''For people with the surname, see Garip (surname).'' Garip movement, Garipçiler or First New Movement; is a

literary movement Literary movements are a way to divide literature into categories of similar philosophical, topical, or aesthetic features, as opposed to divisions by genre or period. Like other categorizations, literary movements provide language for comparing ...

founded by

Orhan Veli Kanık Orhan Veli Kanık or Orhan Veli (13 April 1914 – 14 November 1950) was a Turkish poet. He was one of the founders of the Garip Movement together with Oktay Rıfat and Melih Cevdet. Life Childhood and education Orhan Veli Kanık ...

Oktay Rifat Oktay is a Turkish masculine given name. It is also used as a surname. Notable people with the name are as follows: First name *Oktay Afandiyev (1926–2013), Azerbaijani historian * Oktay Delibalta (born 1985), Turkish football player * Oktay Der ...

, and

Melih Cevdet Anday Melih Cevdet Anday (13 March 1915 – 28 November 2002) was a Turkish people, Turkish writer whose poetry stands outside the traditional literary movements. He also wrote in many other genres which, over six and a half decades, included eleven ...

that rejects the established understanding in Turkish poetry and emphasizes the beauty of expression.

History

Emergence

Orhan Veli Kanık, Oktay Rifat, and Melih Cevdet Anday, who were educated at Ankara Atatürk High School, returned to

Ankara Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center ( ...

after completing their higher education in 1936, marking the trio's return to literature. The translations of Raymond Radiguet's Butterfly poem and Orhan Veli's Saksılar poem in the 101st issue of '' Varlık'' magazine, which they started publishing in 1936, are considered the first examples of this genre.

Periods of Garip Poetry

I. Period

The period in which the first examples were given with the Butterfly and Saksılar poems in 1937. During this period, there was no consensus on the principles of the movement.

Garip

It is the first poetry book published by the three poets on Orhan Veli's recommendation. The preface of the book expresses their common views on poetry and outlines the principles of the Garip movement for the first time. According to them, embellishing, concretizing, or abstracting the expression harms the meaning. The preface of the book differs between the first and second editions, showing

's changes in opinion. Some of the 61 poems published in the book were previously published in periodicals such as '' Varlık magazine.''

II. Period

This period, which started with the writing of the Garip book, ended with the trio distancing themselves from literature due to their military service.

= III. Period

= During this period, which began after the trio returned from military service, they started to act individually rather than together.

IV. Period

This period revolves around the ''Yaprak'' magazine, in which the three writers were on the editorial board. This period ended a few months after the publication of the 28th issue of the magazine when Orhan Veli died.

After the Garip Movement

The ''Mavi'' magazine, around which writers opposing the syllabic meter gathered, was started by Teoman Civelek, Ülkü Arman, Güner Sümer, and Bekir Çiftçi in 1952. Later,

Attila İlhan Attila ( or ; ), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in early 453. He was also the leader of an empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, Alans, and Gepids, among others, in Central and East ...

, Ahmet Oktay, and

Yılmaz Gruda Yılmaz Gruda (14 July 1930 – 25 July 2023) was a Turkish actor, poet, playwright, and translator. Life and career A graduate of Ankara Commerce High School, Gruda worked as a government officer and became famous in 1950s when his poems were p ...

also published their works in this magazine. These writers later adopted a movement known as Mavi movement. The Mavi movement paved the way for the Second New Movement movement.

Form

In the Garip foreword, the following views are mentioned: * The interaction between different art forms should be opposed. * Harmony in poetry can be achieved without rhythm and rhyme. * All kinds of meaning and figures of speech should be abandoned in poetry. Works were created in a manner that emphasized meaning, in reaction to syllabic meter poets, Nazım Hikmet's socialist realist political poetry, and Ahmet Haşim's pure poetry approach. They rejected the notion of poeticism. It is claimed that the movement shares many similarities with Japanese haiku poetry and that Orhan Veli encountered Eastern poetry, particularly Japanese haiku, while translating Kikaku's poems from French to Turkish. The Garipçiler are the only group in Turkish literature to adopt the

dada Dada () or Dadaism was an anti-establishment art movement that developed in 1915 in the context of the Great War and the earlier anti-art movement. Early centers for dadaism included Zürich and Berlin. Within a few years, the movement had s ...

ism movement.

References

{{Schools of poetry Turkish poetry Turkish poets