''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

annual Annual may refer to: *Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year **Yearbook **Literary annual *Annual plant *Annual report *Annual giving *Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco *Annuals (band), a ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the family

Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family (biology), family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan dis ...

. The genus is native to

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

and

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

, most diverse in the Mediterranean region, and introduced to

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...

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and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

. ''Fumaria'' species are sometimes used in herbal medicine. ''Fumaria indica'' contains an unusual mix of

alkaloid Alkaloids are a broad class of natural product, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. Alkaloids are produced by a large varie ...

s such as fuyuziphine and alpha-

hydrastine Hydrastine is an isoquinoline alkaloid which was discovered in 1851 by Alfred P. Durand. Nitric acid induced hydrolysis of hydrastine yields hydrastinine, which was patented by Bayer as a haemostatic drug in the early 1900's. It is present in ...

. ''

Fumaria indica ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' extracts may have anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential.

Selected species

There are about 50 species: *''

Fumaria abyssinica ''Fumaria abyssinica'' is an herbaceous annual plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It grows in upland rainforest and bamboo forest, and has become a weed in local farms. Description Plan ...

'' Hammar *''

Fumaria agraria ''Fumaria agraria'' is an herbaceous annual plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to North Africa and the western Mediterranean Europe, and has been introduced to Chile, Peru, Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ec ...

'' Lag. *''

Fumaria ajmasiana ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Pau & Font Quer *''

Fumaria asepala ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Boiss. *''

Fumaria atlantica ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Coss. & Durieu ''ex'' Hausskn. *''

Fumaria ballii ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria barnolae ''Fumaria barnolae'' is a species of plant in the family Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family (biology), family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of f ...

'' Sennen & Pau *''

Fumaria bastardii ''Fumaria bastardii'', commonly, tall ramping fumitory or bastard's fumitory, is a tall (to 2 m.), many-branched herbaceous flowering plant native to Western Europe including the British Isles and the northern Mediterranean. The species is a we ...

'' Boreau *''

Fumaria berberica ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria bicolor ''Fumaria bicolor'' is a species of plant in the family Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family (biology), family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of fl ...

'' Sommier ''ex'' Nicotra *'' Fumaria bracteosa'' Pomel * ''Fumaria'' × ''burnatii'' Verg. *'' Fumaria capitata'' Lidén *'' Fumaria capreolata'' L. *''

Fumaria coccinea ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' R.T.Lowe ''ex'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria daghestanica'' Michajlova *''

Fumaria densiflora ''Fumaria densiflora'' is a species of annual herb in the family Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family (biology), family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known spec ...

'' DC. *''

Fumaria dubia ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria erostrata'' (Pugsley) Lidén *'' Fumaria faurei'' (Pugsley) M.Linden *'' Fumaria flabellata'' Gasp. * ''Fumaria'' × ''gagrica'' Michajlova *'' Fumaria gaillardotii'' Boiss. *''

'' (Hausskn.) Pugsley *''

Fumaria judaica ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Boiss. *'' Fumaria kralikii'' Jord. *''

Fumaria macrocarpa ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean reg ...

'' Parl. *'' Fumaria macrosepala'' Boiss. *'' Fumaria mairei'' Pugsley ''ex'' Maire *'' Fumaria maurorum'' Maire *''

Fumaria melillaica ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean reg ...

'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria microstachys'' Kralik ''ex'' Hausskn. *'' Fumaria mirabilis'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria montana ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual plant, annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Medi ...

'' J.A.Schmidt *''

Fumaria munbyi ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean reg ...

'' Boiss. & Reut. *''

Fumaria muralis ''Fumaria muralis'', known as common ramping-fumitory or wall fumitory, is a flowering herbaceous plant in the poppy family (Papaveraceae) native to western Europe and northwestern Africa. Description ''Fumaria muralis'' is a delicate annual pla ...

'' Sond. ''ex'' W.D.J.Koch *''

Fumaria normanii ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria occidentalis'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria officinalis ''Fumaria officinalis'', the common fumitory, drug fumitory or earth smoke, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is the most common species of the genus ''Fumaria'' in Western Europe, Western and Central Eur ...

'' L. *'' Fumaria ouezzanensis'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria parviflora'' Lam. *''

Fumaria petteri ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean reg ...

'' Rchb. *'' Fumaria platycarpa'' Lidén *''

Fumaria pugsleyana ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean reg ...

'' (Pugsley) Lidén *'' Fumaria purpurea'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria ragusina'' (Pugsley) Pugsley *'' Fumaria reuteri'' Boiss. *'' Fumaria rifana'' Lidén *''

Fumaria rostellata ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean reg ...

'' Knaf *''

Fumaria rupestris ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean re ...

'' Boiss. & Reut. *'' Fumaria schleicheri'' Soy.-Will. *'' Fumaria schrammii'' Velen. *'' Fumaria segetalis'' (Hammar) Cout. *'' Fumaria sepium'' Boiss. & Reut. *'' Fumaria skottsbergii'' Lidén *'' Fumaria vaillantii'' Loisel.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q157496 Papaveraceae genera