which is still traded on its cheese market, held each Thursday. Gouda is also known for the fabrication of candles, smoking pipes, and

stroopwafel A ''stroopwafel'' (; ) is a thin, round cookie made from two layers of sweet baked dough held together by syrup filling.

s. Gouda used to have a considerable

linen Linen () is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant. Linen is very strong and absorbent, and it dries faster than cotton. Because of these properties, linen is comfortable to wear in hot weather and is valued for use in garments. Lin ...

industry and several beer breweries. Gouda cheese is not made in the city itself, but rather in the surrounding region. It derives its name from being traded in Gouda where the city council imposes stringent quality controls. The economy of the city centre is based on tourism, leisure and retail, while offices are located at the outskirts of the city. Currently, there are over 32,000 jobs in the city, mainly in commercial and healthcare services.

Attractions

* Old City Hall at the Markt square - built between 1448 and 1450, one of the oldest Gothic city halls in the Netherlands; * The ''Waag'' ( weigh house) - built in 1667 across from the Old City Hall, this building was used for weighing goods (especially cheese) to levy taxes. It now is a national monument. It currently hosts a small cheese museum; * Grote or St. Jans Kerk (Great or Saint John's Church) - longest church in the Netherlands, famous for its

stained glass Stained glass refers to coloured glass as a material or art and architectural works created from it. Although it is traditionally made in flat panels and used as windows, the creations of modern stained glass artists also include three-dimensio ...

windows which were made between 1530 and 1603, considered the most significant stained glass collection in the Netherlands. Even in the 17th century, it already was a tourist attraction; * - museum about the history and arts of the city; * Verzetsmuseum - a museum about the Dutch

resistance during World War II During World War II, resistance movements operated in German-occupied Europe by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation to propaganda, hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. In many countries, r ...

, the collection currently in storage as museum building closed in November 2018; * Museumhaven Gouda - small harbour with historic ships; * Goudse Schouwburg - large theatre; * Waaiersluis (Waaier Locks) - a historic

lock Lock(s) or Locked may refer to: Common meanings *Lock and key, a mechanical device used to secure items of importance *Lock (water navigation), a device for boats to transit between different levels of water, as in a canal Arts and entertainme ...

on the Hollandse IJssel just east of Gouda.

Events

* Gouda Cheese & Craft Market, every Thursday from 10:00 - 13:00h (April–August). According to ''Stichting Goudse Kaas'', it attracted 60,000 tourists each year (as of 2017). * Gouda Ceramics Days, a yearly two-day event of ceramists from the Netherlands and several other countries. Several exhibitions. May 29 10:00 - 17:00h and May 30 10:00 - 16:00h around the Old City Hall. * Gouda's Monmartre, antique/curio/flea/collector's market, weekly on Wednesdays around the Old City Hall during summer from June 4 - Sept. 10, 2014. * Gouda Water City Festival weekend of June 21, 2014 * Gouda by Candlelight - an annual Christmas event held in mid-December, featuring attractions in the city centre. In the evening, a Christmas tree, an annual gift from the sister city of Kongsberg, is lit in the market place. Carols are sung by famous Dutch singers accompanied by choirs. The windows of the Old City Hall and the surrounding houses are lit by Gouda candles.

Music

Warmaster ''Warmaster'' is a ruleset for tabletop wargames written by Rick Priestley, published by Specialist Games (a division of Games Workshop), and set in the '' Warhammer Fantasy'' setting. It is different from ''Warhammer Fantasy Battles'' in ...

, old school death metal band

Transport

Gouda is served by two railway stations, Gouda and Gouda Goverwelle. The main railway station is served by Intercity services to

The Hague The Hague ( ) is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the c ...

, and

and local trains to

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...

and

Alphen aan den Rijn Alphen aan den Rijn (; or "Alphen on the Rhine") is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The city is situated on the banks of the river Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland), Oude Rijn (Old Rhine ...

Leiden Leiden ( ; ; in English language, English and Archaism, archaic Dutch language, Dutch also Leyden) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Nethe ...

. The city also lies alongside the A12 and A20 motorways.

Twin towns – sister cities

Gouda is twinned with: *

Kongsberg Kongsberg () is a historical mining town and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The city is located on the river Numedalslågen at the entrance to the valley of Numedal. Kongsberg has been a centre of silver mining, arms production and fo ...

, Norway (since 1956) *

Solingen Solingen (; ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 25 km east of Düsseldorf along the northern edge of the Bergisches Land, south of the Ruhr. After Wuppertal, it is the second-largest city in the Bergisches Land, and a member of ...

, Germany (since 1957) Gouda was also twinned with

Gloucester Gloucester ( ) is a cathedral city, non-metropolitan district and the county town of Gloucestershire in the South West England, South West of England. Gloucester lies on the River Severn, between the Cotswolds to the east and the Forest of Dean ...

in England, but this twinning ended in 2015.

Notable people

Public thinking and public service

* Gerard Leeu (1445–1493) was a Dutch printer of the incunabulum period *

Desiderius Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist ...

(1466–1536) a Dutch philosopher and Christian humanist, scholar of the

northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps, developing later than the Italian Renaissance, and in most respects only beginning in the last years of the 15th century. It took different forms in the vari ...

* Cornelius Loos (1546–1595) a Roman Catholic priest, theologian and professor of theology * brothers

Cornelis de Houtman Cornelis de Houtman (2 April 1565 – 11 September 1599) was a Dutch merchant seaman who commanded the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies. Although the voyage was difficult and yielded only a modest profit, Houtman showed that the ...

(1565–1599) and Frederick de Houtman (1571–1627) were explorers on the

first Dutch expedition to the East Indies The First Dutch Expedition to the East Indies () was an expedition that took place from 1595 to 1597. It was instrumental in opening up the Indonesian spice trade to the merchants that eventually formed the Dutch East India Company, and ...

* Adriaen Maertensz Block (ca.1582-1661) commander and governor of Ambon 1614-1617, * Hieronymus van Beverningh (1614–1690) a diplomat, amateur botanist and patron of the arts * Roemer Vlacq (1637–1703) a Dutch naval captain, who blew up his ship to save it from capture * Hieronymus van Alphen (1746–1803) a jurist and wrote poems for children * Gerard Van Helden (1848–1901) Detective Superintendent in the Birmingham City Police Force * Gerard van Leijenhorst (1928–2001) a politician and chemistry teacher in Gouda 1955 to 1971 * Wim Deetman (born 1945) a politician, teacher and municipal councillor in Gouda 1974 to 1981 * Jan Oosterhaven (born 1945) economist and university professor * Hans van Leeuwen (born 1946) an educator, engineer, inventor, researcher and entrepreneur * Ad Melkert (born 1956) a Dutch politician, diplomat and nonprofit director

Science and business

* Adriaan Vlacq (1600–1667) a Dutch author of mathematical tables and book publisher * Nicolaas Hartsoeker (1656–1725) a mathematician and physicist, invented the screw-barrel microscope * Gualtherus Johannes Cornelis Kolff (1826–1881) co-founder of G. Kolff & Co., a publishing company in

Batavia, Dutch East Indies Batavia was the capital of the Dutch East Indies. The area corresponds to present-day Jakarta, Indonesia. Batavia can refer to the city proper or its suburbs and hinterland, the , which included the much larger area of the Residency of Batavia ...

Pieter Johannes van Rhijn Pieter Johannes van Rhijn (24 March 1886 – 9 May 1960) was a Dutch astronomer. Born in Gouda, he studied at Groningen. He served as director at the Sterrenkundig Laboratorium ( Kapteyn Astronomical Institute) in Groningen. He died in Groning ...

(1886—1960) a Dutch astronomer * Jan Schilt (1894–1982) a Dutch-American astronomer, invented the Schilt

photometer A photometer is an instrument that measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation in the range from ultraviolet to infrared and including the visible spectrum. Most photometers convert light into an electric current using a photoresistor, ...

Jan Gonda Jan Gonda (14 April 1905 – 28 July 1991) was a Dutch Indologist and the first Utrecht professor of Sanskrit. He was born in Gouda, in the Netherlands, and died in Utrecht. He studied with Willem Caland at Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht (since 19 ...

(1905–1991) a Dutch Indologist and academic * Leo Vroman (1915-2014) a Dutch-American

hematologist Hematology ( spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production ...

, poet and illustrator * Peter van Mensch (born 1947) a Dutch scientist in the field of

museology Museology (also called museum studies or museum science) is the study of museums. It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and ed ...

* Peter Stas (born 1963) a Dutch entrepreneur and author, CEO of Frédérique Constant

The arts

* brothers

Dirk Crabeth Dirk (or Dirck) Pietersz Crabeth (1501 – 1574) was a Dutch Renaissance glass painter, tapestry designer, and mapmaker. He was employed by the Janskerk (Gouda) during the 16th century, where he created eight of the stained glass windows durin ...

(1501—1574) & Wouter Crabeth I (1510-1590), Dutch Renaissance glass painters *

Pieter Pourbus Pieter Jansz. Pourbus (c. 1523–1584) was a Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, Flemish Renaissance painter, draftsman, engineer and cartographer who was active in Bruges during the 16th century. He is known primarily for his religious and p ...

(ca.1523–1584) a Flemish Renaissance painter of portraits and religious scenes * Cornelis Ketel (1548–1616) a Dutch

Mannerist Mannerism is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it ...

painter * Cornelis Engelsz (1575–1650) a

Dutch Golden Age The Dutch Golden Age ( ) was a period in the history of the Netherlands which roughly lasted from 1588, when the Dutch Republic was established, to 1672, when the '' Rampjaar'' occurred. During this period, Dutch trade, scientific development ...

painter * Jacob Block (1580–1646) a

painter * Daniël Tomberg (1603–1678) a

glass painter * Frederick de Wit (ca.1630–1706) a cartographer and artist, drew, printed and sold maps * Hendrik Bary (ca.1632–1707) a Dutch engraver * Pieter Donker (1635–1668) a

painter * Jan Willem van Borselen (1825-1892) a Dutch landscape painter of the Hague School * Cornelis Verwoerd (1913–2000) a Dutch Delftware painter, modeler, and ceramist * Koos de Bruin (1941-1992) a Dutch painter, draftsman, sculptor and graphic artist * Rozalie Hirs (born 1965) a Dutch composer of contemporary classical music and a poet * Marco de Goeij (born 1967), composer, reconstructed '' Concerto for Group and Orchestra'' by Jon Lord * Léon de Jong (born 1982) a Dutch politician and singer, a former musician and salesman

Sport

* Dick van Dijk (1946–1997) football player with 250 club caps * Harry van der Laan (born 1964) a retired Dutch football striker with over 350 club caps * Ed de Goey (born 1966) former goalkeeper with 569 club caps, 31 caps with

Netherlands national football team The Netherlands national football team ( or simply ''Het Nederlands elftal'') has represented the Netherlands in international men's football matches since 1905. The men's national team is controlled by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNV ...

* Marcel van Vliet (born 1970) a Dutch truck racer * Gillian van den Berg (born 1971) a water polo player, team gold medallist at the

2008 Summer Olympics The 2008 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad () and officially branded as Beijing 2008 (), were an international multisport event held from 8 to 24 August 2008, in Beijing, China. A total of 10,942 athletes fro ...

* Andrea Nuyt (born 1974) a retired speed skater, competed at the

1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...

and

2002 Winter Olympics The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 (; Gosiute dialect, Gosiute Shoshoni: ''Tit'-so-pi 2002''; ; Shoshoni language, Shoshoni: ''Soónkahni 2002''), were an international wi ...

Ellen Hogerwerf Elisabeth Wilhelmina "Ellen" Hogerwerf (born 10 February 1989) is a Dutch rower. She is a three time Olympian and an Olympic silver medalist in the coxless four at Tokyo 2020. Hogerwerf placed eighth in the double sculls at the 2012 Olympi ...

(born 1989) a rower and team silver medallist at the

2020 Summer Olympics The officially the and officially branded as were an international multi-sport event that was held from 23 July to 8 August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, with some of the preliminary sporting events beginning on 21 July 2021. Tokyo ...

* Froukje Wegman (born 1979) a rower and team bronze medallist at the

2004 Summer Olympics The 2004 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad (), and officially branded as Athens 2004 (), were an international multi-sport event held from 13 to 29 August 2004 in Athens, Greece. The Games saw 10,625 athletes ...

* Michel Breuer (born 1980) a retired Dutch footballer with 519 club caps * Paulien van Deutekom (1981-2019) a Dutch champion speed skater, competed at the

2006 Winter Olympics The 2006 Winter Olympics (), officially the XX Olympic Winter Games () and also known as Torino 2006, were a winter multi-sport event held from 10 to 26 February in Turin, Italy. This marked the second time Italy had hosted the Winter O ...

* Bianca de Jong-Muhren (born 1986) a Dutch chess Woman Grandmaster (WGM) * Mieke Cabout (born 1986) a water polo player, team gold medallist at the

* Ted-Jan Bloemen (born 1986) a Dutch-Canadian long track speed skater, gold and silver medallist at the

2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics (), officially the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (; ) and also known as PyeongChang 2018 (), were an international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, South Ko ...

* Lex van Haeften (born 1987) a Dutch professional footballer * Michael van der Mark (born 1992) a Dutch motorcycle racer * Christiaan Messemaker (1821–1905) a Dutch chess master

Gallery

Gouda, vanuit de lucht met stadhuis RM16843 en de Grote of Sint Janskerk RM16722 foto1 2014-03-09 10.40.jpg, Town center from the sky with townhall and church (de Grote of Sint Janskerk) Gouda haven.jpg, Gracht in Gouda Gouda waaggebouw februari 2003.jpg, The ''Waag'' ( weigh house) Gouda, straatzicht op de Lange Tiendeweg met 't Kaaswinkeltje en 't Grendeltje RM16837 poging2 foto8 2017-04-30 13.13.jpg, Street view at the Lange Tiendeweg with the cheese shop ('t Kaaswinkeltje) and 't Grendeltje Gouda, molen 't Slot RM16919 langs de Hollandse IJssel IMG 0252 2021-08-05 15.16.jpg, Windmill: molen 't Slot

Notes

References

* Abels, P.H.A.M. (2002) ''Duizend jaar Gouda: een stadsgeschiedenis'' (''Thousand year Gouda: A history of the city'') Verloren, Hilversum, , in Dutch * Denslagen, W.F. and Akkerman, Chris (2001) ''Gouda'' Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg, Zeist, NL, , in Dutch * * Schouten, Jan and de Wit, Bob (1960) ''Gouda'' (translated from the Dutch by Flora van Os-Gammon) W. van Hoeve, The Hague , in English

External links

Official website for the city of Gouda
(in Dutch)
A collection of old pictures and drawings of Gouda. (A journey through the past)

Virtual Tour of St. Johns church (Sint Janskerk) Gouda
* {{Authority control Cities in the Netherlands Municipalities of South Holland Populated places in South Holland