Five Corners, Newark

The Ironbound is a neighborhood in the city of Newark in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is a large working-class multi-ethnic community, covering about . Historically, the area was called "Dutch Neck," "Down Neck," or simply "the Neck," for its location by a bend of the Passaic River.Lawlor, Julia
"If You're Thinking of Living In/The Ironbound; A Home Away From Home for Immigrants"
''The New York Times'', January 11, 2004. Accessed June 26, 2013. Part of Newark's East Ward, the Ironbound is directly east of Newark Penn Station and Downtown Newark, and south and west of the river. The neighborhood is connected by the Jackson Street Bridge over the river to Harrison and Kearny.

Early history

The area was mostly farmland until the 1830s, when industry and immigration began increasing at a rapid pace.

The name "The Ironbound" is said to derive from the large metalworking industry in the area or from the network of railroad tracks that surrounded the neighborhood.

Industry

The Ironbound was an industrial neighborhood in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighborhood was home to Hensler's Beer Brewery, P. Ballantine and Sons Brewing Company (in 1954 Newark's largest employer) and the Feigenspan Brewery. Balbach Smelting & Refining Company, now the location of Riverbank Park, was the second largest metal processing enterprise in the United States until its closure in the 1920s. Other large industrial buildings included Murphy Varnish Works.

Immigration

The Ironbound has experienced several waves of immigration. The first wave, starting in the 1830s, came from the German states. Wrote historian Charles Cummings, "Overnight, whole sections of the Ironbound became Irish and German". Polish and Italian immigrants arrived in the latter half of the 19th century, followed by Portuguese and Spanish starting in the 1910s. By 1921 there was a large enough Portuguese population to found Sport Club Portuguese, the first of over twenty Portuguese social clubs that would call the Ironbound home.

Historical landmarks

The following sites in the Ironbound are on the National Register of Historic Places:

* Murphy Varnish Works
* Pennsylvania Station (Newark)
* Riverbank Park
* St. Casimir's Roman Catholic Church (Newark, New Jersey)
* St. Stephan's Church (Ironbound, Newark, New Jersey)

Culture and commerce

Ferry Street is the main commercial strip in the area. In 2017, the ''New York Times'' described the neighborhood as:

Four square miles populated in large part by Portuguese, Spanish and Latin American immigrants and their descendants, the Ironbound has the intimacy and hustle of a European market town. “We walk to the bakery, the fishmonger, the wine store,” said he director of the Newark Museum of Art">Newark_Museum_of_Art.html" ;"title="he director of the Newark Museum of Art">he director of the Newark Museum of Art (He also walks to work.) “It really is an extraordinarily agreeable lifestyle.”

Portuguese community

Today, the Ironbound is known for being a Portuguese neighborhood. TAP Air Portugal">Portuguese-American">Portuguese neighborhood. TAP Air Portugal has its corporate office in the neighborhood. Ironbound Volunteer Ambulance Squad has been serving the community since 1952. Ironbound also has its own newspaper. Many Portuguese still live in the Ironbound, but many are moving out to other neighborhoods in New Jersey, Including South River, Livingston, Clark, New Jersey">Clark