Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle (28 May 1748 – 4 September 1825) was a British statesman, diplomat and author.

Life

He was the son of Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle and his second wife Isabella Byron. His mother was a daughter of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and his wife Frances Berkeley, a descendant of John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton. She was also a sister of William Byron, 5th Baron Byron and a great-aunt of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, the poet. In 1798, Carlisle was appointed guardian to Lord Byron who later lampooned him in '' English Bards and Scotch Reviewers''. During his youth Carlisle was mentored by George Selwyn and was chiefly known as a man of pleasure and fashion. He was created a Knight of the Thistle in 1767, and entered the

House of Lords The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the lower house, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. One of the oldest ext ...

in 1770. After he had reached thirty years of age, his appointment on a

Commission In-Commission or commissioning may refer to: Business and contracting * Commission (remuneration), a form of payment to an agent for services rendered ** Commission (art), the purchase or the creation of a piece of art most often on behalf of anot ...

sent out by Frederick North, Lord North, to attempt a reconciliation with the

Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies were the British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America which broke away from the British Crown in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and joined to form the United States of America. The Thirteen C ...

during the American War of Independence was received with sneers by the opposition. The failure of the embassy was not due to any incapacity on the part of the earl, but to the unpopularity of the government from which it received its authority. He was considered to have displayed so much ability that he was entrusted with the viceroyalty of

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

in 1780. The time was one of the greatest difficulty; for while the calm of the country was disturbed by the American War of Independence, it was drained of regular troops, and large bands of volunteers not under the control of the government had been formed. Nevertheless, the two years of Carlisle's rule passed in quietness and prosperity, and the institution of a national bank and other measures which he effected left permanently beneficial results upon the commerce of the island. In 1789, in the discussions as to the regency, Carlisle took a prominent part on the side of the

prince of Wales Prince of Wales (, ; ) is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the History of the English monarchy, English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Kingdom of Gwynedd, Gwynedd who, from ...

. In 1791 he opposed William Pitt the Younger's policy of resistance to the dismemberment of the

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by the

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; but on the outbreak of the French Revolution he left the opposition and vigorously maintained the cause of war. He resigned from the

Order of the Thistle The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland, who asserted that he was reviving an earlier order. The ...

and was created a Knight of the Garter in 1793. In 1815 he opposed the enactment of the Corn Laws; but from this time till his death, he took no important part in public life. Castle Howard and garden

In 1798 he was one of the syndicate who bought the

Orleans Collection The Orleans Collection was a very important collection of over 500 paintings formed by Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, mostly acquired between about 1700 and his death in 1723. Apart from the great royal-become-national collections of Europe it is ...

of paintings, which were housed in

Castle Howard Castle Howard is an English country house in Henderskelfe, North Yorkshire, north of York. A private residence, it has been the home of the Earl of Carlisle, Carlisle branch of the House of Howard, Howard family for more than 300 years. Castle ...

Family

On 22 March 1770, Frederick married Lady Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower (died 27 January 1824), daughter of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford and his wife, Lady Louisa Egerton, herself the daughter of Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater. They had ten children: *Lady Isabella Caroline Howard (1771–1848), who married John Campbell, 1st Baron Cawdor, on 27 July 1789 and had issue * George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle (17 September 1773–1848), who married and had issue *Lady Charlotte Howard (15 November 1774–1774) *Lady Susan Maria Howard (26 February 1776–1783) *Lady Louisa Howard (27 March 1778–1781) * Lady Elizabeth Howard (13 November 1780 – 29 November 1825),''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761-1786''. 10 December 1780. who married John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, on 22 April 1799 and had issue * William Howard (1781–1843), Member of Parliament *Lady Gertrude Howard (1783–1870), who married William Sloane-Stanley on 23 June 1806 and had issue *Maj. Frederick Howard (6 December 1785 – 18 June 1815),

killed in action Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action. The United States Department of Defense, for example, ...

at Waterloo, who married Frances Susan Lambton and had two sons, including Frederick John Howard * Henry Edward John Howard (1795–1868), who married and had issue The 5th Earl was also reputedly the natural father of Howard Staunton (1810–1874), an English chess master regarded as having been the world's strongest player from 1843 to 1851, according to information " gleaned" by chess historian H. J. R. Murray from various sources, although record of Staunton's birth or baptism has never been found.

Works

Carlisle was the author of some political tracts, a number of poems, and two tragedies: * ''Poems'', London, 1773 * ''The Father's Revenge'' (a tragedy in five acts), London, 1783 * ''To Sir J. Reynolds'', (verses), London, 1790 * ''A Letter to Earl FitzWilliam'', London, 1795 * ''The Crisis'', London, 1798 * ''Unite or Fall'', London, 1798 * ''The Stepmother'', (a tragedy), London, 1800 * ''The Tragedies and Poems of Frederick, Earl of Carlisle'', London, 1801 * ''Verses on the Death on Lord Nelson'', London, 1806 * ''Thoughts on the present Condition of the Stage'', London, 1808 * ''Miscellanies'', London, 1820

Notes

References

* Attributions *

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of 1748 births 1825 deaths 18th-century English dramatists and playwrights 19th-century English dramatists and playwrights 18th-century English poets 19th-century English poets *05 Frederick Knights of the Garter Knights of the Thistle Lord-lieutenants of the East Riding of Yorkshire Lords Lieutenant of Ireland Lords Privy Seal Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain Treasurers of the Household Presidents of the Board of Trade Lord Byron Ambassadors of Great Britain to the United States British people of the American Revolution