were officials of the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars ...

Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...

Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually '' fudai''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and no ...

.Beasley, William. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868,'' pp. 18-19. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer." This ''

bakufu , officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamak ...

'' tile identifies an official with responsibility for public works—for construction projects which involved civil engineering like land reclamation projects, for excavation of moats and canals, and for the collection of stone and the erection of castle walls. As a result of the experiences involved in castle building in the Momoyama period and early-

, Tokugawa architectural practice, such as the construction of the mausoleum complex at Nikkō, was seen as a subordinate to the massive task of wall building which was seen as an essential security measure in troubled times.Coaldrake, William H. (1996
''Architecture and Authority in Japan,'' p. 178.
/ref> This position was made permanent in 1652.

''Sakuji-bugyō'' created in 1632

In response to the perceived importance of the wall-building and moat-dredging work of the ''fushin-bugyō,'' the position of ''sakuji-bugyō'' was created in 1632 as part of an effort to tighten administrative controls over other construction activities in what had previously been an ''ad hoc'' army of builders in a diverse array of trades

List of ''fushin-bugyō''

: * Fukushima Tamemoto.Naito, Akira '' et al.'' (2003)
''Edo: the City that Became Tokyo,'' p. 26.
/ref>

Notes

References

* Beasley, William G. (1955)
''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868.''
London:

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books ...

. eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. (cloth)">RoutledgeCurzon.html" ;"title="eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon">eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. (cloth)* Coaldrake, William H. (1996
''Architecture and Authority in Japan.''
London: Routledge. (paper) * James L. McClain, James, John M. Merriman and Kaoru Ugawa, (1997)
''Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era.''
Ithaca:

Cornell University Press The Cornell University Press is the university press of Cornell University, an Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York. It is currently housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage. It was first established in 1869, maki ...

. * Naito, Akira, Kazuo Hozumi, and H. Mack Horto. (2003)
''Edo: the City that Became Tokyo.''
Tokyo:

Kodansha is a Japanese privately held publishing company headquartered in Bunkyō, Tokyo. Kodansha publishes manga magazines which include ''Nakayoshi'', ''Morning (magazine), Morning'', ''Afternoon (magazine), Afternoon'', ''Evening (magazine), Eveni ...

''Sakuji-bugyō'' created in 1632

List of ''fushin-bugyō''

See also

Notes

References

See also