The ''Fédération d'action nationale et européenne'' (FANE) was a small

French far-right French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...

neo-Nazi Neo-Nazism comprises the post–World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazism, Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and Supremacism#Racial, racial supremacy (ofte ...

organisation founded in April 1966. It was led by Mark Fredriksen, a bank employee who became involved in activism for

French Algeria French Algeria ( until 1839, then afterwards; unofficially ; ), also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of History of Algeria, Algerian history when the country was a colony and later an integral part of France. French rule lasted until ...

after serving in the ''paras'' (paratroopers) there. FANE brought together three movements: ''Action-Occident'', the ''Cercle Charlemagne'' and the ''Comité de soutien à l'Europe réelle''.

Ideology and history

FANE activity was limited: the group had at most a hundred activists. It published a review, ''Notre Europe'', related to François Duprat's Revolutionary Nationalist Groups (GNR), and a news sheet, ''L'Immonde'', which exalted "National-Socialist and White"

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

and proclaimed the "struggle to the death against the Judeo-

materialist Materialism is a form of philosophical monism according to which matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions. According to philosophical materia ...

hydra." Members of FANE included

Luc Michel Luc Michel (14 January 1958 – 1 April 2025) was a Belgian political activist. He was the leader and founder of the Parti Communautaire National-Européen (PCN). According to research by the BBC and Logically, he was also behind Russosphere, ...

, now leader of the '' Parti communautaire national-européen'' (National European Community Party), Jacques Bastide, Michel Faci, Michel Caignet and Henri-Robert Petit, a journalist and former

collaborationist Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime. As historian Gerhard Hirschfeld says, it "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory". The term ''collaborator'' dates to the 19th ...

who had directed the newspaper '' Le Pilori'' under the

Vichy regime Vichy France (; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established as a result of the French capitulation after the defeat against ...

. The FANE maintained international contacts with the British group the League of Saint George. R. Hill & A. Bell, ''The Other Face of Terror- Inside Europe’s Neo-Nazi Network'', London: Collins, 1988, pp.186-189 The FANE rallied

Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean Louis Marie Le Pen (20 June 1928 – 7 January 2025), commonly known as Jean-Marie Le Pen (), was a French politician, lawyer and activist. He founded the far-right National Front (now National Rally) party and served as the party's presi ...

's National Front in 1974, gathered around François Duprat and Alain Renault's Revolutionary Nationalist Groups (GNR). It broke with the FN again in 1978, taking with it parts of the FNJ members (youth organization of the FN).Annuaire de l'extrême droite en France
After this brief spell in the FN, Fredriksen created the ''Faisceaux Nationalistes Européens'' (FNE) in July 1980. This group would eventually merge with the ''Mouvement national et social ethniste'' in 1987, and then with the French and European Nationalist Party (PNFE) in January 1994. The FANE was dissolved in September 1980 by a

decree A decree is a law, legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, monarch, royal figure, or other relevant Authority, authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislativ ...

of the

Council of Ministers Council of Ministers is a traditional name given to the supreme Executive (government), executive organ in some governments. It is usually equivalent to the term Cabinet (government), cabinet. The term Council of State is a similar name that also m ...

on September 30, 1980, under the third cabinet of

Raymond Barre Raymond Octave Joseph Barre (; 12 April 192425 August 2007) was a French politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three presidents ( Rey, Malfatti a ...

. Recreated, it was dissolved again on January 23, 1985, by

Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius (; born 20 August 1946) is a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party, he previously served as Prime Minister of France from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. Fabius was 37 years old when he was a ...

's government, and a third time on September 16, 1987, by

Jacques Chirac Jacques René Chirac (, ; ; 29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and 1986 to 1988, as well as Mayor of Pari ...

's government, on charges of "violent demonstrations organized by this movement, which has as one of its expressed objectives the establishment of a new

Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

regime," the "

paramilitary A paramilitary is a military that is not a part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the use of the term "paramilitary" as far back as 1934. Overview Though a paramilitary is, by definiti ...

organisation of this association and its incitations to

racial discrimination Racial discrimination is any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their Race (human categorization), race, ancestry, ethnicity, ethnic or national origin, and/or Human skin color, skin color and Hair, hair texture. Individuals ...

References

Bibliography

Pierre Milza Pierre Milza (; 16 April 193228 February 2018) was a French historian. His work focused mainly on the history of Italy, the history of Italian immigration to France and the history of fascism, of which he was a recognized specialist. He was pr ...

, ''L'Europe en chemise noire. Les extrêmes droites en Europe de 1945 à aujourd'hui'', chapitre V, « Les principaux courants d'extrême droite dans l'Europe des Trente Glorieuses », Flammarion, collection « Champs », 2002, p. 144-145 {{DEFAULTSORT:Federation D'action Nationale Et Europeenne Neo-fascist organizations in France Neo-Nazi political parties in Europe Banned far-right parties Pan-European nationalism Neo-Nazism in France 1966 establishments in France 1987 disestablishments in France

Ideology and history

See also

References

Bibliography