German Passport

A German passport (, ) is an identity document issued to nationals of Germany for the purpose of international travel. A German passport is, besides the German ID card and the German Emergency Travel Document (called " Reiseausweis als Passersatz"), the only other officially recognised document that German authorities will routinely accept as proof of identity from German citizens. Besides serving as proof of identity and presumption of German nationality, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from German consular officials abroad (or other EU members in the case that a German consular facility is absent). German passports are valid for ten years (for people aged 24 and older) or six years (for people under the age of 24) and share the standardised layout and burgundy red design with other EU passports. Every German citizen is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card, allows for free rights of movement and residence in any of the states of the European Union, European Economic Area and Switzerland.

History

The first passport regulations of what nowadays constitute the present-day territory of Germany were first enacted by the North German Confederation on 12 October 1867.

During the First World War and in the interwar period thereafter, supplementary ordinances were issued on the obligation for German citizens to possess a passport. This determined that a visa was required for entry and exit. Passports issued until the end of 1922 were only valid for one year; they could not be renewed after the introduction of the new model after 1923. The ''Bekanntmachung zur Ausführung der Paßverordnung'' as enacted on 4 June 1924 stipulated that only the new type in the form of a 15½ x 10½ cm booklet could be used. Entry and exit visas were also abolished. Such passports, which could only be issued to citizens of the Reich, were now valid for two years. The fee was set at in 1924. They could be extended for a total period of five years, by one year each. Service passports also followed this pattern. However, their covers were green instead of the otherwise used grey covers. Diplomatic and ministerial passports continued to be issued in sheet form until further notice. Identity cards, which could also be issued to foreigners who could not obtain a passport in their native countries, were regarded as a full-fledged passport replacement. Such documents were valid for one year and could be extended for another year. The fee was set at in 1924. These identity cards were also considered to be spiritual predecessors of the Nansen passport.

Between 1933 and 1936, the enactment of foreign exchange restrictions (10 marks of silver as cash) and the thousand-mark ban by the Nazi government effectively constituted exit permits.

From 1949 until 1950, the issuance of West German passports mainly fell under the authority of the Allied High Commission which governed West Germany at that time. On 1 January 1950, the German Office for Entry and Exit Affairs became the main authority for issuing West German passports, although it was still under the control of the Allied High Commission. Only on 1 February 1951 did West Germany gain full rights to issue its own passports independent of the Allied occupying forces. West German passports at that time contained a "Job Description" field of the passport holder; this was initially necessary as the Allied occupying forces reserved the right to approve West German citizens obtaining travel visas until 1955. The "Job Description" field was eliminated after a passport regulation change on 12 June 1967.

In 1980, the biggest passport scandal in the Federal Republic of Germany ( de:Passfälscherskandal) was uncovered when 19 North American ice hockey players were found to have been fraudulently issued with West German passports in order to play in the ''Eishockey-Bundesliga''.

After the reunification of Germany in 1990, residents of the former East Germany were allowed to use valid East German passports for overseas travel until 31 December 1995, after which any such passports with remaining validity were automatically deemed invalid and these people had to apply for and obtain a German passport to travel overseas.

Time of processing

Processing time for a German passport is usually four to eight weeks, but one can be issued in usually three days by using the Express service if processed before 11 am.

Physical appearance

German passports have, since 1 January 1988, followed the standard European Union passport design, with burgundy red cover and the federal eagle emblazoned in the centre of the front cover. On 23 February 2017, Germany unveiled a new passport design to be issued from 1 March 2017. The changes included moving from the previous hardcover to a flexible cover, as well as the elimination of the laminated data page in favour of a polycarbonate card. The new passport contains new security features and graphics. For example, an large depiction of the Brandenburg Gate and the federal eagle is visible under UV light, with some of the lyrics and notation of the national anthem embossed on the reverse of the data page.

The words ''Europäische Union'' (German for European Union) and ''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'' (German for Federal Republic of Germany) are inscribed above the coat of arms. The words ''"Reisepass"'' (German for ''travel passport'') and ''"Passport"'' and ''"Passeport"'' (English and French respectively, printed in a smaller font) appear below.

German passports are normally 32 pages long; a 48-page version for frequent travellers can be issued on request.

Identity Information Page

The first two pages of a German passport are security laminated and the second page includes the following data:
* Photo of passport owner
* Type of document (P = passport)
* Code for issuing country (D = Germany)
* Passport number (9 alphanumeric digits, e.g. C3JJ4789L, chosen from numerals 1–9 and letters C, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, T, V, W, X, Y, Z. The number ‘ 0’ has no longer been used since 1 November 2021 and the letter ‘ O’ is generally not used. The first character is always a letter. For passports issued before 1 November 2023, the passport number may consist only of letters in exceptional cases.)
* Surname
* Name at birth
* Given names
* Date of birth
* Sex
* Nationality Deutsch
* Place of birth
* Date of issue
* Date of expiry
* Authority that issued the passport
* Owner's signature (_______)

The page ends with a 2-line machine readable zone, according to ICAO standard 9303. The country code is not DEU as is the standard country code for Germany (according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3), but D. This is the only country/citizen code which does not consist of 3 letters. The MRZ also includes a version number (YYMM).

In November 2001, the so-called ''Identigram'' feature was added – a number of holographic security elements, including a three-dimensional eagle, a holographic copy of the holder's picture (the so-called ''Holographic Shadow Picture''), a holographic copy of the machine-readable zone, holographic microprinting, and kinematic elements.

Following page

The following page (page 1) lists:
* Residence
* Height
* Colour of eyes (in German language)
* Doctorate (since May 2024)
* Religious name or pseudonym

Languages

The data page/information page is printed in German, English, and French. The passport card cover page features the words 'European Union', 'Federal Republic of Germany', and 'Passport' in the 24 official languages of the European Union.

Required documents to apply for the passport (Adult) outside Germany

* Completed application FORM
* Two identical, biometrically compatible, recent passport photos.
* The applicant's birth certificate (notarised) with information about the exact place of birth, and one copy thereof.
* If married, divorced, or widowed, marriage certificate, divorce decree, or death certificate of your spouse, and one copy thereof.
* In case the applicant's last name in your birth certificate and in your passport is not the same, provide proof on how you changed your name. It might be necessary to make a name declaration.
* Confirmation of deregistration ("Abmeldebescheinigung") from the German place of residence if it is entered in the current passport as the place of residence, and one copy thereof.
* Valid residency permit, and one copy thereof.
* Your driver's license or a utility bill in your name as proof of legal address, and one copy thereof.
* The applicant's German doctorate certificate if they would like to have your German doctorate degree entered in your passport, and one copy thereof
* If applicable, German naturalisation document, and one copy thereof
* Passport fee
* The applicant's Family Register Extract may be needed.
* If it is the first time the applicant's apply as an adult you will need your parents' German passports or a Certificate of Nationality ''("Staatsangehörigkeitsausweis")''.

RFID chip with biometric certificate

Since 1 November 2005, German passports have had a contactless smartcard (proximity card) chip and 13.56 MHz loop antenna embedded into the front cover page, in accordance with ICAO standards. The chip and antenna are not easily visually recognisable, but their presence is indicated using the ICAO biometric passport symbol at the bottom of the front cover. It carries all the data printed in the passport, including a JPEG file of the photo, protected by a digital signature. Germany therefore became only the fifth country in the world (after Malaysia, Thailand, Sweden, and Australia) to introduce biometric passports.

On 1 November 2007, several changes were made to the passport:
* Applicants have to provide, in addition to the traditional passport data, scans of two fingerprints, which are added to the chip.
* The previously 9-digit, all-numeric, sequentially assigned serial number was replaced with a new alphanumeric pseudorandomly assigned higher-entropy serial number, to increase the entropy of the serial number from the previous 35 digits to 45 bits. This improves the cryptographic key strength of the Basic Access Control mechanism of the RFID chip by 10 bits, which makes a brute force attack approximately 1000 times more expensive.
* The validity period of passports issued to holders under the age of 24 increases from five to six years; older applicants receive a passport valid for ten years.

Different spellings of the same name within the same document

German names: German names containing umlauts (ä, ö, ü) and/or ß are spelled in the correct way in the non-machine-readable zone of the passport, but with AE, OE, UE, and/or SS in the machine-readable zone, e.g. Müller becomes MUELLER, Groß becomes GROSS, and Gößmann becomes GOESSMANN.
The transcription mentioned above is generally used for aircraft tickets etc., but sometimes (like in US visas) also simple vowels are used (MULLER, GOSSMANN), so passport, visa, and aircraft ticket may display different spellings of the same name.
The three possible spelling variants of the same name (e.g. Müller / Mueller / Muller) in different documents sometimes lead to confusion, and the use of two different spellings within the same document may give persons unfamiliar with German orthography the impression that the document is a forgery.

Non-German names: In some names of naturalised citizens, some special letters that are not available may always be replaced by simple letters, also in the non-machine-readable zone. The Bundesdruckerei which prints the German passports, uses the font ''UnicodeDoc'', so that letters such as ç and ł can be displayed at least in the non-machine-readable passport zone. In the machine-readable zone, special characters are either replaced by simple characters (e.g., é becomes E) or transcribed according to the ICAO rules (e.g., å becomes AA, ø becomes OE, etc.).

Names originally written in a non-Latin writing system may pose another problem if there are various internationally recognised transcription standards.

For example, the Russian surname Горбачёв is transcribed
:"Gorbatschow" in German,
:"Gorbachev" in English (also ICAO standard),
:"Gorbatchov" in French,
:"Gorbachov" in Spanish,
:"Gorbaczow" in Polish, and so on.

German naming law accepts umlauts and/or ß in family names as a reason for an official name change (even just the change of the spelling, e.g. from Müller to Mueller or from Weiß to Weiss is regarded as a name change).

Issuing process

German passports are issued, just like German ID cards, by local municipal registration offices. Applicants have to apply for a new passport in person and the data in newly issued passports is essentially an authenticated copy of the personal data found in locally stored registration documents. Passports are then manufactured centrally at the Bundesdruckerei in Berlin.

A German passport (32 pages, usually produced within four to eight weeks, issued to a person 24 years and older) costs €70. A passport for a person under the age of 24 which has a validity of six years costs €37.50. A 48 pages passport costs a premium of €22, express delivery (usually produced within three days) a premium of €32.

When applying at a German diplomatic mission abroad, an additional fee of €31 applies. Applying via a honorary consul incurs a further additional charge of €33.60 to 96.50 (depending on the zone level). This is intended to cover the additional costs of applying abroad.

Child's passport

A type of passport issued by Germany from 2006 to 2023 was a child passport (in German: Kinderreisepass). Unlike a regular German passport, the Kinderreisepass did not include biometric features and lacked the inscription "European Union" at the top of the front cover. The exclusion of biometric information was due to the ongoing development of infants and young children and the low security risk they pose; nevertheless, the photo used in the passport did have to comply with biometric standards. All other features were similar to those of a regular passport: the burgundy red colour and the German coat of arms printed at the centre of the front cover. Children's passports were issued for children up to twelve years of age and are valid for a period of six years. When a child reaches the age of twelve, a regular passport must be obtained for international travel.

A child passport had sixteen pages (unlike the regular's 32), of which eleven were designated for stamping and the others are used for a title page, instructions and personal information. The first page featured the words "Child's Passport" in three languages: German, English, and French.

Unlike a regular passport, the information pages in a Kinderreisepass were not security laminated (yet do have other security features) and have a different format. The information included was more or less the same, with the following differences: The type of passport was PC (Passport for children) instead of P (Passport). As in other passports, the main information page ended with a 2-line machine-readable code, according to ICAO standard 9303.

A child passport served just like any other passport, with the exception that it was not biometric (or e-Passport). As a result, travelling to the US, for example, required a tourist visa in spite of Germany's participation in the United States Visa Waiver Program. Alternatively, infants and children of any age are allowed to obtain a regular German passport (biometric) instead of a child's passport, which nevertheless had the advantages of low cost, short processing times, and being issuable by honorary consuls (making them easier to obtain by German emigrants who live far away from a German embassy or consulate). Just like provisional passports, children's passports were issued without being sent to the Bundesdruckerei GmbH in Berlin, which was the main reason behind these advantages.

By the end of 2023, the “Kinderreisepass” was abolished and replaced by a standard passport for minors and adults under age of 24 years with limited validity of six years instead of ten.

Holding a second passport

Second German passport

Germany allows its citizens ''in exceptional cases'' to hold more than one valid German passport to circumvent certain travel restrictions. One example being that some countries in the Arab League do not allow entry to passport holders of any nationality with Israeli visas or passport stamps. In extreme cases, up to 10 German passports can be held at the same time. However, these additional passports are valid for only 6 years even if the "original" passport is valid for 10 years.

Dual citizenship

The right to hold both a German passport and a foreign passport at the same time is allowed under the current German nationality law. Prior to 26 June 2024, dual citizenship was restricted to citizens from other EU countries and Switzerland; dual citizenship was also possible with other countries through special permission or if obtained at birth (for example, one German parent and one foreign parent, or if a child is born to German parents in a jus soli country such as the United States of America or Brazil). Under Article 116 par. 2 of the Basic Law (Grundgesetz), former German citizens who between January 30, 1933, and May 8, 1945, were deprived of their German citizenship on political, racial, or religious grounds may re-invoke their citizenship and the same applies to their descendants, and are permitted to hold dual (or multiple) citizenship.

These prior restrictions were lifted on 26 June 2024. Thereafter, Germans are able to naturalize in other countries without restriction and without risk to their German citizenship, with foreigners allowed to become naturalized Germans without losing their previous citizenship(s), and those born with German citizenship plus at least one other no longer having to choose which to keep in adulthood.

Children born on or after 1 January 2000 to non-German parents acquire German citizenship at birth, usually in addition to their parent's citizenship, if at least one parent had a permanent residence permit 8 years before the child's birth (reduced to 5 years from 26 June 2024). These children were previously subject to an option procedure to choose a citizenship after turning 21 years of age, but this was repealed in June 2024.

Non-EU- and non-Swiss-citizen parents born and grown up abroad usually cannot have dual citizenship themselves (but exceptions are made for citizens of countries that do not allow the renunciation of citizenship or have too expensive/difficult/humiliating renunciation procedures and for citizens whose citizenship was restored under Article 116 (2)).

Naturalized Germans can lose their German citizenship if it is found out that they got it by willful deceit/bribery/menacing/giving intentionally false or incomplete information that had been important for the naturalization process if they still possess citizenship of another country. In June 2019, it was decided to prolong the deadline from five to ten years after naturalization.

A law adopted in June 2019 allows for the revocation of German citizenship of dual citizens who have joined or supported a terror group such as the Islamic State and are at least 18 years old.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for German citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Germany. As of 9 January 2024, German citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 194 countries and territories. Ranking the German passport 1st in terms of travel freedom (tied with the passports of France, Italy, Japan, Singapore, and Spain), and tied with the greatest access of all European Union member states along with France, Italy, and Spain, according to the Henley Passport Index.

German citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.Treaty on the Function of the European Union
(consolidated version)

Gallery of German passports

File:Personalausweis-Nansenpaßvorläufer DtReich Muster 1922-4.jpg, 1922–24 German ''"Personalausweis als Paßersatz"'', primarily but not exclusively issued to stateless Russian refugees
File:1927 German Ministerialpass.jpg, 1927 German Ministerialpass issued to Dr. Fritz Norden
File:Vorläufiger fremdenpass.jpg, 1940s issued German temporary alien's passport (''"Vorläufiger Fremdenpass"'')
File:1944 issued German service passport for use by an official abroad.jpg, 1944 issued German service passport for use by an official abroad
File:Passport of Horst Frossl, aged 15, by the German consulate in Shanghai (issued on 4 May 1945) 01.png, 1945 issued German regular passport
File:1950 Allied Military Government issued German passport for stateless & undefined persons.jpg, 1950 Allied Military Government issued temporary German passport for stateless & undefined persons
File:Old German passport.jpg, Front cover of a West German passport issued in 1982
File:German passport European Community.jpg, Front cover of a machine-readable, non-biometric German passport (with "European Community" wording on top) issued from 1988 until the early-2000s
File:Reisepass.jpg, Front cover of a machine-readable, non-biometric German EU passport issued from the early-2000s until November 2005
File:Vorläufiger deutscher Reisepass - grün.jpg, Provisional German passport issued in exceptional circumstances (''"Vorläufiger Reisepass"'')
File:German Passport Refugee 2017.jpg, Refugee Convention travel document 2017
File:Biometrie reisepass deutsch.jpg, Front cover of a machine-readable, biometric German EU passport issued from 2005 until 2017

See also

* East German passport
* German identity card
* Passports of the European Union

References and notes

References

Notes

External links

Security features of the new German passport (2024)
on bmi.bund.de (German & English)

Photo sample board: Quality attributes of biometric photos for documents (2025)
on bmi.bund.de (English)

{{Passports, state=expanded

Passports by country
Identity documents of Germany
European Union passports