, trading as Fujifilm, or simply Fuji, is a Japanese multinational

conglomerate Conglomerate or conglomeration may refer to: * Conglomerate (company) * Conglomerate (geology) * Conglomerate (mathematics) In popular culture: * The Conglomerate (American group), a production crew and musical group founded by Busta Rhymes ** Co ...

headquartered in

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...

, Japan, operating in the realms of photography,

optics Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultra ...

, office and

medical electronics Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g., diagnostic or therapeutic). BME is also traditionally logical sciences ...

biotechnology Biotechnology is the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues for products and services. The term ''biotechnology'' was first used b ...

, and chemicals. The offerings from the company that started as a manufacturer of

photographic film Photographic film is a strip or sheet of transparent film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sizes and other characteristics of the crystals determine ...

s, which it still produces, include: document solutions,

medical imaging Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues ( physiology). Medical imaging seeks to rev ...

and diagnostics equipment, cosmetics, pharmaceutical drugs, regenerative medicine,

stem cell In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type o ...

s, biologics manufacturing, magnetic tape data storage, optical films for flat-panel displays, optical devices,

photocopier A photocopier (also called copier or copy machine, and formerly Xerox machine, the generic trademark) is a machine that makes copies of documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers u ...

s and printers,

digital camera A digital camera is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory. Most cameras produced today are digital, largely replacing those that capture images on photographic film. Digital cameras are now widely incorporated into mobile devic ...

s, color films, color paper,

photofinishing Photographic processing or photographic development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image in ...

and graphic arts equipment and materials. Fujifilm is part of the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group financial conglomerate (''

keiretsu A is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings. In the legal sense, it is a type of informal business group that are loosely organized alliances within the social world of Japan's business community. The ''ke ...

'').

History

20th century

Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. was established in 1934 as a subsidiary of Daicel with the aim of producing

s. Over the following 10 years, the company produced photographic films, motion-picture films and X-ray films. In the 1940s, Fuji Photo entered the optical glasses, lenses and equipment markets. After the Second World War, Fuji Photo diversified, penetrating the medical (X-ray diagnosis), printing, electronic imaging and magnetic materials fields. In 1962, Fuji Photo and UK-based Rank Xerox Limited (now Xerox Limited) launched

Fuji Xerox was a joint venture partnership between the Japanese photographic firm Fujifilm Holdings and the American document management company Xerox to develop, produce and sell xerographic and document-related products and services in the Asia- ...

Co., Ltd. through a joint venture. From the mid-1950s, Fuji Photo accelerated the establishment of overseas sales bases. In the 1980s, Fuji Photo expanded its production and other bases overseas, stepping up the pace of its business globalization. Meanwhile, Fuji Photo developed digital technologies for its photo-related, medical and printing businesses. As a result, it invented computed radiography (CR), which solved a number of issues of traditional radiography, resulting a decrease of radiation exposure to both technician and patient. Fujifilm's systems were marketed and sold under the

FCR FCR may refer to: Science and medicine * Fc receptor * Fire-cracked rock * Flexor carpi radialis muscle * Folin–Ciocalteu reagent *Fuji computed radiography, name of a series of computed radiography systems made by Fujifilm Sport * FCR 2001 ...

brand. Like its rival Eastman Kodak which dominated in the US, Fuji Photo enjoyed a longtime near-monopoly on camera film in Japan. By becoming one of the title sponsors of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics (an opportunity that Kodak passed on), offering cheaper camera film, and establishing a film factory in the US, Fuji gained considerable market share there, while Kodak had little success in penetrating Japan. In 1994 the vice president Juntarō Suzuki announced that the company would halt paying Sōkaiya, a type of protection racket bribe, to Yakuza. In retaliation of this he was murdered in front of his home by them. In May 1995, Kodak filed a petition with the US Commerce Department under section 301 of the Commerce Act arguing that its poor performance in the Japanese market was a direct result of unfair practices adopted by Fuji. The complaint was lodged by the US with the World Trade Organization. On January 30, 1998, the WTO announced a "sweeping rejection of Kodak's complaints" about the film market in Japan.

21st century

The new millennium witnessed the rapid spread of digital technology, and demand for photographic films plunged in line with the growing popularity of digital cameras. In response, Fuji Photo implemented management reforms aimed at drastic transformation of its business structures. Even as early as the 1980s, the company had foreseen the switch from film to digital, so "it developed a three-pronged strategy: to squeeze as much money out of the film business as possible, to prepare for the switch to digital and to develop new business lines." While both film manufacturers recognized this fundamental change, Fuji Photo adapted to this shift much more successfully than Eastman Kodak (which filed for bankruptcy in January 2012). Fuji Photo's diversification efforts also succeeded while Kodak's had failed; furthermore Kodak built up a large but barely profitable digital camera business that was undone quickly by smartphone cameras. In March 2006,

Noritsu Noritsu Koki Co., Ltd. is a holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the development and sales of audio equipment, the manufacture and sales of pen-nib components, and healthcare for medical data analysis and research. Overview Founded as ...

and Fuji announced a strategic alliance for Noritsu to manufacture all of Fuji's photofinishing hardware, such as minilabs. Each company produces its own software for the minilabs. On September 19, 2006, Fujifilm announced plans to establish a

holding company A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own shares of other companies ...

, Fujifilm Holdings Corp. Fujifilm and Fuji Xerox would become subsidiaries of the holding company. A representative of the company reconfirmed its commitment to film, which accounts for 3% of sales. On January 31, 2018, Fujifilm announced that it would acquire a 50.1% controlling stake in Xerox for US$6.1 billion, which will be amalgamated into its existing Fuji Xerox business. The deal was subsequently dropped after intervention by activist investors Carl Icahn and Darwin Deason. In late 2019, Fujifilm announced its acquisition of Xerox's 25% stake in the 57-year-old joint venture, Fuji Xerox. In December 2019, Fujifilm acquired Hitachi's diagnostic imaging business for US$1.63 billion. Amid the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, one of Fujifilm Toyama Chemical drugs, i.e. favipiravir, an antiviral commercially named Avigan, is being considered as a possible treatment for the virus, after having been approved by China, Russia, and Indonesia authorities by June 2020. In June 2020, Fujifilm announced a US$928 million investment to a

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establishe ...

-based biologics production facility, which it acquired from Biogen a year earlier for around US$890 million, to double the manufacturing capacity. A tape cartridge using

strontium Strontium is the chemical element with the symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly chemically reactive. The metal forms a dark oxide layer when it is ex ...

ferrite that could store up to 400 TB was showcased by Fujifilm in the late same month.

Subsidiaries

was a joint venture between Fujifilm and Xerox Corporation of North America. After the dissolution of their partnership in 2019, Fujifilm made it a wholly owned subsidiary. In January 2020, the corporate name change was announced, from Fuji Xerox to Fujifilm Business Innovation Corporation, effective on April 1, 2021. Fujifilm bought Sericol Ltd., a UK-based printing ink company specializing in screen, narrow web, and digital print technologies in March 2005. Fujifilm de México is a Fujifilm subsidiary in Mexico that sells Fujifilm products since 1934 and has been recognized as one of

The Best Mexican Companies ''The'' () is a grammatical Article (grammar), article in English language, English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite ...

(Las Mejores Empresas Mexicanas) from 2012 to 2015, a recognition promoted by Banamex, Deloitte México and Tecnológico de Monterrey. Fujifilm is active in pharmaceutical products and contract manufacturing through its subsidiaries including Fujifilm Toyama Chemical, Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, etc. As of July 2020, the Fujifilm Group has two operating companies, which encompass more than 300 subsidiaries in total, and three "shared services companies" under the umbrella. The group structure and a list of some Fujifilm subsidiaries are the following: * FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation ** FUJIFILM Corporation *** Fujifilm Imaging Systems **** Fuji Color Photo Center *** Fujifilm Medical *** Fujifilm Pharma *** Fujifilm RI Pharma *** Fujifilm Toyama Chemical *** Fujifilm Dimatix *** Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies *** FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics *** Fujifilm Photo Manufacturing *** Fujifilm Fine Chemicals *** Fujifilm Electronics Materials *** Fujifilm Engineering *** Fujifilm Optics *** Fujifilm Opto Materials *** Fujifilm Global Graphic Systems *** Fujifilm Computer Systems *** Fujifilm Software *** Fujifilm Techno Services *** Fujifilm Techno Products *** Fujifilm Business Supply *** Fujifilm Digital Press *** Fujifilm Media Crest *** Fujifilm Sonosite, Inc. *** Fujifilm Shizuoka *** Fujifilm Kyushu *** Fujifilm Logistics ***

Fujifilm VisualSonics FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc. (originally VisualSonics Inc.) is a biomedical company focused on the commercialization of high-frequency ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging equipment for research purposes. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Canad ...

*** Fuji Xerox Printing Systems Sales *** Fuji Xerox Information Systems *** Fuji Xerox System Service *** Fuji Xerox Interfield *** Fuji Xerox Advanced Technologies *** Fuji Xerox Manufacturing *** Fuji Xerox Service Creative *** Fuji Xerox Service Link *** Fuji Xerox Learning Institute ** FUJIFILM Business Expert Corporation ** FUJIFILM Systems Corporation ** FUJIFILM Intellectual Property Research Co., Ltd.

Products

Fujichrome R100 35mm Film Which Expired in 1972

Photographic film

* Fujifilm photographic films * Motion picture film stock. * Fujichrome color reversal (slide) films. ** Velvia: one of the most saturated and fine-grained slide films, valued by nature and landscape photographers. ** Provia: a slide film giving more natural colors than Velvia ** : a fined grained, low contrast slide film often used for studio or portrait applications ** Sensia: a low-contrast consumer slide film; the current emulsion is considered to be identical or near-identical to Astia in the professional line. ** Fortia: slide film, featuring extremely vivid color rendering suitable for flower photography and other high-saturation applications (for Japanese market). * Fujicolor color negative (print) films ** Fujicolor Pro 160S, 160C, 400H, and 800Z (formerly NPS, NPC, NPH, and NPZ): professional films with different levels of contrast ** Reala: the first film to use the fourth cyan-sensitive layer, currently sold under Superia Reala name ** Superia: intended for snapshots ** Press: Cut from the same emulsion stock as Superia, but cold stored and sold as a professional film. *Fuji Neopan Professional black & white negative film. Neopan 400 and 1600 were designed to use the same developing times, and can be developed in the same tank/machine and developer combination simultaneously. ACROS and SS do not share this feature. **

Neopan SS Neopan was originally a family of black-and-white films from Japanese manufacturer Fujifilm for both professional and amateur use. The range now only comprises one film; Neopan ACROS 100 II, a traditional silver halide black and white film ...

: ISO 100 film, most common and least expensive Neopan film **

Neopan ACROS Neopan was originally a family of black-and-white photographic film, films from Japanese manufacturer Fujifilm for both professional and amateur use. The range now only comprises one film; Neopan ACROS 100 II, a traditional silver halide b ...

: ISO 100 film, finer grain than SS but usually more expensive **

Neopan Presto Neopan was originally a family of black-and-white films from Japanese manufacturer Fujifilm for both professional and amateur use. The range now only comprises one film; Neopan ACROS 100 II, a traditional silver halide black and white film ...

: ISO 400 speed film ** Neopan Super Presto: ISO 1600 for low-light shooting or fast action * Instax instant film packs for Fujifilm's line of instant film cameras

Cameras and lenses

Fujifilm GFX series The Fujifilm GFX series of digital cameras consists of Fujifilm's professional digital cameras aimed at professional photographers. It is part of the larger range of Fujifilm's digital cameras. As of 2021, the GFX series used medium format sensor ...

cameras ( medium format sensor) *

Fujifilm X series The Fujifilm X series is a line of digital cameras produced by Fujifilm. The series encompasses fixed lens and interchangeable lens mirrorless cameras and premium compact point-and-shoot cameras aimed at consumer, enthusiast and professional ph ...

cameras (all current models

APS-C Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2 and Ø 31.15 mm field ...

; some past models featured a 2/3" sensor) * The Fujifilm FinePix series of

s including: ** Nikon F-mount compatible digital SLRs like the FinePix S5 Pro ** Compact cameras like the FinePix F-series and FinePix Z-Series, Fujifilm X100 and X100S ** Waterproof and shockproof FinePix XP-Series digital cameras * The Clear Shot series of 35mm compact cameras * Instax series of instant camera * Fotorama series of instant camera * Various rangefinder cameras, and older Fujica film cameras * Professional film cameras such as the GA645, GW670, GW690, GF670, GF670W and

Fuji GX680 The Fuji GX680 is a series of single lens reflex system cameras for medium format film produced by Fujifilm with interchangeable camera lenses and interchangeable film holders for the unusual film format 6×8 cm on 120 and 220 roll film. T ...

6x8cm medium format cameras * Fujinon camera lenses and binoculars: including the most widely used television lenses in the world

Other

Photographic paper Photographic paper is a paper coated with a light-sensitive chemical formula, like photographic film, used for making photographic prints. When photographic paper is exposed to light, it captures a latent image that is then developed to form a v ...

* Inkjet printer paper * Magnetic media, including audiotape (also includes the Axia brand) until 2009, videotape, Magnetic tape data storage and floppy disks * Optical media, such as DVDs and CDs, mostly produced by Ritek and Taiyo Yuden; some by

Philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. (), commonly shortened to Philips, is a Dutch multinational conglomerate corporation that was founded in Eindhoven in 1891. Since 1997, it has been mostly headquartered in Amsterdam, though the Benelux headquarters is ...

* Flash memory * Fujifilm X-Trans series of CMOS image sensors. * Photostimulable Phosphor Plate - X-ray film. * Base material for

LCD A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly but in ...

displays * Recording Media * Microfilm * Minilab equipments, announced in 2006 a global alliance with

Noritsu Koki Noritsu Koki Co., Ltd. is a holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the development and sales of audio equipment, the manufacture and sales of pen-nib components, and healthcare for medical data analysis and research. Overview Founded as ...

, together holding a market share of more than 80% of the global market * Digital X-Ray, digital mammography and computed radiography devices * Synapse Radiology PACS * Synapse Cardiovascular PACS * Synapse

RIS Ris may refer to the following: * Ris, Puy-de-Dôme, a commune in France * Ris, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in France * Ris, Norway * Diane Ris (1932–2013), Catholic nun, educator and author * Friedrich Ris (1867–1931), Swiss physician and ento ...

* Ultrasound systems * Endoscopy * Specialty Chemicals * Biologics contract manufacturing and development * Biomaterials * Regenerative medicine * Cosmetics (ASTALIFT series, Nanolift series) Fujifilm FinePix XP130.jpg, Fujifilm FinePix XP130 yellow camera. Fujifilm S5 pro img 1034.jpg, Fujifilm S5 Pro. Fujifilm IS Pro.jpg, Fujifilm IS Pro. Fujifilm Instax SQUARE SQ10 20 apr 2018a.jpg, Instant camera Fujifilm Instax SQUARE SQ10. Instax210wide.jpg, Instant camera Fujifilm Instax 210. Fujifilm FinePix S5500.jpg, Fujifilm FinePix S5500. Fujifilm FinePix S700.jpg, Fujifilm FinePix S700. Fujinon GF 32-64mm F4.jpg, Fujinon GF 32–64 mm F4 R LM WR lens. Fujifilm's Disposable camera Vending machine.jpg, Fujifilm products in a film vending machine in Japan. Fujica STX-1N camera.jpg, Fujifilm Fujica STX-1N. Fujifilm GFX 50S 20170402.jpg, Fujifilm GFX 50S. FC Admira Wacker Mödling vs. FC Red Bull Salzburg (Cup) 2017-04-26 (148).jpg, A Fujifilm television lens.

References

External links

* (Consumer) * (Corporate) * Wiki collection of bibliographic works on Fujifilm {{Authority control 1940s initial public offerings Chemical companies established in 1934 Chemical companies of Japan Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Consumer battery manufacturers Cosmetics companies of Japan Electronics companies established in 1934 Electronics companies of Japan Japanese brands Japanese companies established in 1934 Lens manufacturers Manufacturing companies established in 1934 Multinational companies headquartered in Japan Optics manufacturing companies Photographic film makers Photography companies of Japan Recipients of the Scientific and Technical Academy Award of Merit Technology companies established in 1934