Francisco Ibáñez Talavera
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Francisco Ibáñez Talavera (15 March 1936 – 15 July 2023) was a Spanish
comic book A comic book, comic-magazine, or simply comic is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panel (comics), panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and wri ...
artist and writer. Ibáñez was one of the most prolific and well-known authors in Spain, with popular comics such as '' Mort & Phil'', '' Rompetechos'', '' 13, Rue del Percebe'', '' El botones Sacarino'', '' Pepe Gotera y Otilio,'' and '' Chicha, Tato y Clodoveo''.


Early life

Ibáñez was born on 15 March 1936 in
Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...
, four months before the outbreak of the
Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...
, in a working class neighborhood.De la Cruz Pérez (2008), p. 25. His family was lower middle class, and he was the son of a father from
Alicante Alicante (, , ; ; ; officially: ''/'' ) is a city and municipalities of Spain, municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean port. The population ...
and an Andalusian mother, and had three brothers. As a child, Ibáñez showed a fondness for comic books and comic cinema from the United States as well as an ability for drawing and imagination.Fernández Soto (2005), p. 17. In October 1947, at the age of eleven, he published his first drawing in the magazine ''Chicos''.De la Cruz Pérez (2008), p. 9. After finishing his primary education at the Guimerá Schools, Ibáñez began to study accounting, banking and mercantile expertise and, between 1950 and 1957, he worked as a bellboy and, subsequently, as portfolio and risk assistant, at the Banco Español de Crédito, a job that in 1952 he began to combine with collaborations in the magazines ''Nicolás'', ''Chicolino'', ''La hora del recreo'', ''Alex'', ''Liliput'', ''El Barbas'' and above all in the two humorous mastheads of : ''La Risa'' and ''Hipo, Monito y Fifí''. In them he created covers and series such as ''Kokolo'' (1952), ''Melenas'' (1954), ''Don Usura'' (1955) and ''Haciendo el indio'' (1955), the first of certain success of the author, as it was also reproduced in the weekly supplement of of Barcelona.Ibáñez, Francisco en ''Ibáñez'' para el encarte del tercer número de ''Bruguelandia'', Editorial Bruguera, Barcelona, 28 September 1981, pp. 30-33.


Career

In the summer of 1957, Ibáñez, who was already earning more as a cartoonist than as a portfolio and risk assistant in banking, decided to devote himself completely to comics and, besides continuing to collaborate with the publications of Editorial Marco, he joined the staff of ''Paseo infantil'', which disappeared soon after and where he created series such as ''Pepe Roña'' and continued the series ''Loony'' by Alfons Figueras. Simultaneously, in August he began to collaborate with the powerful
Editorial Bruguera Ediciones B is a Spanish publisher, which currently operates as a division of Penguin Random House. Ediciones B is headquartered in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain; with branches throughout Latin America. It was established in 1986, but has its orig ...
which at that time was in dire need of new cartoonists after the departure of its main artists to . At Bruguera, Ibáñez initially contributed pages of jokes on a specific subject or sport for '' Pulgarcito'' and the central pages of ''El DDT'' and ''Selecciones de Humor de El DDT'', and as comic book artist Armando Matías Guiu explained, "the joke was the first step to get a character in the magazines". en ''Comic-Story 1'', encarte de la revista '' Bruguelandia'',
Editorial Bruguera Ediciones B is a Spanish publisher, which currently operates as a division of Penguin Random House. Ediciones B is headquartered in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain; with branches throughout Latin America. It was established in 1986, but has its orig ...
, Barcelona, 29 June 1981, p. 61.
He remained at Editorial Bruguera till 1985. On 20 January 1958, when he was already working exclusively for Editorial Bruguera, the first installment of ''Mortadelo y Filemón'' (''Mort & Phil''), which soon became his most emblematic work and his main characters, was published.De la Cruz Pérez (2008), p. 38. ''Mort & Phil'' became the first Spanish comic to be digitized in 2002. Screenwriter Carles Santamaría said that "without Ibáñez, Spanish humor comics of the last 70 years cannot be understood. ..The creation of the series "Mortadelo y Filemón" has marked a milestone in the history of comics." During the 1960s, he created other characters and comics, such as '' Rompetechos'', '' 13, Rue del Percebe'', '' El botones Sacarino'', '' Pepe Gotera y Otilio,'', '' Chicha, Tato y Clodoveo'' and '' Tete Cohete''. Until the end of the dictatorship of
Francisco Franco Francisco Franco Bahamonde (born Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general and dictator who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces i ...
, his works were subject to review by Francoist censorship. With the publication of '' El sulfato atómico'' in 1969, influenced by the ''
bande dessinée (singular ; literally 'drawn strips'), abbreviated BDs and also referred to as Franco-Belgian comics (), are comics that are usually originally in French and created for readership in France and Belgium. These countries have a long tradition ...
'', Ibáñez opened up to the foreign market. In 1985 he left Editorial Bruguera, as the company had taken over the intellectual property rights of ''Mort & Phil'', which he even claimed in court and which continued to be drawn by other authors without the success that Ibáñez achieved. It was not until the approval of the intellectual property law of 1987 that Ibáñez was able to recover his copyrights over ''Mort & Phil''. His last published album was ''Mortadelo y Filemón. Mundial de Basquet 2023'', which was released in June 2023. Throughout his career, he sold more than 100 million albums. On 28 May 2022 he attended the opening of the new library Biblioteca Gabriel García Márquez which was to hold his work and archives.


Style

Ibáñez's style is characterized by presenting a continuous succession of gags from the beginning to the end of the story, in such a way that in one vignette the gag to be produced in the next is prepared. en ''Comic Story-3'', encarte del tercer número de ''Bruguelandia'',
Editorial Bruguera Ediciones B is a Spanish publisher, which currently operates as a division of Penguin Random House. Ediciones B is headquartered in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain; with branches throughout Latin America. It was established in 1986, but has its orig ...
, Barcelona, 28 September 1981, p. 28 a 29.
As fellow author said about him: To overcome Franco's censorship, in the case of swear words, he invented substitutes that ended up being used by his audience on a regular basis. Over the years he transformed his characters and stylized his technique, always keeping a nod to current events and introducing caricaturized politicians and celebrities.


Personal life and death

Ibáñez married Remedios Solera Sánchez in 1966, with whom he had two daughters. Ibáñez died in Barcelona on 15 July 2023, at age 87. The funeral took place on 17 July.


Works

* '' 13, Rue del Percebe'' (1961) * '' Chicha, Tato y Clodoveo'' (1986) * '' El botones Sacarino'' (1963) * '' La familia Trapisonda, un grupito que es la monda'' (1958) * ''
Mortadelo y Filemón ''Mort & Phil'' () is a Spanish comics, Spanish comic series, published in more than two dozen languages. It appeared for the first time in 1958 in the children's comic-book magazine drawn by Francisco Ibáñez Talavera, Francisco Ibáñez. Th ...
, agencia de información'' (1958) * '' Pepe Gotera y Otilio'' (1966) * '' Rompetechos'' (1964) * '' Tete Cohete'' (1981) * ''7, Rebolling Street'' (1987) * ''Ande, ríase usté con el arca de Noé'' (1960) * ''Don Pedrito que está como nunca'' (1964) * ''Don Usura'' (1952) * ''Doña Pura y Doña Pera vecinas de la escalera'' (1966) * ''El Caballero Buscabollos'' (1957) * ''El doctor esparadrapo y su ayudante Gazapo'' (1965) * ''Felisa y Colás'' (1958) * ''Godofredo y Pascualino viven del deporte fino'' (1961) * ''Kokolo'' (1952) * ''La Familia Repollino'' (1956)


Honours

* Grand Prize of the International Comic Fair of Barcelona for his career (1994) *
Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts The Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts () is awarded by the Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featurin ...
(2002) * Oso Award for Lifetime Achievement of the International Comic Fair of Madrid ("Expocómic 2002") * ''Notario del Humor'' Award (2008). * In 2021 a campaign was launched, ratified by several Spanish personalities and by some thirty
members of the European Parliament A member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament. When the European Parliament (then known as the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Comm ...
for him to be awarded the
Princess of Asturias Awards The Princess of Asturias Awards (, ), formerly the Prince of Asturias Awards from 1981 to 2014 (), are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain by the Princess of Asturias Foundation (previously the Prince of Asturias Foundation) to individuals ...
edition of that year, but unsuccessfully. * Creu de Sant Jordi (2021) * Gold Medal for Cultural Merit from the Barcelona City Council (2022)


References


External links


His profile
in
Lambiek Comiclopedia Galerie Lambiek is a Dutch comic book store and art gallery in Amsterdam, founded on November 8, 1968 by Kees Kousemaker (, – Bussum, ). His son Boris Kousemaker has been the owner since 2007. From 1968 to 2015, it was located in the Ke ...
* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibanez Talavera, Francisco 1936 births 2023 deaths 20th-century Spanish artists 21st-century Spanish artists 20th-century Spanish writers 21st-century Spanish writers 20th-century Spanish male writers 21st-century Spanish male writers Spanish comics artists Spanish comics writers Spanish humorists Artists from Catalonia