The fumonisins are a group of

mycotoxin A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης , "fungus" and τοξικός , "poisonous") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals. The term 'mycotoxin' is usually rese ...

s derived from ''

Fusarium ''Fusarium'' (; ) is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the s ...

'' and their Liseola section. They have strong structural similarity to sphinganine, the backbone precursor of sphingolipids. More specifically, it can refer to: *

Fumonisin B1 Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by multiple species of ''Fusarium'' Mold (fungus), molds, such as ''Fusarium verticillioides'', which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cere ...

* Fumonisin B2 * Fumonisin B3 * Fumonisin B4 As the fumonisins appear to be non-genotoxic the possibility that they belong to another class of non-genotoxic carcinogens, the peroxisome proliferators, was investigated Genetic engineering is reported as a promising means of detoxifying mycotoxins. This approach may provide innovative solutions to the problem of fumonisin in corn. At least 15 different fumonisins have so far been reported and other minor metabolites have been identified, although most of them have not been shown to occur naturally. In 2015, a unique class of non-aminated fumonisins was reported on grapes infected with ''Aspergillus welwitschiae'', although their toxicities have not yet been established.

Other ''Fusarium'' toxins

The

trichothecene Trichothecenes constitute a large group of chemically related mycotoxins. They are produced by Fungus, fungi of the genera ''Fusarium'', ''Myrothecium'', ''Trichoderma'', ''Podostroma'', ''Trichothecium'', ''Cephalosporium'', ', ''Stachybotrys'' ...

(T-2) mycotoxins are a group of over 40 compounds produced by fungi of the genus ''

'', a common grain mold. The estrogenic metabolite,

zearalenone Zearalenone (ZEN), also known as RAL and F-2 mycotoxin, is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some ''Fusarium'' and '' Gibberella'' species. Specifically, the '' Gibberella zeae'', the fungal species where zearalenone was initially detec ...

, is also referred to as F-2 toxin.

References

{{Toxins Mycotoxins