Fuman, Iran
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Fuman () is a city in the Central District of Fuman County in
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
's northwestern Gilan province, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Rice has been cultivated in this region for many years, where some indigenous
cultivar A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root a ...
s were conventionally bred by farmers. Fuman also produces popular cookies known as '' koluche''. Fuman's koluche is thinner and larger than its brethren in Lahijan. The city is also known for its statues, including the statue of the ancient Iranian goddess Anahita and the statue of the Four Girls.


History

From 660 to 760, Fuman functioned as the seat of the Zoroastrian Dabuyid rulers. During the period of the Mongol occupation of Iran, Fuman and Lahijan were among the main towns of Gilan. The local ruler of Fuman at that time, who was reportedly the "only Shafi'ite among the rulers of Gilan", was able to generate a large amount of revenue through lucrative silk trade. According to Hamdallah Mustawfi (died 1349), Fuman was a large city, and the center of a wealthy region which produced large quantities of "wheat, rice and silk". Fuman continued to function as the capital of the Bia-pas region (western Gilan) until 1572–1573, when ruler Jamshid Soltan made
Rasht Rasht (; ) is a city in the Central District (Rasht County), Central District of Rasht County, Gilan province, Gilan province, Iran, serving as the capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is also known as the "City of ...
the capital. From the reign of King (''
Shah Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Per ...
'') Sultan Husayn (1694–1722) to Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (1797–1834), the local rulers of Fuman were involved in a fierce rivalry with the local rulers of neighboring Shaft. John Elton, who had been prominent under Nader Shah (1736–1747), was killed in 1751 on the order of one of these rulers, Agha Jamal Fumani. In 1805, during the reign of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, Fuman was reportedly "still a small, open town with about a thousand houses and a very lively market". However, the situation changed when Hajji Mohammad Khan abandoned Fuman for Rasht during the early reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896). In the subsequent period, Fuman "fell into decay". According to Grigorii Melgunov, who visited Fuman in 1860, it was little more than a village consisting of just 140 houses surrounding the palace of the local ruler. Fuman has regained importance since the mid-20th century.


Demographics


Language, ethnicity, and religion

The majority of the inhabitants are Shia Muslims, with a minority of Sunnis present in the city. The Inhabitants of Fuman are mostly Gilaks and they speak a Fumani variety of Western Gilaki language. Linguistic composition of the city.


Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 27,763 in 7,728 households. The following census in 2011 counted 30,608 people in 9,332 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 35,841 people in 11,849 households.


Geography

Fuman is only 21 kilometres to the west-southwest of
Rasht Rasht (; ) is a city in the Central District (Rasht County), Central District of Rasht County, Gilan province, Gilan province, Iran, serving as the capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is also known as the "City of ...
, and 356 kilometres away from the national capital
Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ...
. It is situated near the foothills of the Talysh Highlands. Fuman is on the road to the historical city of Masuleh and as a result receives a sizeable number of tourists.


Sports

Football is the most popular sport in Fuman, and the city is host to Shahrdari Fuman who play in the Iranian third tier.


Notable people

* Jafar Shojouni, Shia Cleric * Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani, Shia Cleric


Gallery

Fooman cookie.jpg, Renowned thin koluche (cookies) in Fuman. Fuman Koloocheh.jpg, Fuman's koluche prior to being cooked. Fuman anahita.jpg, The statue of Anahita, an ancient Iranian goddess, in Fuman. Dff.2.jpg, The Engineering College of Fuman belongs to the
University of Tehran The University of Tehran (UT) or Tehran University (, ) is a public collegiate university in Iran, and the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as ...
. Gasht Rodkan Protected Area in Fuman County.jpg, Gasht is also located in Fuman County, near the city of Fuman.


See also


Notes


References


Sources

* * {{Fuman County, state=collapsed Populated places in Fuman County Cities in Gilan province Talysh settlements in Gilan province Gilak settlements in Gilan province