Giang Văn Minh ( vi-hantu, 江文明, 1573 - 1638) was a Vietnamese mandarin and envoy of the

Revival Lê dynasty The Revival Lê dynasty ( 茹黎中興; Hán-Việt: 黎中興朝 ''Lê trung hưng triều''), also called the Later Lê Restoration in historiography, officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a Vietnamese dynasty that existed between ...

Biography

Giang Văn Minh has the

courtesy name A courtesy name ( zh, s=字, p=zì, l=character), also known as a style name, is an additional name bestowed upon individuals at adulthood, complementing their given name. This tradition is prevalent in the East Asian cultural sphere, particula ...

Quốc Hoa (國華),

posthumous name A posthumous name is an honorary Personal name, name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian cultural sphere, East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Malaysia and Thailand. ...

Văn Trung Tiên Sinh (文忠先生). He was born on 6 September 1573 in the village of Đường Lâm near

Sơn Tây ''Toxicodendron succedaneum'', the wax tree, Japanese Hazenoki tree (Sumac or wax tree), sơn in Vietnamese or charão in Portuguese, is a flowering plant species in the genus '' Toxicodendron'' found in Asia, although it has been planted else ...

. In 1628, he ranked third (''Thám hoa'') in the

Imperial examination The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in History of China#Imperial China, Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the Civil service#China, state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureau ...

. In 1631, he was promoted to be an officer of the Thái bộc tự.

Mission to Ming dynasty and death

In December 1637, he was appointed by the Lê Emperor as chief envoy of a diplomatic mission to the court of the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

. At the time of his mission, although the

Mạc dynasty The Mạc dynasty (; Hán-Nôm: 茹莫/ 朝莫) (1527–1677), officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a Vietnamese dynasty which ruled over a unified Vietnam between 1527 and 1540, and northern Vietnam from 1540 until 1593. The M ...

had fled to Cao Bang, the Ming still recognized both dynasties with the aim of prolonging the Lê-Mạc war. Giang Văn Minh's mission arrived in Yanjing (now Beijing) in 1638. When the audience came, the Ming court still hesitated to abolish recognition to the Mạc Dynasty. The Ming Emperor bestowed the embassy a

couplet In poetry, a couplet ( ) or distich ( ) is a pair of successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open). In a formal (closed) couplet, each of the two lines is end-stopped, implying that there ...

as follows:The bronze pillars refer to

Ma Yuan Ma Yuan may refer to: * Ma Yuan (Han dynasty) (馬援; 14 BC – 49 AD), general of the Han dynasty * Ma Yuan (painter) (馬遠; 1160–1225), painter of the Song dynasty * Ma Yuan (judge) (:zh:馬原 (政治人物), 馬原; born 1930), a former V ...

's copper columns that were erected during Ma Yuan's suppression of the Trưng Sisters' uprising, implying that the Ming Dynasty was still controlling Dai Viet. According to a 19th century genealogy of the Giang Family (

Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overseas Vietnamese, Vietnamese people living outside Vietna ...

: Giang Thị gia phả,

chữ Hán ( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...

: 江氏家譜), when faced with such arrogance, Giang Văn Minh boldly responded with the sentence: The line recalls the fact that the Vietnamese defeated various Chinese dynasties three times on the Bạch Đằng River. At that time, this couplet was considered a deep insult to the Ming Emperor, who ordered Giang Văn Minh to be killed and his belly cut open to see "how bold and daring the Annamese envoy was", then had his body embalmed with mercury and brought back to his country. When his body arrived at Thang Long Citadel, Emperor

Lê Thần Tông Lê Thần Tông (黎神宗, 19 November 1607 – 2 November 1662) was the 17th emperor of Vietnamese Later Lê dynasty. Biography Lê Thần Tông's birth name is Lê Duy Kỳ (黎維祺). He was born in 1607 and reigned in 1619–1643 following ...

and Lord

Trịnh Tráng Trịnh Tráng (chữ Hán: 鄭梉, 6 August 1577 – 28 May 1657), posthumous name: Nghị Vương (誼王), temple name: Văn Tổ (文祖) was the second lord of Trịnh ruling Dang Ngoai (known to the Europeans as Tokin) in northern Vietnam f ...

paid homage to his coffin. He was posthumously awarded the title of Left Minister of Public Works, and bestowed the sentence:

Family

Parents A parent is either the progenitor of a child or, in humans, it can refer to a caregiver or legal guardian, generally called an adoptive parent or step-parent. Parents who are progenitors are first-degree relatives and have 50% genetic meet. ...

: Giang Văn Tâm (

father A father is the male parent of a child. Besides the paternal bonds of a father to his children, the father may have a parental, legal, and social relationship with the child that carries with it certain rights and obligations. A biological fat ...

) *

Wife A wife (: wives) is a woman in a marital relationship. A woman who has separated from her partner continues to be a wife until their marriage is legally dissolved with a divorce judgment; or until death, depending on the kind of marriage. On t ...

: Đỗ Thị *

Children A child () is a human being between the stages of childbirth, birth and puberty, or between the Development of the human body, developmental period of infancy and puberty. The term may also refer to an unborn human being. In English-speaking ...

: 2

son A son is a male offspring; a boy or a man in relation to his parents. The female counterpart is a daughter. From a biological perspective, a son constitutes a first degree relative. Social issues In pre-industrial societies and some current ...

s (Giang Văn Trạch, Giang Văn Tôn) and 7

daughter A daughter is a female offspring; a girl or a woman in relation to her parents. Daughterhood is the state, condition or quality of being someone's daughter. The male counterpart is a son. Analogously the name is used in several areas to show r ...

sWorshipping house of Giang family
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References

Life of Sir Giang Văn Minh

Chùa Hoa Nghiêm và bài bi văn của ông Thám hoa Giang Văn Minh

{{DEFAULTSORT:Giang, Van Minh 1573 births 1638 deaths Military personnel from Hanoi Lê dynasty officials 17th-century Vietnamese people 17th-century diplomats Vietnamese diplomats