Franz "Frans" Marius Theodor de Liagre Böhl (

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

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, 16 August 1882 –

Milsbeek Milsbeek is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Gennep, and lies about 14 km southeast of Nijmegen Nijmegen ( , ; Nijmeegs: ) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and ...

Nijmegen Nijmegen ( , ; Nijmeegs: ) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the ...

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, 16 November 1976) was a Dutch professor of

Assyriology Assyriology (from Greek , ''Assyriā''; and , ''-logia''), also known as Cuneiform studies or Ancient Near East studies, is the archaeological, anthropological, historical, and linguistic study of the cultures that used cuneiform writing. The fie ...

and

Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...

is mentioned as his place of death.

is mentioned as his place of death. His father was

Eduard Böhl Eduard Model Accessories is a Czech manufacturer of plastic models and finescale model accessories. History Formed in 1989 in the city of Most, Eduard began in a rented cellar as a manufacturer of photoetched brass model components. Follo ...

(1836-1903), a well-known

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clergyman Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the ter ...

and later a professor of

Old Testament studies Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with ''Bible'' referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canon ...

at the

University of Vienna The University of Vienna (, ) is a public university, public research university in Vienna, Austria. Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Duke Rudolph IV in 1365, it is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and among the largest ...

, who had married the daughter Anna of the influential Dutch Protestant theologian Hermann Friedrich Kohlbrugge (1803-1875). His second marriage was with

Baroness Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knight ...

Jacoba Frederica "Jacqueline" van Verschuer (1846-1921), who became Franz's mother. In 1949 Franz Böhl added ''de Liagre'' to his

surname In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several give ...

Böhl, to prevent his grandmother's

birth name The birth name is the name of the person given upon their birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name or to the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a births registe ...

from becoming extinct. He married Elisabeth Henriëtte Fabius (1886-1921) in 1914 and Marie Anna Dorothea Strasburger (1905-1996) in 1933. Franz de Liagre Böhl was the father of Herman de Liagre Böhl (1943), a Dutch historian and biographer of the Dutch poet

Herman Gorter Herman Gorter (; 26 November 1864 – 15 September 1927) was a Dutch poet and council communist theoretician. He was a leading member of the Tachtigers, a highly influential group of Dutch writers who worked together in Amsterdam in the 1880 ...

(1864-1927) and of his own father.

Education

De Liagre Böhl studied

and

theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

at the

University of Leipzig Leipzig University (), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on 2 December 1409 by Frederick I, Electo ...

and the Friedrich Wilhelm University in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

and wrote two dissertations in

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

: ''Die Sprache der Amarnabriefe, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kanaanismen'' (a 1909 linguistic study, with translated title: The language of the Amarna letters, with special reference to (linguistic) Canaanisms), and ''Kanaanäer und Hebräer, Untersuchungen zur Vorgeschichte des Volkstums und der Religion Israels auf dem Boden Kanaans'' (a 1911 Licentiate

thesis A thesis (: theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.International Standard ISO 7144: D ...

, with translated title: Canaanites and Hebrews, investigations into the prehistory of the people and religion of Israel on

Canaan CanaanThe current scholarly edition of the Septuagint, Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta : id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interprets. 2. ed. / recogn. et emendavit Robert Hanhart. Stuttgart : D ...

soil).

Career

After holding a teaching position as a

Privatdozent ''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualifi ...

in Berlin, De Liagre Böhl was appointed professor of

Groningen Groningen ( , ; ; or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands. Dubbed the "capital of the north", Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of ...

, the Netherlands, in 1913, as a successor to professor F.C. van den Ham, where he continued up to 1927. His field was Hebrew and Hebrew antiquity (Dutch: Hebreeuws en Hebreeuwse oudheden). In 1925 he was rector of the

University of Groningen The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; , abbreviated as RUG) is a Public university#Continental Europe, public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen (city), Groningen, Netherlands. Founded in 1614, th ...

. De Liagre Böhl bought Felix Peiser's collection of

cuneiform Cuneiform is a Logogram, logo-Syllabary, syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. Cuneiform script ...

tablets, the start of his own collection, which he put on display in his ''Semitische Werkkamer'' (Semitic Workshop), with

antiquities Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean such as the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt, and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures such as Ancient Persia (Iran). Artifact ...

from the

Levant The Levant ( ) is the subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political term, Middle East, ''Middle East''. In its narrowest sense, which is in use toda ...

and

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Today, Mesopotamia is known as present-day Iraq and forms the eastern geographic boundary of ...

. In 1927 he was appointed professor of

(Dutch: Talen en de geschiedenis van Babylonië en Assyrië, Languages and history of Babylonia and Assyria) at

Leiden University Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a Public university, public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William the Silent, William, Prince of Orange as a Protestantism, Protestant institution, it holds the d ...

. In Leiden, Liagre Böhl lived at 17-18 Groenhovenstraat, where he also moved his Werkkamer. In the years 1926-1928 he worked as an

epigrapher Epigraphy () is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the wr ...

in the

archeological Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology ...

campaign of his father's Berlin colleague professor

Ernst Sellin Ernst Sellin (26 May 1867 in Alt Schwerin – 1 January 1946 in Epichnellen bei Eisenach) was a German Protestant theologian. Sellin studied theology and oriental languages. During 1897–1908 he taught at the Protestant faculty of theology in ...

at Tell-el-Balâta (Tell Balata), the site of the biblical town of Sichem (

Shechem Shechem ( ; , ; ), also spelled Sichem ( ; ) and other variants, was an ancient city in the southern Levant. Mentioned as a Canaanite city in the Amarna Letters, it later appears in the Hebrew Bible as the first capital of the Kingdom of Israe ...

) near

Nablus Nablus ( ; , ) is a State of Palestine, Palestinian city in the West Bank, located approximately north of Jerusalem, with a population of 156,906. Located between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, it is the capital of the Nablus Governorate and a ...

Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...

The Netherlands Institute for the Near East (NINO)

De Liagre Böhl was closely involved in the establishment of

The Netherlands Institute for the Near East The Netherlands Institute for the Near East (Dutch: ''Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten''; colloquially known by its abbreviation: NINO) is an institution for the advancement of the study of the Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, ...

(Dutch: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, NINO) by his student Arie Kampman. From 1939 to 1955 De Liagre Böhl was a director of the Institute in tandem with the

Egyptologist Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Greek , ''-logia''; ) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end ...

professor

Adriaan de Buck Adriaan de Buck (Oostkapelle, 22 September 1892 – Leiden, 28 October 1959) was an eminent Dutch Egyptologist. From 1939 he was Professor of Egyptology at Universiteit Leiden, Leiden University. Life and work De Buck read theology in Leiden ( ...

(1892-1959). After De Liagre Böhl's retirement in 1953, he remained closely involved with the institute. He had sold his collection of more than 2000 objects, including

inscriptions of the Werkkamer to NINO in 1951. This Collection De Liagre Böhl comprises the largest collection of

clay tablets In the Ancient Near East, clay tablets ( Akkadian ) were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age. Cuneiform characters were imprinted on a wet clay tablet with a stylu ...

in the Netherlands; some masterpieces are exhibited in the

Rijksmuseum van Oudheden The (English language, English: National Museum of Antiquities) is the national archaeology, archaeological museum of the Netherlands, located in Leiden. It grew out of the collection of Leiden University and still closely co-operates with ...

in Leiden.

Honours

In 1924 he became a member of the

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (, KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam. In addition to various advisory a ...

. He received several international university honorary appointments: *

University of Bonn The University of Bonn, officially the Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (), is a public research university in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the () on 18 October 1818 by Frederick Willi ...

, honorary Doctor of

Theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

, 1915 *

University of Rostock The University of Rostock () is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Se ...

, honorary staff member, 1919 *

University of Debrecen The University of Debrecen ( ) is a university located in Debrecen, Hungary. It is the oldest continuously operating institution of higher education in Hungary ever since its establishment in 1538. The university has a well established progra ...

, honorary staff member, 1939 *

Old University of Leuven The Old University of Leuven (or of Louvain) is the name historians give to the Medieval university, university, or ''studium generale'', founded in Leuven, Duchy of Brabant, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium ...

, honorary Doctor of Oriental langugages, 1947 *

Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...

Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts The Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts (, , abbr. KVAB) is an independent learned society of science and arts of the Flemish Community in Belgium. It is one of Belgium's numerous academies and traces its origin to 1772 when ...

, member, 1946.

Bibliography

Works by Frans de Liagre Böhl

De Liagre Böhl published many scholarly works, including: * ''Die Sprache der Amarnabriefe : mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kanaanismen'', Leipzig : Hinrichs, 1909. In German. * ''Kanaanäer und Hebräer : Untersuchungen zur Vorgeschichte des Volkstums und der Religion Israels auf dem Boden Kanaans'', Leipzig : Hinrichs, 1911. In German. * ''Die Juden im Urteil der griechischen und römischen Schriftsteller'', Theologisch Tijdschrift. Bd. XLVIII(1914), 371–389, 473–484. In German. * ''Ausgewählte Keilschrifttexte aus Boghaz-Köi'', Leiden : S.C. van Doesburgh, 1916. In German. * ''Het Oude Testament. Bijbelsch-kerkelijk woordenboek'', Groningen

tc. TC, T.C., Tc, Tc, tc, tC, or .tc may refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television * Theodore "T.C." Calvin, a character on the TV series '' Magnum, P.I.'' and its reboot * Tom Caron, American television host for New England Sports Netw ...

: Wolters, 1919. In Dutch. * ''De opgraving van Sichem : bericht over de voorjaarscampagne en de zomercampagne in 1926'', Zeist : Ruys, 1927. In Dutch. * ''Nieuwjaarsfeest en Koningsdag in Babylon en Israël'', inaugural lecture Leiden University, 1927. In Dutch. * ''Das Zeitalter Abrahams'', Leipzig : Hinrichs, 1930. In German. * ''Palestina in het licht der jongste opgravingen en onderzoekingen'', H.J. Paris, Amsterdam, 1931. In Dutch. * ''Die fünfzig Namen des Marduk'', 1936, Archiv für Orientforschung, 11, 1936, 191. . Also published as a book: Berlin: Weidner, 1936. In German. * ''Der babylonische Fürstenspiegel'', Leipzig : Harrassowitz ; 1937. In German. * ''Het Gilgamesj epos : nationaal heldendicht van Babylonië / vertaald it het Akkadischen toegelicht door F.M.Th. De Liagre Böhl'', 1941. In Dutch. * ''Babylonische-Assyrische letterkunde'', Utrecht : W. de Haan 943 In Dutch. * ''De zonnegod als beschermer der nooddruftigen'', Leiden, Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap Ex Oriente Lux (JEOL), Nr. 8, 1942. In Dutch. * ''Het tijdvak der Sargonieden volgens brieven uit het koninklijk archief te Ninevé'', Amsterdam : Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Letterkunde, ISSN 0168-6968 ; n.r., dl. 12, no. 8 (1949) 443–493. In Dutch. * ''King Ḫammurabi of Babylon in the setting of his time (about 1700 b.C.)'', Amsterdam : Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, Reeks: Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Letterkunde, ISSN 0168-6968 ; n.r., dl. 9, no. 10 (1946), P. 341–370. In English. * with Madelon L. Verstijnen, '' Akkadian

chrestomathy A chrestomathy ( ; from the Ancient Greek 'desire of learning', from 'useful' + 'learn') is a collection of selected literary passages (usually from a single author); a selection of literary passages from a foreign language assembled for stu ...

. Vol. 1: Selected cuneiform texts'', Leyden : Nederlandsch Archaeologisch-Philologisch Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 1947. * with Berend Gemser, ''De Psalmen'' I: salm 1-41/ door F.M.Th. Böhl. - 1946. II: salm 42-89/ door F.M.Th. Böhl. - 1947. III: salm 90-150/ door B. Gemser. - 1949, 1946–1949, Groningen

: Wolters, 3 vols. Reeks: Tekst en uitleg : praktische bijbelverklaring. I: Het Oude Testament. Psalm translations in Dutch. (Abbreviation: "T. en U.", for the series Tekst en uitleg.) * ''Missions- und Erwählungsgedanke in Alt-Israel'', Tübingen, 1950. In German. * ''Babel und Bibel'', Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap Ex Oriente Lux, no. 16 (1959-1962), Leiden, 1964. In German. * ''De psalmen : tekst en uitleg'', Nijkerk: Callenbach, 1968. In Dutch. * ''Genesis. Tekst en uitleg : praktische bijbelverklaring. I: Het Oude Testament''. In Dutch. * with Hospers, J.H., ''Gilgamesj : de elfde zang : de zondvloed en het levenskruid'', Utrecht: De Roos, 1985. In Dutch. * with Kampman, Arie A. and Beek, M.A., ''Symbolae biblicae et Mesopotamicae : Francisco Mario Theodoro de Liagre Böhl dedicatae'', Brill, 1973. In Dutch.

Festschrift In academia, a ''Festschrift'' (; plural, ''Festschriften'' ) is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during their lifetime. It generally takes the form of an edited volume, containing contributions from the h ...

with a bibliography listing 321 publications by De Liagre Böhl.

Works by others

* Liagre Böhl, Herman de, ''Bijbel en Babel : Frans de Liagre Böhl, 1882-1976'', Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2021. Biography by his son. . In Dutch.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:De Liagre Böhl, Franz Marius Theodor 1882 births 1976 deaths Academic staff of Leiden University Academic staff of the University of Groningen Dutch Assyriologists Dutch biblical scholars Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Leipzig University alumni Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Old Testament scholars