Frank Herbert

Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr. (October 8, 1920February 11, 1986) was an American science fiction author best known for the 1965 novel ''Dune'' and its five sequels. Though he became famous for his novels, he also wrote short stories and worked as a newspaper journalist, photographer, book reviewer, ecological consultant, and lecturer.

The ''Dune'' saga, set in the distant future, and taking place over millennia, explores complex themes, such as the long-term survival of the human species, human evolution, planetary science and ecology, and the intersection of religion, politics, economics and power in a future where humanity has long since developed interstellar travel and settled many thousands of worlds. ''Dune'' is the best-selling science fiction novel of all time, and the entire series is considered to be among the classics of the genre.

Biography

Early life

Frank Patrick Herbert Jr. was born on October 8, 1920, in Tacoma, Washington, to Frank Patrick Herbert Sr. and Eileen (née McCarthy) Herbert. His rural upbringing involved spending a lot of his youth on the Olympic and Kitsap Peninsulas. He was fascinated by books and could read much of the newspaper before the age of five, had an excellent memory, and learned things quickly. He had an early interest in photography, and bought a Kodak box camera at age ten, a new folding camera in his early teens, and a color film camera in the mid-1930s. Because of an impoverished home environment, largely due to the Great Depression, he left home in 1938 to live with an aunt and uncle in Salem, Oregon. erbert, Brian. Dreamer of Dune : The Biography of Frank Herbert. New York: Tor Books, 2003. Chapter 2. He enrolled in high school at Salem High School (now North Salem High School), where he graduated the next year. In 1939 he lied about his age to get his first newspaper job at the ''Glendale Star''. Herbert then returned to Salem in 1940 where he worked for the ''Oregon Statesman'' newspaper (now '' Statesman Journal'') in a variety of positions, including photographer.

Herbert married Flora Lillian Parkinson in San Pedro, California, in 1941. They had one daughter, Penelope (b. February 16, 1942), and divorced in 1943.Oregon Center For Health Statistics; Portland, Oregon, USA; ''Oregon, Divorce Records, 1925-1945''; Document no. 30939 During 1942, after the U.S. entry into World War II, he served in the Navy's Seabees for six months as a photographer, but suffered an accidental head injury and was given a medical discharge. Herbert subsequently moved to Portland, Oregon where he reported for '' The Oregon Journal''.

After the war, Herbert attended the University of Washington, where he met Beverly Ann Stuart at a creative writing class in 1946. They were the only students who had sold any work for publication; Herbert had sold two pulp adventure stories to magazines, the first to ''Esquire'' in 1945, and Stuart had sold a story to ''Modern Romance'' magazine. They married in Seattle, Washington on June 20, 1946, and had two sons, Brian Patrick Herbert (b. June 29, 1947, Seattle, Washington) and Bruce Calvin Herbert (b. June 26, 1951, Santa Rosa, California d. June 15, 1993, San Rafael, California, a professional photographer and gay rights activist).

In 1949 Herbert and his wife moved to California to work on the Santa Rosa ''Press-Democrat''. Here they befriended the psychologists Ralph and Irene Slattery. The Slatterys introduced Herbert to the work of several thinkers who would influence his writing, including Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger; they also familiarized Herbert with Zen Buddhism.

Herbert never graduated from university. According to his son Brian, he wanted to study only what interested him and so did not complete the required curriculum. He returned to journalism and worked at the '' Seattle Star'' and the '' Oregon Statesman''. He was a writer and editor for the ''San Francisco Examiner'' ''California Living'' magazine for a decade.

In a 1973 interview, Herbert stated that he had been reading science fiction "about ten years" before he began writing in the genre, and he listed his favorite authors as H. G. Wells, Robert A. Heinlein, Poul Anderson and Jack Vance."Well, I did read some Heinlein. I shouldn't really tie it down to ten years because I had read H. G. Wells. I'd read Vance, Jack Vance, and I became acquainted with Jack Vance about that time ... I read Poul Anderson." with Frank Herbert, by Paul Turner. October 1973 Volume 1, Issue 4.

Herbert's first science fiction story, "Looking for Something", was published in the April 1952 issue of ''Startling Stories'', then a monthly edited by Samuel Mines. Three more of his stories appeared in 1954 issues of ''Astounding Science Fiction'' and '' Amazing Stories''. His career as a novelist began in 1955 with the serial publication of ''Under Pressure'' in ''Astounding'' from November 1955; afterward it was issued as a book by Doubleday titled ''The Dragon in the Sea''. The story explored sanity and madness in the environment of a 21st-century submarine and predicted worldwide conflicts over oil consumption and production.Gina Macdonald, "Herbert, Frank (Patrick)", in '' Twentieth-Century Science-Fiction Writers'' by Curtis C. Smith. St. James Press, 1986, (p. 331–334). It was a critical success but not a major commercial one. During this time Herbert also worked as a speechwriter for Republican senator Guy Cordon.

''Dune''

Herbert began researching ''Dune'' in 1959. He was able to devote himself wholeheartedly to his writing career because his wife returned to work full-time as an advertising writer for department stores, becoming the breadwinner during the 1960s. The novel ''Dune'' was published in 1965, which spearheaded the ''Dune'' franchise. He later told Willis E. McNelly that the novel originated when he was assigned to write a magazine article about sand dunes in the Oregon Dunes near Florence, Oregon. He got overinvolved and ended up with far more raw material than needed for an article. The article was never written, but it planted the seed that led to ''Dune''. Another significant source of inspiration for ''Dune'' was Herbert's experiences with psilocybin and his hobby of cultivating mushrooms, according to mycologist Paul Stamets's account.

''Dune'' took six years of research and writing to complete and was much longer than other commercial science fiction of the time. ''Analog'' (the renamed ''Astounding'', still edited by John W. Campbell) published it in two parts comprising eight installments, "Dune World" from December 1963 and "Prophet of Dune" in 1965. It was then rejected by nearly twenty book publishers. One editor prophetically wrote, "I might be making the mistake of the decade, but..."

Sterling E. Lanier, an editor of Chilton Book Company (known mainly for its auto-repair manuals) had read the Dune serials and offered a $7,500 advance plus future royalties for the rights to publish them as a hardcover book. Herbert rewrote much of his text. ''Dune'' was soon a critical success. It won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1965 and shared the Hugo Award in 1966 with '' ...And Call Me Conrad'' by Roger Zelazny.

''Dune'' was not an immediate bestseller. By 1968 Herbert had made $20,000 from it, far more than most science fiction novels of the time were generating, but not enough to let him take up full-time writing. However, the publication of ''Dune'' did open doors for him. He was the '' Seattle Post-Intelligencer'' education writer from 1969 to 1972 and lecturer in general studies and interdisciplinary studies at the University of Washington (1970–1972). He worked in Vietnam and Pakistan as a social and ecological consultant in 1972. In 1973 he was director-photographer of the television show ''The Tillers''.

By the end of 1972, Herbert had retired from newspaper writing and became a full-time fiction writer. During the 1970s and 1980s, he enjoyed considerable commercial success as an author. He divided his time between homes in Hawaii and Washington's Olympic Peninsula; his home in Port Townsend on the peninsula was intended to be an "ecological demonstration project".
During this time he wrote numerous books and pushed ecological and philosophical ideas. He continued his ''Dune'' saga with '' Dune Messiah'' (1969), '' Children of Dune'' (1976), '' God Emperor of Dune'' (1981), ''Heretics of Dune'' (1984) and '' Chapterhouse: Dune'' (1985). Herbert planned to write a seventh novel to conclude the series, but his death in 1986 left storylines unresolved.

Other works by Herbert include '' The Godmakers'' (1972), ''The Dosadi Experiment'' (1977), '' The White Plague'' (1982) and the books he wrote in partnership with Bill Ransom: '' The Jesus Incident'' (1979), '' The Lazarus Effect'' (1983) and '' The Ascension Factor'' (1988), which were sequels to Herbert's 1966 novel '' Destination: Void''. He also helped launch the career of Terry Brooks with a very positive review of Brooks' first novel, '' The Sword of Shannara'', in 1977.

Success, family changes, and death

Herbert's change in fortune was shadowed by tragedy. In 1974, his wife Beverly underwent an operation for cancer. She lived ten more years, but her health was adversely affected by the surgery. During this period, Herbert was the featured speaker at the Octocon II science fiction convention held at the El Rancho Tropicana in Santa Rosa, California, in October 1978. In 1979, he met anthropologist James Funaro with whom he conceived the Contact Conference. Beverly Herbert died on February 7, 1984.Washington State Archives; Olympia, Washington; ''Washington Death Index, 1940-1959, 1965-2017''; Certificate no. 090281. Herbert completed and published ''Heretics of Dune'' that year. In his afterword to 1985's '' Chapterhouse: Dune'', Herbert included a dedication to Beverly.

In 1983, British heavy metal band Iron Maiden requested permission from Herbert's publisher to name a song on their album '' Piece of Mind'' after ''Dune'', but were told that the author had a strong distaste for their style of music. They instead titled the song "To Tame a Land".

1984 was a tumultuous year in Herbert's life. During this same year of his wife's death, his career took off with the release of David Lynch's film version of ''Dune''. Despite high expectations, a big-budget production design and an A-list cast, the movie drew mostly poor reviews in the United States. However, despite a disappointing response in the US, the film was a critical and commercial success in Europe and Japan.

In 1985, after Beverly's death, Herbert married his former Putnam representative Theresa Shackleford. The same year he published ''Chapterhouse: Dune'', which tied up many of the saga's story threads. This would be Herbert's final single work (the collection ''Eye'' was published that year, and ''Man of Two Worlds'' was published in 1986). He died of a massive pulmonary embolism while recovering from surgery for pancreatic cancer on February 11, 1986, in Madison, Wisconsin, age 65.

Criticism of government

Herbert was a strong critic of the Soviet Union. He was a distant relative of the Republican senator Joseph McCarthy, whom he referred to as "Cousin Joe". However, he was appalled to learn of McCarthy's blacklisting of suspected communists from working in certain careers and believed that he was endangering essential freedoms of citizens of the United States. Herbert believed that governments lie to protect themselves and that, following the Watergate scandal, President Richard Nixon had unwittingly taught an important lesson in not trusting government. Herbert also opposed American involvement in the war in Vietnam.

In ''Chapterhouse: Dune'', he wrote:

Ideas and themes

Frank Herbert used his science fiction novels to explore complex ideas involving philosophy, religion, psychology, politics and ecology. The underlying thrust of his work was a fascination with the question of human survival and evolution. Herbert has attracted a sometimes fanatical fan base, many of whom have tried to read everything he wrote, fiction or non-fiction, and see Herbert as something of an authority on the subject matters of his books. Indeed, such was the devotion of some of his readers that Herbert was at times asked if he was founding a cult, something he was very much against.

There are a number of key themes in Herbert's work:
* A concern with leadership. He explored the human tendency to slavishly follow charismatic leaders. He delved into both the flaws and potentials of bureaucracy and government.
* Herbert was among the first science fiction authors to popularize ideas about ecology and systems thinking. He stressed the need for humans to think both systematically and long-term.
* The relationship between religion, politics and power.
* Human survival and evolution: Herbert writes of the Fremen, the Sardaukar, and the Dosadi, who are molded by their terrible living conditions into dangerous super races.
* Human possibilities and potential: Herbert offered Mentats, the Bene Gesserit and the Bene Tleilax as different visions of human potential.
* The nature of sanity and madness. Frank Herbert was interested in the work of Thomas Szasz and the anti-psychiatry movement. Often, Herbert poses the question, "''What is sane?''", and while there are clearly insane behaviors and psychopathies as evinced by characters ( Piter De Vries for instance), it is often suggested that normal and abnormal are relative terms which humans are sometimes ill-equipped to apply to one another, especially on the basis of statistical regularity.
* The possible effects and consequences of consciousness-altering chemicals, such as the spice in the ''Dune'' saga, as well as the "Jaspers" fungus in '' The Santaroga Barrier'', and the Kelp in the Destination: Void sequence.
* How language shapes thought. More specifically, Herbert was influenced by Alfred Korzybski's '' General Semantics''. Algis Budrys wrote that his knowledge of language and linguistics "is worth at least one PhD and the Chair of Philology at a good New England college".
* Learning, teaching, and thinking.

Frank Herbert refrained from offering his readers formulaic answers to many of the questions he explored.

Status and influence on science fiction

''Dune'' and the ''Dune'' saga constitute one of the world's best-selling science fiction series and novels; ''Dune'' in particular has received widespread critical acclaim, winning the Nebula Award in 1965 and sharing the Hugo Award in 1966, and is frequently considered one of the best science fiction novels ever, if not the best. '' Locus'' subscribers voted it the all-time best SF novel in 1975, again in 1987, and the best "before 1990" in 1998.

''Dune'' is considered a landmark novel for a number of reasons:
* ''Dune'' is a landmark of soft science fiction. Herbert deliberately suppressed technology in his ''Dune'' universe so that he could address the future of humanity, rather than the future of humanity's technology. ''Dune'' considers the way humans and their institutions might change over time.
* Frank Herbert was a great popularizer of scientific ideas; many of his fans credit Frank Herbert for introducing them to philosophy and psychology. In ''Dune'', he helped popularize the term ''ecology''. Gerald Jonas explains in '' The New York Times Book Review'': "So completely did Mr. Herbert work out the interactions of man and beast and geography and climate that ''Dune'' became the standard for an emerging subgenre of 'ecological' science fiction."
* ''Dune'' is considered an epic example of literary world-building. '' The Library Journal'' reports that "''Dune'' is to science fiction what '' The Lord of the Rings'' is to fantasy". Arthur C. Clarke is quoted as making a similar statement on the back cover of a paper edition of ''Dune''. Frank Herbert imagined every facet of his creation. He lovingly included glossaries, quotes, documents, and histories, to bring his universe alive to his readers. No science fiction novel before it had so vividly realized life on another world.

Herbert never again equalled the critical acclaim he received for ''Dune''. Neither his sequels to ''Dune'' nor any of his other books won a Hugo or Nebula Award, although almost all of them were ''New York Times'' Best Sellers.Speaking at the 2006 induction of Herbert in the Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Kevin J. Anderson stated that ''Children of Dune'' (1976) "was the first SF novel ever to hit the New York Times bestseller list.
Dune 7 Blog: Wednesday, June 21, 2006: The Science Fiction Hall of Fame
. By KJA. ''Dune: The Official Website''. Retrieved July 17, 2011. KJA spoke and presented the award to son Brian Herbert.

Malcolm Edwards wrote, in the ''Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'':

The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Herbert in 2006.

California State University, Fullerton's Pollack Library has several of Herbert's draft manuscripts of ''Dune'' and other works, with the author's notes, in their Frank Herbert Archives.

Metro Parks Tacoma built Dune Peninsula and the Frank Herbert Trail at Point Defiance Park in July 2019 to honor the hometown writer.

Bibliography

Posthumously published works

Beginning in 2012, Herbert's estate and WordFire Press have released four previously unpublished novels in e-book and paperback formats: ''High-Opp'' (2012), '' Angels' Fall'' (2013), ''A Game of Authors'' (2013), and ''A Thorn in the Bush'' (2014).

In recent years, Frank Herbert's son Brian Herbert and author Kevin J. Anderson have added to the ''Dune'' franchise, using notes left behind by Frank Herbert and discovered over a decade after his death. Brian Herbert and Anderson have written three prequel trilogies ('' Prelude to Dune'', '' Legends of Dune'' and '' Great Schools of Dune'') exploring the history of the ''Dune'' universe before the events of the original novel, two novels that take place between novels of the original ''Dune'' sequels (with plans for more), as well as two post-''Chapterhouse Dune'' novels that complete the original series ('' Hunters of Dune'' and '' Sandworms of Dune'') based on Frank Herbert's own ''Dune 7'' outline.

See also

* Kevin J. Anderson
* Brian Herbert

References

Sources

*

Further reading

* Allen, L. David. ''Cliffs Notes on Herbert's Dune & Other Works''. Lincoln, NE: Cliffs Notes, 1975.
* Clarke, Jason. ''SparkNotes: Dune, Frank Herbert''. New York: Spark Publishing, 2002.
*
* Herbert, Brian. ''Dreamer of Dune : The Biography of Frank Herbert''. New York: Tor Books, 2003.
* Levack, Daniel JH; Willard, Mark. ''Dune Master: A Frank Herbert Bibliography''. Westport, CT: Meckler, 1988.
* McNelly, Dr. Willis E. (ed.) ''The Dune Encyclopedia''. New York: Berkeley Publishing Group, 1984.
* Miller, David M. ''Starmont Reader's Guide 5: Frank Herbert''. Mercer Island, WA: Starmont, 1980.
* O'Reilly, Timothy. ''Frank Herbert''. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1980.
* O'Reilly, Timothy (ed.) ''The Maker of Dune''. New York: Berkeley Publishing Group, 1987.

External links

Official website for Brian Herbert and Kevin Anderson


(Kevin Anderson report with his speech)
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* 1984 interview with ''L. A. Reader''


Frank Herbert on the Literature Map

Biography and criticism

Frank Herbert
biography at th
Encyclopedia of Science Fiction



Study
by Tim O'Reilly of Frank Herbert's work up to the ''Jesus Incident''; one of the more in-depth studies of Frank Herbert's thoughts and ideas

Article on the inspirations for ''Dune''

"Frank Herbert, the Dune Man"
-(Frederik Pohl)
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"Frank Herbert, the Dune Man, Part 2"

Bibliography and works

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