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Gas separation can refer to any of a number of techniques used to separate gases, either to give multiple products or to purify a single product.


Swing adsorption techniques


Pressure swing adsorption

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) pressurizes and depressurizes a multicomponent gas around an
adsorbent Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface. This process creates a film of the ''adsorbate'' on the surface of the ''adsorbent''. This process differs from absorption, in which a ...
medium to selectively adsorb some components of a gas while leaving other components free-flowing.


Vacuum swing adsorption

Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) uses the same principle as PSA but swings between
vacuum A vacuum (: vacuums or vacua) is space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective (neuter ) meaning "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressur ...
pressures and
atmospheric pressure Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1,013. ...
. PSA and VSA techniques may be combined and are called "vacuum pressure swing adsorption" (VPSA) in this case.


Temperature swing adsorption

Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is similar to other swing adsorption techniques but cycles the temperature of the adsorbent bed-gas system instead of the gas pressure to achieve separation.


Cryogenic distillation

Cryogenic distillation is typically only used for very high volumes because of its nonlinear cost-scale relationship, which makes the process more economical at larger scales. Because of this it is typically only used for air separation.


See also

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References

{{reflist , refs= {{cite journal , last1=Hermes , first1=Santa Anna , last2=Amaro , first2=Barreto , display-authors=et al. , title=Methane/nitrogen separation through pressure swing adsorption process from nitrogen-rich streams , date=May 2016 , journal=Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification , volume=103 , pages=70-79 , doi=10.1016/j.cep.2015.11.002 {{cite book , last1 = Basu , first1 = Swapan , last2 = Debnath , first2 = Ajay , title = PowerPlant Instrumentation and Control Handbook , year = 2019 , isbn = 978-0-12-819504-8 Analytical chemistry Industrial gases Gas technologies