The Freinet classification ("To organise everything") is used in the
libraries
A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location or a vir ...
of some
elementary schools
A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary e ...
, and was invented by
Célestin Freinet to facilitate the easy finding of documents, and the use of the "
Bibliothèque de Travail
A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location or a vi ...
".
The principles are simple: Everything is split into 12 major divisions. 12 subdivisions along the principles of the
Dewey Decimal system are then divided into 10, and then 10 again.
Because of its logical classifications based on
school work, this classification is seen by some educators to be more natural and more logical to students than official classifications based on organizational criteria. The last revision took place in 1984. It is still used, in addition to keywords, in IT and some data information organization systems.
[Piagetian Research: Compilation and Commentary
By Sohan Modgil, Celia Modgil
Published by NFER, 1976
, 978-0-85633-106-0]
The 12 divisions
0. Reference
* 00 General
* 01 English
Dictionaries
* 02 Dictionaries in
foreign languages
A foreign language is a language that is not an official language of, nor typically spoken in, a given country, and that native speakers from that country must usually acquire through conscious learning - be this through language lessons at schoo ...
* 03 Bilingual, trilingual, ... dictionaries
* 04 Other Dictionaries (proper names, places, ...)
* 05
Encyclopedias
An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...
* 06 Repertory, bibliographies
* 07
Reference work
A reference work is a work, such as a paper, book or periodical (or their electronic equivalents), to which one can refer for information. The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually ''referred'' to ...
s (textbooks)
1. Natural Environment
* 11 Land (
geology
Geology () is a branch of natural science concerned with Earth and other astronomical objects, the features or rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Ea ...
)
* 12 Relief
* 13 Freshwater
* 14 The oceans and seas
* 15 The climates and vegetation
* 16 Heaven (astronomy)
* 17 Nature and Life (
ecology
Ecology () is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere level. Ecology overl ...
)
2. Plants
* 21 Study of the plant
* 22 The
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...
s
* 23 The plants without flowers or seeds
* 24 The microscopic beings
3. Animals
* 30 General study of the body (in humans and animals)
* 31 The health of humans
* 32 Mammals (except humans)
* 33 Birds
* 34 Reptiles and amphibians
* 35 Fish
* 36 Insects (articulated)
* 37 Other articulated
* 38 Shellfish
* 39 Other animals
4. Other sciences
* 41 Mathematics
* 42
Physical Sciences
Physical science is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a "physical science", together called the "physical sciences".
Definition
Phy ...
* 43 Chemistry
* 44 Technology
5. Food and Agriculture
* 51 Working the earth
* 52 Cultures
* 53 Livestock
* 54 Forestry
* 55 Fishing
* 56 Hunting
* 57
Food industry
The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population. The food industry today has become highly diversified, with manufacturing ranging from small, traditional, ...
* 58 Foods
* 59 Drinks
6. Labor and Industry
* 60 General
* 61 Sources of energy and engines
* 62 Mining and quarrying
* 63 Metals
* 64
Chemical Industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials ( oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into more than 70,000 different products. T ...
* 65 Textile and clothing industry
* 66 Building industry, housing and furniture
* 67 Other Industries
7. The city and stock exchanges
* 71 The city, the municipality
* 72 Trade
* 73
Road Transport
Road transport or road transportation is a type of transport using roads. Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many countries licensing requirements and safety regulations ...
* 74 Rail transport
* 75 Inland waterway transport
* 76
Maritime Transport
Maritime transport (or ocean transport) and hydraulic effluvial transport, or more generally waterborne transport, is the transport of people ( passengers) or goods ( cargo) via waterways. Freight transport by sea has been widely used t ...
* 77
Air transportation
Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. ''Aircraft'' includes fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air craft such as hot a ...
and space
* 78 Post, Telecommunications and IT
* 79 Travel and Tourism
8. Society
* 81 People
* 82 Contracts (environmental and social issues)
* 83 Administrative organization of society
* 84 Organisation of social policy
* 85 Reports from nations
9. Culture and Recreation
* 91 Education and instructions
* 92 Languages
* 93 Literature and Philosophy
* 94 Religions
* 95
Arts & Entertainment
A&E is an American basic cable network, the flagship television property of A&E Networks. The network was originally founded in 1984 as the Arts & Entertainment Network, initially focusing on fine arts, documentaries, dramas, and educational ent ...
* 96 Sports and Games
G. Geography
* G0 The study of geography
* G1 General Geography
* G2 Geography locally and regionally
* G3 Our country
* G4 Europe
* G5 Asia
* G6 Africa
* G7 America
* G8 Oceania
* G9 The Polar World
H. History
* H1 Prehistory
* H2 The East, Greece
* H3 Rome and the
early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the M ...
(from −700 to 987)
* H4
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
(from 987 to 1492)
* H5
Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy (or Absolutism as a doctrine) is a form of monarchy in which the monarch rules in their own right or power. In an absolute monarchy, the king or queen is by no means limited and has absolute power, though a limited constituti ...
(1492 to 1789)
* H6 Struggles for Democracy (1789 to 1848)
* H7 Organization of the Republic (1848 to 1914)
* H8 Contemporary history (1914–present)
References
{{reflist
External links
Internet links based on the Freinet classification from l'École des Bruyères at Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Library cataloging and classification