is an urban quarter in the north of
Hamburg
Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-lar ...
,
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
in the
Hamburg-Nord
Hamburg-Nord (meaning ''Hamburg North'') is one of the seven Boroughs and quarters of Hamburg#Boroughs, boroughs of the Hamburg, Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, in northern Germany. In 2020, according to the residents registration office, the ...
district. It is known as the site of
Hamburg's international airport, and as the location of a prison which served as a
concentration camp
A concentration camp is a prison or other facility used for the internment of political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or ethnic minority groups, on the grounds of national security, or for exploitati ...
in the
Nazi
Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
system of repression. As a result of boundary changes, JVA Fuhlsbüttel prison is now in
Ohlsdorf, Hamburg
Ohlsdorf is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany. Within the quarter, the Ohlsdorf Cemetery, the largest of Hamburg, is located. The cemetery is also considered the largest rural cemetery of the world.
Geography
Ohlsdorf is bordered to the north by Hu ...
.
History
In 1871, at the declaration of the
German Reich
German ''Reich'' (, from ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German ''Volk'' ("na ...
the village of Fuhlsbüttel was given to the State of Hamburg.
Fuhlsbüttel airship base
From 1912 ''Luftschiffhafen'' (Airship Port) Fuhlsbüttel was the first hangar and headquarters of the ''Marine-Luftschiff-Abteilung'' (Naval Airship Division) of the German ''
Kaiserliche Marine
The adjective ''kaiserlich'' means "imperial" and was used in the German-speaking countries to refer to those institutions and establishments over which the ''Kaiser'' ("emperor") had immediate personal power of control.
The term was used partic ...
'' (Imperial Navy). From there and several new bases
recon missions over the North Sea and
bombing mission against England were flown during
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
.
Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp
On 4 September 1933, seven months after Hitler’s appointment as
Chancellor of Germany
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal Cabinet of Germany, government of Germany. The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Government of Germany, ...
, parts of Fuhlsbüttel prison were converted into a concentration camp. It was initially placed under the command of the
SA. Most of the inmates were
Communists
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, d ...
,
Social Democrats
Social democracy is a social, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achieving social equality. In modern practice, s ...
and other political opponents of Nazism,
Jews
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
,
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a Christian denomination that is an outgrowth of the Bible Student movement founded by Charles Taze Russell in the nineteenth century. The denomination is nontrinitarian, millenarian, and restorationist. Russell co-fou ...
,
Romani,
homosexual
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between people of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" exc ...
men and others whom the regime wanted to lock up. In 1936, the
Gestapo
The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of F ...
began running the camp, then called ''Polizeigefängnis Fuhlsbüttel'' (police prison). Over 700 people were interned in the camp following
Kristallnacht
( ) or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (, ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's (SA) and (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the Hitler Youth and German civilia ...
in 1938. Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp was referred to in common parlance as ''KolaFu'' (abbreviated from ''Konzentrationslager Fuhlsbüttel'') and became a synonym for oppression and death through hard labor. Fuhlsbüttel was often an initial point of incarceration for prisoners who were sent on to other camps such as
Buchenwald
Buchenwald (; 'beech forest') was a German Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within the Altreich (Old Reich) territori ...
,
Esterwegen, Neuengamme,
Ravensbrück or
Sachsenhausen. The camp was liberated on 3 May 1945, by which time over 250 people had been murdered there.
There is a memorial for the camp nearby.
A famous political prisoner held at the camp was First World War veteran – turned
pacifist
Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ''a ...
– Kapitänleutnant
Hellmuth von Mücke. Women were also held at the camp, including
Mary Pünjer, who was accused of lesbianism. In 1933 and1934,
Jan Valtin was held at the camp.
Geography
In 2006 according to the statistical office of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, the quarter Fuhlsbüttel has a total area of .
Climate
Fuhlsbuettel has a typical
oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen climate classification, Köppen classification represented as ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of co ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
: ''Cfb'').
Demographics
As of 2006, 11,890 people were living in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter. The population density was . 14.6% were children under the age of 18, and 20.5% were 65 years of age or older. 9.7% were immigrants. 508 people were registered as unemployed. In 1999 there were 6,768 households and 49.7% of all households were made up of individuals.
[Source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (1999)]
According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), 5,004 private vehicles were registered in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter (425 vehicles/1,000 people).
[Source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (2006)]
There were two elementary schools and one secondary school in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter and 26 physicians in private practice and five pharmacies.
Politics
These are the results of Fuhlsbüttel in the
Hamburg state election:
Transport
Fuhlsbüttel is served by the
Hamburg U-Bahn (underground) line U1, with two stations, ''Fuhlsbüttel'' and ''Fuhlsbüttel Nord'' (formerly called ''Flughafenstraße'').
Since December 2008, Fuhlsbüttel has also been served by the
Hamburg S-Bahn
The Hamburg S-Bahn is a rapid transit railway system in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Together, the S-Bahn, the Hamburg U-Bahn, the AKN Eisenbahn, AKN railway and the regional railway form the backbone of railway public transport in the city ...
S1 with the
Hamburg Airport station
Hamburg Airport (Flughafen) is a station on line S1 of the Hamburg S-Bahn, serving Hamburg's Hamburg Airport, airport in the quarter of Fuhlsbüttel in the northeast of the city. It opened in 2008. According to S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH — owner a ...
.
Notable buildings
*
St. Marien Lutheran Church
References
External links
History of Satellite Camp Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel Retrieved March 29, 2010
Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-HolsteinOffice of Statistics for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, official website. Retrieved March 29, 2010
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fuhlsbuttel
Quarters of Hamburg
Neuengamme concentration camp
Hamburg-Nord