George Watson's College
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George Watson's College is a co-educational
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day school A day school — as opposed to a boarding school — is an educational institution where children are given instruction during the day, after which the students return to their homes. A day school has full-day programs when compared to a regular s ...
in Scotland, situated on Colinton Road, in the Merchiston area of
Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...
. It was first established as a hospital school in 1723, became a
day school A day school — as opposed to a boarding school — is an educational institution where children are given instruction during the day, after which the students return to their homes. A day school has full-day programs when compared to a regular s ...
in 1871, and was merged with its sister school George Watson's Ladies College in 1974. It is a
Merchant Company of Edinburgh The Royal Company of Merchants of the City of Edinburgh, previously known as the Merchant Company of Edinburgh is a mercantile company and Guild officially recognised in 1681, but dating back to at least 1260. The Company, or Confraternity, was ...
school and a member of the
Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC), formerly known as the Headmasters' Conference and now branded HMC (The Heads' Conference), is an association of the head teachers of 351 private fee-charging schools (both boarding schools ...
.


History


Foundation

The school was established according to the instructions of George Watson (1654–1723) who bequeathed the bulk of his fortune of £12,000 – a vast sum in 1723 – to found a school for the provision of post-primary boarding education. George Watson, since 1696, had been clerk to Sir John Dick. Unlike his father, John Watson, George was not a member of the
Merchant Company of Edinburgh The Royal Company of Merchants of the City of Edinburgh, previously known as the Merchant Company of Edinburgh is a mercantile company and Guild officially recognised in 1681, but dating back to at least 1260. The Company, or Confraternity, was ...
, but he was impressed by their co-founding and running of the Merchant Maiden Hospital (a girls school founded in 1707) and so he chose the company to implement the terms of his will to create an equivalent facility for the sons of merchants. After some years, the Governors bought land known as Heriot's Croft, located off Lauriston Place in Edinburgh, close to the Meadows and opposite
George Heriot's School George Heriot's School is a private primary and secondary day school on Lauriston Place in the Lauriston area of Edinburgh, Scotland. In the early 21st century, it has more than 1600 pupils, 155 teaching staff, and 80 non-teaching staff. It was ...
, and engaged an architect. The foundation stone was laid on 22 May 1738, and the school opened as George Watson's Hospital on
Whitsun Whitsun (also Whitsunday or Whit Sunday) is the name used in Britain, and other countries among Anglicans and Methodists, for the Christian holy day of Pentecost. It falls on the seventh Sunday after Easter and commemorates the descent of the H ...
day, 17 May 1741. The initial roll consisted of 11 boys, aged 9–10 years; by 1749 there were 30, while in 1842 pupils numbered 86, this figure being maintained until the end of the Hospital system in 1870. In accordance with Watson's will, the governors were responsible for former pupils up to the age of 25; they were helped to find apprenticeships and paid an allowance. Watson's stated preference was for allowing the hospital's charges to become skilled workers, though the governors also allowed boys who showed an ability to pursue medicine or academia.


Transatlantic slave trade

Research in 2020 revealed that there is a strong likelihood that part of George Watson's fortune was acquired in the
transatlantic slave trade The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of Slavery in Africa, enslaved African people to the Americas. European slave ships regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Pass ...
. The college states that they are "moving forward in the acknowledgement of aspects of our heritage which have previously been ignored", and have conducted discussions with parents pupils and others on the "important and troubling questions about George Watson".


Re-establishment as a day school

By the 1860s, the hospital school system had fallen into general public disrepute, while the Merchant Company was fearful both of government intervention in the schooling system. The solution was to re-found Watson's, and the three other hospitals under its governorship, as
day school A day school — as opposed to a boarding school — is an educational institution where children are given instruction during the day, after which the students return to their homes. A day school has full-day programs when compared to a regular s ...
s. In July 1868 the Company applied to Parliament for powers to re-organise their schools and make different use of their endowments so as to make education more widely available. Watson's was thus completely transformed, reopening on 26 September 1870 as a fee-paying day school with a roll of 800 boys, initially called George Watson's College Schools for Boys. In 1869, the original hospital building was sold to the
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE) was established in 1729, and is the oldest voluntary hospital in Scotland. The new buildings of 1879 were claimed to be the largest voluntary hospital in the United Kingdom, and later on, the Empire."In Com ...
. When the infirmary sought to expand in 1871, the school moved a short distance west to the former Merchant Maiden Hospital building in Archibald Place. The original hospital building was incorporated into the infirmary, and the chapel remained in use as the hospital chapel until the infirmary was itself moved away. The remains of the building were demolished in 2004 during the redevelopment of the infirmary site by the
Quartermile Quartermile is the marketing name given to the Mixed-use development, mixed use redevelopment of the former Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh site, in Lauriston, Edinburgh. It was master-planned by architect Foster + Partners and takes its name fro ...
consortium. In 1902 the college was the first prestigious Scottish secondary school to appoint a woman head. The school's staff were mainly men and there were 930 pupils. Charlotte Ainslie was an ex-pupil who had studied at Bedford College and now led George Watson's Ladies' College.Lindy Moore, ‘Ainslie, Charlotte Edith (1863–1960)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 200
accessed 11 June 2017
/ref>


1932 buildings

In the years following World War I, the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary needed to expand once more and was interested in the site then occupied by Watson's. At the same time, the Archibald Place building was cramped and in need of modernisation, as well as being distant from the school's playing fields at Myreside. In 1924 the Merchant Company announced that they had taken the decision to sell the Archibald Place building to the Infirmary. In 1927, agreement was made to acquire the site of
Merchiston Castle School Merchiston Castle School is an independent boarding school for boys in the suburb of Colinton in Edinburgh, Scotland. It has around 470 pupils and is open to boys between the ages of 7 and 18 as either boarding or day pupils; it was modelled ...
– adjacent to the Myreside playing fields – and a competition was held to design the new school building. The new building, facing Colinton Road, was designed by James B Dunn, in the neo-classical style, built in
sandstone Sandstone is a Clastic rock#Sedimentary clastic rocks, clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of grain size, sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate mineral, silicate grains, Cementation (geology), cemented together by another mineral. Sand ...
and was opened by Prince George (later Duke of Kent) on 22 September 1932. In October 1962, the school launched and appeal for £230,000 to meet the cost of building extensions. The Golden Jubilee of the creation of the 1932 buildings fell in 1982, and was marked by a number of celebrations. These culminated on 29 June with a visit from Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth. The Queen spent two hours touring the campus, including a short concert, and she unveiled a commemorative plaque.


George Watson's Ladies College

In February 1871, the Company took over the lease of Melville House in
George Square George Square () is the principal Town square, civic square in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is one of six squares in the city centre, the others being Cathedral Square, Glasgow, Cathedral Square, St Andrew's Square, Glasgow, St Andrew's ...
, Edinburgh and used it as the location of the nascent ''George Watson's College Schools for Young Ladies''. It was renamed to ''George Watson's College for Ladies'' in 1877, and to George Watson's Ladies College in 1890.


Amalgamation

In 1967, the Merchant Company announced its plan to combine the two Watson's Colleges to form a single
co-educational Mixed-sex education, also known as mixed-gender education, co-education, or coeducation (abbreviated to co-ed or coed), is a system of education where males and females are educated together. Whereas single-sex education was more common up to ...
campus in Colinton Road. Building work was required to house the combined school. The first joint assembly of the amalgamated school was held on 1 October 1974. The school found itself in the
Guinness Book of Records ''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a British reference book published annually, listi ...
as the largest co-educational school in Scotland, with a roll of over 2,400 pupils.


Notable alumni

Former pupils are referred to at the school as Watsonians. According to the
Sutton Trust The Sutton Trust is an educational Charitable organization, charity in the United Kingdom which aims to improve social mobility and address educational disadvantage. The charity was set up by educational philanthropist, Sir Peter Lampl in 1997. ...
, the school is placed first in Scotland and joint 29th in the United Kingdom for the number of the nation's leading people produced.


Notable staff

* Charlotte Ainslie – first woman head at a prestigious Scottish school. * Andrew J. G. Barclay and Alexander Yule Fraser – Maths masters, joint founders of the
Edinburgh Mathematical Society The Edinburgh Mathematical Society is a mathematical society for academics in Scotland. History The Society was founded in 1883 by a group of Edinburgh school teachers and academics, on the initiative of Alexander Yule Fraser FRSE and Andrew ...
* William Dickson (1905–1992) – Head of Science. The only schoolteacher to have been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. * Peter Pinkerton – maths master, 1903 to 1913 *
Anum Qaisar Anum Qaisar, previously Anum Qaisar-Javed (born 11 September 1992) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who served as the Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament (MP) for Airdrie and Shotts (UK Parliament constituenc ...
– MP for the SNP who taught Modern Studies. * Robert T. Skinner – taught mathematics in the school 1893 to 1899 * Liz Smith – Scottish Conservative politician and former cricketer, who taught Economics and Modern Studies. *Sir Roger Young – Headmaster of the school from 1958 to 1985, chairman of the Head Masters’ Conference in 1976 and governor of BBC Scotland from 1979 to 1984. Knighted in 1985.


References


External links


George Watson's College

George Watson's College page on Scottish Schools Online
{{authority control Private schools in Edinburgh Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference International Baccalaureate schools in Scotland Educational institutions established in 1741 Category B listed buildings in Edinburgh 1741 establishments in Scotland