Charles Francis "Frank" O'Connor (September 22, 1897 – November 7, 1979) was an American actor, painter, and rancher and the husband of novelist

Ayn Rand Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; , 1905March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand (), was a Russian-born American writer and philosopher. She is known for her fiction and for developing a philosophical system which s ...

. Frank O'Connor performed in several films, typically as an extra, during the silent and early sound eras. While working on the set of the 1927 film '' The King of Kings'', O'Connor met Rand, and they eventually dated each other steadily. They married in 1929. When O'Connor and Rand moved to California so Rand could work on the movie adaptation of her novel ''

The Fountainhead ''The Fountainhead'' is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success. The novel's protagonist, Howard Roark, is an intransigent young architect who battles against conventional standards and refuses to com ...

'', O'Connor purchased and managed a ranch in the

San Fernando Valley The San Fernando Valley, known locally as the Valley, is an urbanized valley in Los Angeles County, Los Angeles County, California. Situated to the north of the Los Angeles Basin, it comprises a large portion of Los Angeles, the Municipal corpo ...

for several years. In addition to raising numerous flora and fauna on the ranch, he there developed the Lipstick and Halloween hybrids of ''

Delphinium ''Delphinium'' is a genus of about 300 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (biology), family Ranunculaceae, native species, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. T ...

'' and ''

Gladiolus ''Gladiolus'' (from Latin, the diminutive of ''gladius'', a sword) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural ''g ...

''. After the couple moved to New York City in 1951, he took up painting and became a member of the

Art Students League of New York The Art Students League of New York is an art school in the American Fine Arts Society in Manhattan, New York City. The Arts Students League is known for its broad appeal to both amateurs and professional artists. Although artists may study f ...

. He provided the cover art for some of Rand's published work after this time. Rand attributed to O'Connor inspiration for some of the themes and characters in her writing, and he provided the title for her novel ''

Atlas Shrugged ''Atlas Shrugged'' is a 1957 novel by Ayn Rand. It is her longest novel, the fourth and final one published during her lifetime, and the one she considered her ''magnum opus'' in the realm of fiction writing. She described the theme of ''Atlas ...

''. In 1954, Rand pressured O'Connor into assenting to her having a sexual affair with

Nathaniel Branden Nathaniel Branden (born Nathan Blumenthal; April 9, 1930 – December 3, 2014) was a Canadian Americans, Canadian–American psychotherapy, psychotherapist and writer known for his work in the psychology of self-esteem. A former associate ...

. The affair deeply troubled O'Connor and lasted until 1968. Late in his life, O'Connor struggled with excessive alcohol consumption. He died in 1979 and was buried in

Kensico Cemetery Kensico Cemetery, located in Valhalla, New York, Valhalla, Westchester County, New York was founded in 1889, when many New York City cemeteries were becoming full, and rural cemeteries were being created near the railroads that served the city ...

. After Rand died in 1982, she was buried alongside him. According to cognitive psychologist Robert L. Campbell, O'Connor "eludes" Rand's biographers. Rand said that O'Connor was an inspiration for her writing and the model for her idealized male protagonists, like Howard Roark and

John Galt John Galt () is a character in Ayn Rand's novel ''Atlas Shrugged'' (1957). Although he is not identified by name until the last third of the novel, he is the object of its often-repeated question "Who is John Galt?" and of the quest to discover ...

. Other associates of Rand and O'Connor have objected and said that Rand's claims about O'Connor's personality were inaccurate and that their marriage struggled because he was more soft-spoken and gentle than she preferred.

Biography

Early life

Charles Francis "Frank" O'Connor was born September 22, 1897, in

Lorain, Ohio Lorain () is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. It is located in Northeast Ohio on Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Black River (Ohio), Black River about west of Cleveland. It is the List of cities in Ohio, ninth-most populous city in O ...

to steelworker Dennis O'Connor and homemaker Mary Agnes O'Connor, the third of their seven children. Although raised Catholic, Frank O'Connor dropped out of his Catholic school when he was fourteen years old, and he was atheist thereafter. When he was fifteen, his mother died, and O'Connor and three brothers left Ohio to live on their own; the four of them moved to

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

, where O'Connor began an acting career. O'Connor moved to

Hollywood Hollywood usually refers to: * Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California * Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States Hollywood may also refer to: Places United States * Hollywood District (disambiguation) * Hollywood ...

, where most American film studios were by then, sometime around 1926.

Acting

In Hollywood, O'Connor worked part-time in acting, primarily as a film extra. His first Hollywood role was as a Roman legionnaire in

Cecil B. DeMille Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881January 21, 1959) was an American filmmaker and actor. Between 1914 and 1958, he made 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of American cinema and the most co ...

's '' The King of Kings'', and he first met Rand on the film's set. As an adult, O'Connor was "mesmerizingly handsome", according to cultural analyst Lisa Duggan, and Rand was smitten with O'Connor virtually at first sight. To get his attention, Rand intentionally tripped O'Connor, whereupon he apologized for stepping on her, and they shared their names with each other. O'Connor ran into Rand again at a

public library A public library is a library, most often a lending library, that is accessible by the general public and is usually funded from public sources, such as taxes. It is operated by librarians and library paraprofessionals, who are also Civil servic ...

in Hollywood, and this time they kept in touch and began courting, going to movies and having dinner with each other and with O'Connor's brothers Joe and Harry. O'Connor was most likely Rand's first kiss. Perhaps partly in order to help her obtain legal residence before her temporary visa expired, O'Connor married Rand on April 15, 1929, in the

Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...

City Hall of Justice. After marrying, O'Connor eked out a modest life with Rand, and they both worked odd jobs. Rand was, in the words of historian Jennifer Burns, "the breadwinner from the start". Soon, however, O'Connor's acting career improved, and for a few years he had regular employment in small roles for early

talkies A sound film is a Film, motion picture with synchronization, synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, bu ...

.. With his income, O'Connor also provided for Rand, including by buying her a writing desk and a typewriter. O'Connor also took the lead in decorating their apartment. O'Connor performed in several films released in 1933 and 1934, though he continued landing relatively small roles, sometimes as humorous characters; this dismayed Rand, who believed he deserved to play a romantic lead. O'Connor featured in a speaking role as Jake Canon for both the film and stage versions of ''

As Husbands Go ''As Husbands Go'' is a 1934 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Hamilton MacFadden and written by S. N. Behrman and Sonya Levien. It is based on the 1931 play ''As Husbands Go'' by Rachel Crothers. The film stars Warner Baxter, Helen ...

''. The ''Austin Daily Texan'' complimented the film's entire cast in its review, stating that "the stars and the supporting cast are discerningly chosen, fit their roles exactly, and enact them to the uttermost nuance of perfection." When Rand received a producer's offer to take her play ''

Night of January 16th ''Night of January 16th'' (sometimes advertised as ''The Night of January 16th'') is a theatrical play by Russian-born American writer Ayn Rand, inspired by the death of Swedish industrialist Ivar Kreuger. The play is set in a courtroom dur ...

'' to Broadway, she convinced O'Connor to move with her to

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

; they departed in November and arrived in December. In New York, O'Connor's career idled, and he joked that he was "Mr. Ayn Rand" as she was the breadwinner while he took care of paying bills, doing household chores, and decorating their apartments. O'Connor landed roles for

summer stock theater In American theater, summer stock theater is a theater that presents stage productions only in the summer. The name combines the season with the tradition of staging shows by a resident company, reusing stock scenery and costumes. Summer stock th ...

in Connecticut in 1936 and 1937. In August 1936, he temporarily moved to

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

to perform in ''Night of January 16th'' as Guts Regan. O'Connor returned to Connecticut in July 1937, this time accompanied by Rand, and they stayed in

Stony Creek Stony Creek may refer to the following waterways or communities: Waterways Australia * Stony Creek, a tributary of the Allyn River, in the Hunter region of New South Wales * Stony Creek, a tributary of the Brogo River, in the South Coast region ...

where he performed for several plays, including reprising his role as Guts Regan for ''Night of January 16th''. Although O'Connor was not particularly intellectual the way Rand was, he was socially adept. At social gatherings, he secretly passed Rand notes with suggestions about what to talk about, and she found his sense of

humor Humour ( Commonwealth English) or humor (American English) is the tendency of experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement. The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks, which taught that the balance of fluids i ...

hilarious. With each other, they could be silly; O'Connor nicknamed Rand "Fluffy", and she called him "Cubbyhole". After overhearing a phone conversation between Rand and

Isabel Paterson Isabel Paterson (January 22, 1886 – January 10, 1961) was a Canadian-American libertarian writer and literary critic. Historian Jim Powell has called Paterson one of the three founding mothers of American libertarianism, along with Ros ...

during the summer of 1943 in which Rand mentioned that "all the creative minds in the world oingon strike... would make a good novel", O'Connor affirmed to her "That ''would'' make a good novel." This idea eventually became ''

''.

Ranching

When Rand sold the film rights to her novel ''

'' and was called on to write the script for a movie adaptation, O'Connor moved with Rand back to California in December 1943. While they started out in a small apartment in Hollywood, O'Connor researched purchasing land in the

. O'Connor picked out a

Richard Neutra Richard Joseph Neutra ( ; 8 April 1892 – 16 April 1970) was an Austrian-American architect. Living and building for most of his career in Southern California, he came to be considered a prominent and important modernist architect. His most ...

house with thirteen acres of land in an area that later became Chatsworth, and O'Connor and Rand bought it and moved into it in 1943. "Reinventing himself as a gentleman farmer," in historian Jennifer Burns's words, O'Connor "thrived in California". He tended the San Fernando property's acres, gardens, and orchards as a working ranch. He raised peacocks, chickens, and rabbits on the property and tended flowers, fruit trees, and gardens. O'Connor developed a skill for

horticulture Horticulture (from ) is the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and mo ...

and raised alfalfa, bamboo, blackberries, chestnuts, pomegranate trees, and

gladioli ''Gladiolus'' (from Latin, the diminutive of ''gladius'', a sword) is a genus of perennial plant, perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (biology), family (Iridaceae). It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually cal ...

; he earned some money selling alfalfa and extra produce, and after learning flower arranging he sold gladiolas to hotels in Los Angeles. By breeding

delphinium ''Delphinium'' is a genus of about 300 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (biology), family Ranunculaceae, native species, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. T ...

s and gladiolas in a greenhouse, he created two new hybrids: Lipstick and Halloween. O'Connor once joked to a friend that his activity was "Not the sort of thing Howard Roark would do!" He tended the property with great satisfaction and happiness. The August 1949 edition of '' House and Garden'' featured the San Fernando Valley ranch, along with O'Connor and Rand, calling it "a steel house with a suave finish". ''House and Garden'' complimented the property's " ssed evergreens" which gave "depth and shade" to the house's

porte-cochère A porte-cochère (; ; ; ) is a doorway to a building or courtyard, "often very grand," through which vehicles can enter from the street or a covered porch-like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building through which originally a ...

, the "arresting pattern" of philodendron above the living room fireplace, and the "enrich ng effect of colorful gladiolus. O'Connor managed the ranch from 1944 to 1951.. In 1950, O'Connor and Rand became acquainted with Nathaniel Blumenthal (later Branden) and Barbara Weidman, whom the O'Connors took to calling "the children". When Branden and Weidman moved to New York City for graduate university studies, Rand, missing Branden who had become an important intellectual disciple and emotional connection, pressed O'Connor to join her in moving back to New York to be near Branden and Weidman, despite how happy the ranching life made him. O'Connor made the cross-country trip with Rand to New York City in 1951. According to friend Ruth Hill, Rand told O'Connor that the New York move would be temporary and they would return to the ranch (O'Connor even asked the Hills to take care of his flowers until he was back) but that Rand never actually planned on doing so. They never returned to California, and eventually sold the Chatsworth property in 1962.

Painting

In New York City, O'Connor obtained part-time work as a florist, making flower arrangements for hotels. He also took up visual art with what archivist

Jeff Britting Jeff Britting (born 1957) is an American composer, playwright, author, and producer. His credits include associate-producing the 1997 Academy Award Nominee for Best Documentary '' Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life'' with director Michael Paxton, for wh ...

calls "serious interest", drawing sketches and painting people, urban landscapes and floral still lifes. Some observers thought O'Connor was a talented artist, albeit unrefined and untrained. He became a member of the

, and Ilona Royce Smithkin mentored him. His "most important artwork", according to cognitive psychologist Robert L. Campbell, was a portrait of Ayn Rand he painted in 1961. When O'Connor had his own painting studio in the 1960s, Rand sometimes liked to visit his studio to watch him paint; he generally appreciated her attention, though a guest observed that "the only time I ever saw him 'Connorlose his temper" was on an occasion when Rand pressed with a criticism and O'Connor insisted she "leave imalone". Branden and Weidman married in 1953, and O'Connor attended the wedding as Branden's

best man A groomsman or usher is one of the male attendants to the groom in a wedding ceremony. Usually, the groom selects close friends and relatives to serve as groomsmen, and it is considered an honor to be selected. From his groomsmen, the groom usuall ...

. As a wedding gift, O'Connor filled the Brandens' new studio apartment with flowers of his arrangement. In September 1954, Rand and Nathaniel Branden told O'Connor and Barbara Branden that they had

fallen in love ''Fallen In Love'' is a novel written by Lauren Kate and was published on January 24, 2012. This book is a young adult fiction novel based on the characters from that author's most notable series, Fallen. Synopsis The author takes the characte ...

with each other. Rand and Branden asked that their respective spouses give the two of them time with each other for a romantic but nonsexual relationship; during the conversation, Barbara Branden and O'Connor briefly objected, both raising their voices and saying, "I won't be part of this", but Rand eventually secured their agreement, Barbara Branden recalling that Rand could "spin out a deductive chain from which you just couldn't escape". In November, Rand and Branden invoked Rand's value theory of

sexuality Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually. This involves biological, psychological, physical, erotic, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Because it is a broad term, which has varied ...

to insist that their spouses also give them permission to escalate the

affair An affair is a relationship typically between two people, one or both of whom are either married or in a long-term Monogamy, monogamous or emotionally-exclusive relationship with someone else. The affair can be solely sexual, solely physical or ...

to a

sexual relationship An intimate relationship is an interpersonal relationship that involves emotional or physical closeness between people and may include sexual intimacy and feelings of Romance (love), romance or love. Intimate relationships are Interdependence ...

. O'Connor assented, and he vacated the apartment twice a week for Rand and Branden, often going to a

bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar ** Chocolate bar * Protein bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a laye ...

. There is no known written record by O'Connor of his thoughts on Rand's relationship with Branden, and he only ever discussed it with Rand and the Brandens. Historian Jennifer Burns concludes that of all those involved in the affair, O'Connor may have been "the hardest hit" emotionally. In 1956, while Rand was writing a novel she up to that point tentatively titled ''The Strike'', O'Connor suggested that she rename it ''Atlas Shrugged'', a phrase which had up to then only been the title of a chapter in the book. Rand adopted ''Atlas Shrugged'' as the novel's title. She later averred, "When I couldn't think of a title for one of my novels, he did. He told the whole story in two words". When a circle of Rand's associates threw a party to celebrate ''Atlas Shrugged'''s publication, O'Connor put together flower arrangements for the event. O'Connor oil painted ''Man Also Rises'', which Rand reported was his depiction of a sunset they saw in

San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...

. A reproduction of ''Man Also Rises'' was used as the cover art for the 1968 twenty-fifth anniversary edition of ''The Fountainhead''; Rand dubbed it "the proper climax of the book's history". O'Connor increased his time and attention spent on painting in the 1960s. The Art Students League was a rare respite in his life, and he wanted to be known there as himself rather than only as Ayn Rand's husband. He eventually won a seat on the league's Board of Control.

Later life

As O'Connor aged, his health declined. A surgery temporarily staved off painful contractions in his hands' tendons in the late 1960s, but the difficulty recurred in 1968, and he withdrew from the Art Students League and resigned from its Board of Control. The Brandens reported often finding him drinking alcohol as Rand pulled him into her increasingly contentious social world, including by having O'Connor be present for difficult conversations between Rand and Nathaniel Branden during the waning period of their affair, before she broke it off in 1968 after learning that Branden was having another affair with a different, younger woman. O'Connor continued accompanying Rand. He gave her a ring with forty rubies to celebrate their fortieth wedding anniversary in 1969. In 1974, he was a guest, with Rand, to the swearing in of

Alan Greenspan Alan Greenspan (born March 6, 1926) is an American economist who served as the 13th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006. He worked as a private adviser and provided consulting for firms through his company, Greenspan Associates L ...

(one of Rand's former acolytes in

Objectivism Objectivism is a philosophical system named and developed by Russian-American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand. She described it as "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive a ...

) to the

Council of Economic Advisers The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a United States agency within the Executive Office of the President established in 1946, which advises the president of the United States on economic policy. The CEA provides much of the empirical resea ...

. In the late 1970s, O'Connor's health worsened further. He mentally declined, fell victim to alcoholism, and eventually became homebound. Sometimes, he could not recognize people; sometimes he refused to eat and was "terribly frightened" when Rand tried to force him. He still retained his habit of standing when a woman entered the room. O'Connor died on November 7, 1979, at

New York Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center (; previously known as New York Hospital, Old New York Hospital, and City Hospital) is a research hospital in New York City. It is the teaching hospital for Cornell University's medical school and is part of NewYork-P ...

. He was buried in

Valhalla, New York Valhalla ( ) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the town of Mount Pleasant, in Westchester County, New York, United States, in the New York City metropolitan area. Its population was 3,162 at the 2010 U.S. Census. The name wa ...

. When Rand died a few years later, in 1982, she was buried in Kensico next to O'Connor.

Personality

Campbell observes that "on the personal side, it is Frank O'Connor who still eludes every biographer" of Rand.. Rand called O'Connor her "top value", and she said he was the model for her fictional protagonists and "as near to" being ''Fountainhead'' protagonist Howard Roark as "anyone I know".; . Others who knew O'Connor aver that Rand mischaracterized O'Connor and that in reality while he was witty, kind, and chivalrous, he was emotionally restrained and very passive. Literary scholar Mimi Gladstein summarizes, "there is not much public evidence to corroborate Rand's" claims about O'Connor. Robert Sheaffer concludes that O'Connor "was a very generous and decent man" but "was no John Galt". Unlike Rand, O'Connor had little interest in books or the ideas she enjoyed thinking about, and he was kind and insisted on politeness. An acquaintance later reported that during their time in the San Fernando Valley, Rand actually considered divorcing him out of frustration with his lack of intellectuality and sexual drive. Despite this tension between them and despite his melancholy, O'Connor consistently supported Rand and never left her.

Legacy

The Passion of Ayn Rand ''The Passion of Ayn Rand'' is a biography of Ayn Rand by writer and lecturer Barbara Branden, a former friend and business associate. Published by Doubleday in 1986, it was the first full-length biography of Rand and the basis for the 1999 fil ...

'', a 1999

biopic A biographical film or biopic () is a film that dramatizes the life of an actual person or group of people. Such films show the life of a historical person and the central character's real name is used. They differ from docudrama films and histo ...

directed by

Christopher Menaul Christopher Menaul (born 25 July 1944) is a British film, television director and television writer. Since the late 1970s, Menaul has amassed credits in episodic television and by directing television films. Filmography Film *'' Feast of July' ...

and based on the 1986 biography of the same name by Barbara Branden, depicts O'Connor as an unintellectual, gentle man whom Rand becomes frustrated with for not fulfilling her erotic ideal of an aggressive, dominant partner.

Peter Fonda Peter Henry Fonda (February 23, 1940 – August 16, 2019) was an American actor, film director, and screenwriter. He was a two-time Academy Award nominee, both for acting and screenwriting, and a two-time Golden Globe Award winner for his a ...

performs in the role of O'Connor. Writing for ''

Variety Variety may refer to: Arts and entertainment Entertainment formats * Variety (radio) * Variety show, in theater and television Films * ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont * ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...

'', reviewer David Kronke observed that Fonda lends "an air of

Quaalude Methaqualone is a hypnotic sedative. It was sold under the brand names Quaalude ( ) and Sopor among others, which contained 300 mg of methaqualone, and sold as a combination drug under the brand name Mandrax, which contained 250 mg me ...

dependency" to his depiction of O'Connor through acting with a "droopy and curious turn". ''

New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...

'' reviewer Ron Wertheimer criticized the film as "pretty muddled" but praised Fonda's performance, writing that "only Peter Fonda, as Rand's pathetic husband, Frank O'Connor, is really worth watching" and that "Fonda can't save" the movie but does "make it more interesting". For his performance as O'Connor, Fonda received the 2000 Golden Globe Award for best supporting actor in a series, miniseries, or film made for television. A 2016 Atlas Society article observed that although there were several people with the name ''Frank O'Connor'' who were documented in biographical

Wikipedia Wikipedia is a free content, free Online content, online encyclopedia that is written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki. Founded by Jimmy Wales and La ...

articles, at the time O'Connor was not among them. According to Campbell in a 2013 review essay, "Ayn Rand too often spoke for" O'Connor when they were alive, and since their deaths, followers of Rand's teachings have been "keen on reducing him to a cipher" for their own purposes; O'Connor is "poorly known" despite "his character" and "the support he provided to Rand"..

Filmography

Much of O'Connor's acting work was as a film extra, sometimes with unnamed or uncredited roles. This list may be nonexhaustive because whether or not O'Connor appeared in later films is unclear due to the emergence of another actor named

Frank O'Connor Frank O'Connor (born Michael Francis O'Donovan; 17 September 1903 – 10 March 1966) was an Irish author and translator. He wrote poetry (original and translations from Irish), dramatic works, memoirs, journalistic columns and features on as ...

. accepts Hayes's list.

Notes

Citations

References

* . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

External links

Front cover of the twenty-fifth anniversary edition of ''The Fountainhead'', with O'Connor's ''Man Also Rises'' visible
hosted by the

Jewish Women's Archive The Jewish Women's Archive (JWA) is a national non-profit organization whose mission is to document "Jewish women's stories, elevate their voices, and inspire them to be agents of change." JWA was founded by Gail Twersky Reimer in 1995 in Brook ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:OConnor, Frank 1897 births 1979 deaths 20th-century American actors 20th-century American painters Actors from Ohio American ranchers Articles containing video clips Art Students League of New York alumni Ayn Rand Painters from Ohio People from Lorain, Ohio