Fiach mac Aodha Ó Broin (anglicised as Feagh or Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne) (1534 – 8 May 1597) was

Chief of the Name The Chief of the Name, or in older English usage Captain of his Nation, is the recognised head of a family or clan ( Irish and Scottish Gaelic: ''fine'') in Ireland and Scotland. Ireland There are instances where Norman lords of the time like ...

of Clann Uí Bhroin (Clan O'Byrne) and

Lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power (social and political), power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the Peerage o ...

Ranelagh Ranelagh ( , ; , ) is an affluent residential area and urban village on the Southside of Dublin, Ireland in the postal district of Dublin 6. Ranelagh was originally a village called Cullenswood. It has a history of conflict, including the at ...

during the Elizabethan wars against the

Irish clan Irish clans are traditional kinship groups sharing a common surname and heritage and existing in a lineage-based society, originating prior to the 17th century. A clan (or in Irish, plural ) included the chief and his patrilineal relatives; howe ...

Background

During the reign of

Queen Elizabeth I of England Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England and List of Irish monarchs, Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudo ...

, the O'Byrnes controlled territory in the

Wicklow Wicklow ( ; , meaning 'church of the toothless one'; ) is the county town of County Wicklow in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is located on the east of Ireland, south of Dublin. According to the 2022 census of Ireland, 2022 census, it had ...

mountains south of

Dublin Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...

, covering about . The fastness of the Ranelagh O'Byrnes lay toward the south, at Ballinacor in

Glenmalure Glenmalure () is a 20-kilometre long U-shaped glacial valley in the Wicklow Mountains in Ireland. Glenmalure is an important base for climbing in the Wicklow mountains, and particularly accessing the massif of Lugnaquilla, and contains one of ...

, where they maintained a fort near to a ford with a bridge and a castle at Drumkitt (now encompassed within Ballinacor House). The territory included the oak wood of Shillelagh and part of

County Wexford County Wexford () is a Counties of Ireland, county in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region, Ireland, Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was ba ...

. The Kiltimon, Downs, Cloneroe and Newrath branches of the clan were generally loyal to the Crown, having benefited under English law by primogeniture and the system of '

surrender and regrant During the Tudor conquest of Ireland (c.1540–1603), "surrender and regrant" was the legal mechanism by which Irish clans were to be converted from a power structure rooted in clan and kin loyalties, to a late-Feudalism, feudal system under t ...

'. The Ranelagh O'Byrnes were unsubmissive and were reckoned capable of fielding one hundred expert swordsmen, posing a constant threat to Tudor authority within

the Pale The Pale ( Irish: ''An Pháil'') or the English Pale (' or ') was the part of Ireland directly under the control of the English government in the Late Middle Ages. It had been reduced by the late 15th century to an area along the east coast s ...

through raids on the lowlands, which weighed in the balance of power between the Butler (Ormond) and Fitzgerald (Kildare) dynasties in

Leinster Leinster ( ; or ) is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in the southeast of Ireland. The modern province comprises the ancient Kingdoms of Meath, Leinster and Osraige, which existed during Gaelic Ireland. Following the 12th-century ...

. The O'Byrne territory had been under the nominal authority of a sheriff, but in 1562 the task of bringing order to the border area was given to an English captain. So varied were the local allegiances, and so difficult did the territory prove to police, that little was achieved by the crown government and during the rest of the queen's reign (to 1603) the O'Byrnes proved adept at securing official pardons.

Early career

In 1569 the Ranelagh O'Byrnes, under the leadership of Fiach's father, Hugh, had given help to the rebels during the

Desmond Rebellions The Desmond Rebellions occurred in 1569–1573 and 1579–1583 in the Irish province of Munster. They were rebellions by the Earl of Desmond, the head of the FitzGerald dynasty in Munster, and his followers, the Geraldines and their allies, ...

. Fiach (in Irish, the raven) assisted the escape of the imprisoned Edmund Butler, when the latter fell from a rope while climbing from the battlements of

Dublin Castle Dublin Castle () is a major Government of Ireland, Irish government complex, conference centre, and tourist attraction. It is located off Dame Street in central Dublin. It is a former motte-and-bailey castle and was chosen for its position at ...

. Thereafter he proved wily and skilful, and ultimately betrayed an ambition to undermine Tudor authority in Ireland. In 1572, Fiach was charged with complicity in the murder of Robert Browne of Mulcranan, son-in-law of the

seneschal The word ''seneschal'' () can have several different meanings, all of which reflect certain types of supervising or administering in a historic context. Most commonly, a seneschal was a senior position filled by a court appointment within a royal, ...

, Sir Nicholas White. The crown commander in Wicklow led a

punitive expedition A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong beha ...

from

Newcastle Newcastle usually refers to: *Newcastle upon Tyne, a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England, United Kingdom *Newcastle-under-Lyme, a town in Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom *Newcastle, New South Wales, a metropolitan area ...

near

Bray Bray may refer to: Places France * Bray, Eure, in the Eure ''département'' * Bray, Saône-et-Loire, in the Saône-et-Loire ''département'' * Bray-Dunes, in the Nord ''département'' * Bray-en-Val, in the Loiret ''département'' * Bray-et-Lû ...

, seizing a mountain man and forcing him at the peril of his life to lead the crown troops into the heart of O'Byrne territory, where sixteen villages were burned and hundreds slaughtered. Fiach escaped with the loss of two sisters and two foster brothers. In retaliation he led 400 men in raids on villages in Wexford, managing to retire to

after evading the seneschal's forces. But in August he surrendered custody of the original murderer in return for a pardon and a fine of 20 marks. Under the government of Sir

Henry Sidney Sir Henry Sidney (20 July 1529 – 5 May 1586) was an English soldier, politician and Lord Deputy of Ireland. Background He was the eldest son of Sir William Sidney of Penshurst (1482 – 11 February 1553) and Anne Pakenham (1511 – 22 Oc ...

, O'Byrne gave support to his own brother-in-law, Rory Oge O'More, the pretender to the lordship of Leix, who broke out in rebellion in 1577. In a bloody fight with Sir John Harrington, many of O'More's household were killed, although O'Byrne's sister was spared by the crown forces. After O'More's death, O'Byrne took in the rebel's son for training at Ballinacor, which by that time had become a martial academy. O'Byrne was in correspondence with Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond and never lost touch with Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare, for whom he did a great favour by hanging an important witness when Kildare was under government investigation. The O'Byrnes continued with their cattle raids, until Fiach made his submission in early 1579 at

Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin Christ Church Cathedral, more formally The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (Irish: ''Ardeaglais Theampall Chríost''), is the cathedral of the Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, United Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough and the cathedral of the e ...

, where he gave pledges of allegiance and acknowledged the authority of the crown government. This sequence of raids and pardons continued for some time.

Desmond rebellions

In 1579, after succeeding his father in the leadership of the O'Byrnes, Fiach joined with James Eustace, Viscount Baltinglass – despite a history of mutual enmity between their families – during the

Second Desmond Rebellion The Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) was the more widespread and bloody of the two Desmond Rebellions in Ireland launched by the FitzGerald Dynasty of County Desmond, Desmond in Munster against English rule. The second rebellion began in ...

. In the summer of 1580, the

Earl of Desmond Earl of Desmond ( meaning Earl of South Munster) is a title of nobility created by the English monarch in the peerage of Ireland. The title has been created four times. It was first awarded in 1329 to Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond, Maur ...

fled

Munster Munster ( or ) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (). Following the Nor ...

into Queens County (aided by the O'Mores), where he joined the O'Byrnes near the Wicklow border. In August Fiach joined with the Kavanagh clan to ambush crown forces in Idrone (County Carlow): the Irish fought their way through the territory and, after burning the manor house, executed those Kavanaghs who had succumbed to the rule of the English Carew family. In the same month in 1580 a new

Lord Deputy of Ireland The Lord Deputy was the representative of the monarch and head of the Irish executive (government), executive under English rule, during the Lordship of Ireland and then the Kingdom of Ireland. He deputised prior to 1523 for the Viceroy of Ireland ...

Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton The Rt Hon. Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton, KG (1536–1593), was a baron in the Peerage of England. Lord Grey de Wilton is now largely remembered for his memoir of his father, for participating in the last defence of Calais (1558), a ...

, arrived with 6,000 newly recruited troops. He found the country in a nervous state, owing to the threat of Spanish intervention in favour of the rebels: Crown commanders throughout the country were on guard, and Grey was beset at every point of the compass. It was clear that cutting off the source of so many raids against the underbelly of Dublin, within twenty five miles of the city, was necessary. An offensive into the province of

was expected, and before he might engage on that campaign Grey had to deal with the O'Byrnes to prevent them attacking him in the rear as he marched south. The campaign resulted in the Battle of Glenmalure.

Battle of Glenmalure

In 1580, Grey led his army westward through the Pale, ignoring certain veterans who implored him to delay the campaign. He planned to enter Glenmalure from the neighbouring

Glen of Imaal The Glen of Imaal ( or ; ) is a remote glen in the western Wicklow Mountains in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is ringed by the Lugnaquilla massif and its foothills, including Table Mountain, County Wicklow, Table Mountain and Keadeen Mountain ...

and attack O'Byrne's stronghold; the enemy was expected to be flushed from its fastness, whereupon the English cavalry would ride them down in their flight. O'Byrne had remained in the Liffey valley with Baltinglas, but at the approach of the crown army he withdrew into Glenmalure. Grey altered his course and travelled several miles south, where he was joined by Kildare, before heading east in a loop and making an arduous ascent into the mountains. After a row amongst his chief officers, Grey sent an expedition of half his force in royal livery with their colours aloft. The rebel lookout on the peak of

Lugnaquilla LugnaquillaLugnaquilla
.

kern descended to engage in hand-to-hand combat. Grey's troops were routed with the loss of hundreds, and much valuable equipment had to be discarded. Grey spurred his cavalry on to check the pursuit and force the rebels back into the glen, but even on the retreat to Dublin the punishment was withering. Despite this disturbing setback, Grey was in a position to post a garrison in the locality, in the hope that this would contain O'Byrne; but the raids kept coming, even into the suburbs of Dublin. In the campaign that ensued, O'Byrne did suffer losses and failed to dislodge the garrison, but he held out, even after the crown had asserted its command in Munster with the massacre at Smerwick of the Papal invasion force. In the following spring, when Grey passed through Wicklow, O'Byrne showed his forces on the hills and sent sorties to cut off the straggling plate wagons. He insisted that the terms offered to him include a pardon for Desmond and a guarantee of freedom of conscience. But the glens now became so frequented with crown troops that he was forced to accept the original terms and, once hostages had been given to the government, he received his pardon.

Quiet times

For some years after, O'Byrne remained docile and, following the death of the Earl of Desmond in 1583, had even received into his territory his old foe, Nicholas White, upon the first visit to that place by a senior crown judge. He gave his uncle and sons as hostages to the new governor, Sir

John Perrot Sir John Perrot (7 November 1528 – 3 November 1592) was a member of the Welsh gentry who served as Lord Deputy of Ireland under Queen Elizabeth I of England during the Tudor conquest of Ireland. It was formerly speculated that he was an ille ...

, who hanged a piper sent in by O'Byrne after a cattle raid which had been carried out to the piper's tune. Some of the hostages escaped, but O'Byrne soon appeared before Perrot in English dress and supplied more hostages. In March 1587 the Irish wife of the English captain, Sir Thomas Lee, let it be known that her husband was plotting to capture O'Byrne, and Lee decided to separate from her. In 1589 twenty-two O'Byrne hostages escaped custody – including two of Fiach's sons and his brother-in-law – eleven were recaptured. O'Byrne's docility remained in doubt, and he was soon found attacking Arklow Castle in revenge for a private wrong.

Cat and mouse

In 1592 O'Byrne involved himself in another escape from Dublin Castle.

Hugh Roe O'Donnell Hugh Roe O'Donnell II (; 20 October 1572 – 30 August 1602), also known as Red Hugh O'Donnell, was an Irish Chief of the Name, clan chief and senior leader of the Irish confederacy during the Nine Years' War (Ireland), Nine Years' War. He was ...

had escaped the castle in the previous year, only to be betrayed while on the run. His second attempt was a success, and although he suffered frostbite O'Donnell was guided to Glenmalure, whence O'Byrne despatched him home to the province of Ulster. The grave of Art O'Neill (son of Shane O'Neill), a fellow prisoner who died during the escape, lies southwest of Granabeg towards Glenmalure, in the townland of Oakwood. Russell Sir William of Thornhaugh1

O'Byrne fell quiet again, but Lee insisted throughout the period 1594–96 that he was a traitor to the crown, and a new initiative against him was directed by the lord deputy, Sir William Russell. After the Christmas festivities of 1594, Russell drove O'Byrne from Ballinacor in a three-day offensive and garrisoned his house. On their approach to the ramparts of Ballinacor a drum had been accidentally sounded before the troops could reach the gate, which put O'Byrne on his guard, and the gate was defended while those inside fled to safety. It was a mark of how close the government was coming in its efforts to tame the Wicklow highlands, and a reward of £150 was posted for O'Byrne's capture (or £100 for his head). O'Byrne and his second wife, Rose O'Toole, were proclaimed traitors. Days later the Dublin suburb of Crumlin was burned by his son-in-law, Walter Reagh, and the flames of the raid were seen in the centre of Dublin, whereupon Russell ordered the city gates opened as he sent cavalry in pursuit, but to no avail. In response, a fort was built at Ballinacor with 100 O'Byrne labourers, and the pressure on the clan territory was increased. Walter Reagh Fitzgerald was captured and hanged alive in chains for 24 hours before being impaled on a spike. Russell set up spring camp at Shillelagh, hunting and fishing and receiving the heads of rebels, but O'Byrne was elusive and he intrigued with

Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone (; – 20 July 1616) was an Irish lord and key figure of the Nine Years' War. Known as the "Great Earl", he led the confederacy of Irish lords against the English Crown in resistance to the Tudor conquest of Ir ...

. The O'Byrnes executed an attack at Athy, but Fiach denounced the raid. At about this time his wife, Rose O'Toole, was captured and, upon her conviction for treason by a Dublin jury, sentenced to death by burning; her life was spared, only because she had been convinced to convey information to Fiach that his son Turlough was betraying him. O'Byrne delivered over Turlough, who was executed.

Ulster alliance

In his negotiations with Russell, during a truce in the

Nine Years War The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between France and the Grand Alliance. Although largely concentrated in Europe, fighting spread to colonial possessions in the Americas, India, and West Africa. Relat ...

, Hugh O'Neill included terms for the treatment of O'Byrne, and reinforced his point with the capture of the Blackwater fort, which was said to have been in response to the lord deputy's campaign in Wicklow. O'Byrne sought pardon for himself and his family – excluding his most wayward sons – in the summer of 1596, by which time he was old and sick. He presented himself on his knees to the council sitting at Dublin to seek mercy and was granted his pardon upon petition to the queen. Even so, he was in alliance with O'Neill, acting as a Leinster base for rebel influence and maintaining a force on the borders of the Pale. The fort at Ballinacor was retaken by O'Byrne, and the attacks on government forces in Wicklow began again. He had also allied with the O'Mores, Kavanaghs, O'Connors and O'Tooles, and was thought by Russell to be of far greater ability than O'Neill. However, the rest of the O'Byrnes were not considered a threat, indeed the clan were divided, with some engaging in the hunting down of Fiach, and a new fort was built at Rathdown. During the winter, Russell scoured the mountains, taking in cattle and heads. He crossed the bridge at Ballinacor ford against resistance on 24 September 1596 and stayed on the mountain with his cavalry. Meanwhile, Captain Lee was sent with a force to Fananerin, on the west side of Glenmalure (i.e. in Manning's bog north of Greenane north of the river), where he burned the town before returning to camp. O'Neill complained of the attacks on O'Byrne, and Lee was left to engage in sporadic fighting. The government believed that O'Neill was attempting to divert the attacks, and so Russell made the final push in March 1597, when he marched over the mountains to Fananerin and on to Ballinacor and into the glen. There he made a show of dining, and knighted an officer in the place where one of the Carews had been slain during Grey's campaign in 1580. Russell withdrew, only to return two months later on the information of the northern branch of the O'Byrne clan. He was due for recall to London, and it seems that the defeat of O'Byrne himself had become the ultimate aim of his government. Again the Lord Deputy came to Fananerin (Sunday, 8 May 1597), with troops converging on the town from three directions. O'Byrne was in the company of a few swordsmen, who were killed at the first incursion, and fled on foot. He was compelled by exhaustion to seek refuge in a cave, where Captain Thomas Lee caught up with him. He was executed by Lee's soldiers, and his own sword was used to cut off his head, which was presented to Russell before his return to Dublin the next day. It was the governor's final success in Ireland. Lee later met with O'Byrne's son, Phelim, at

Rathmines Rathmines (; ) is an inner suburb on the Southside (Dublin), Southside of Dublin in Ireland. It begins at the southern side of the Grand Canal of Ireland, Grand Canal and stretches along the Rathmines Road as far as Rathgar to the south, Ranela ...

, and swore the killing had not been of his choice.

Lost head

O'Byrne's corpse was dismembered and for months the head and quarters hung on pike staffs on the wall over

's drawbridge. Several months later the pickled head was presented to the council secretary in London by an English adventurer, who was disappointed to find that the head-silver due on O'Byrne had already been paid in Ireland. The queen was angered that, "the head of such a base Robin Hood was brought solemnly into England". The offending item was prepared for burial, but was found a day or two later in

Enfield Chase Enfield Chase is an open space in the London Borough of Enfield, North London. Historically, the name applied to a large common occupying the western part of the ancient parish of Enfield, extending from Monken Hadley in the west to Bulls ...

, outside London, placed in the fork of a tree.

Descendants

"Many efforts have been made over the years to find modern descendants of the Glenmalur Chief, Feach mac Hugh O'Byrne. None have met with any notable success." Toirdelbhach, Fiach's eldest son, was executed on 18 July 1595. He had two daughters and no sons. Fiach's second son, Felim Buidh na Laragh, was an MP for

County Wicklow County Wicklow ( ; ) is a Counties of Ireland, county in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. The last of the traditional 32 counties, having been formed as late as 1606 in Ireland, 1606, it is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the Provinces ...

and died in 1630. He married Winifred O'Toole of Castlekevin (daughter of Luke), who died in 1628. A son of the couple was Brian O'Birn of Ballincor, outlawed in 1652. His son was Colonel Shane mac Brian O'Birn, who served in the army of the Irish Catholic Confederation in the 1640s. A family genealogy brings Fiach's descendants down to 1875, in the persons of brothers Alfred and John Byrne of Sleaty,

County Laois County Laois ( ; ) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and in the province of Leinster. It was known as Queen's County from 1556 to 1922. The modern county takes its name from Loígis, a medieval kingdom. Hist ...

. Alfred, a soldier, was the eldest and would have been ninth in descent from Felim, his pedigree been Alfred, son of Gerald of Sleaty, son of Charles of Sleaty, son of Gerald of Ballinakill, son of Charles, son of Edmond of Ballinakill (died 1737,) son of Hugh, son of Shane, son of Brian, son of Felim, son of Fiach. Mac Brádaigh agrees that the descent down to Colonel Shane O'Birn is correct, it has been verified in the genealogies of the Gabhal Raghnail. He furthermore is inclined to accept the descent from Edmond O'Birn of Ballinakill, Clonmore (died 1737) down to Alfred and John. However, Mac Brádaigh casts grave doubts on the authenticity of Aodh Ó Broin, putative son of Colonel Ó Broin, stating that he "does not belong naturally in either section. ... He is called Aodh Gancagh in the description of his putative son Éamon, a description which associates the latter, and by implication the former, with the place called Clonmore. This makes it apparent that simple 'Aodh Ó Broin' is meant to be Aodh Gancagh of Clonmore but the later in its full form was the name of an uncle of Feach mac Aodha and brother to his mother Sadhbh. Could a member of Feach's family, five generations removed from Sadhbh, by strange chance be named Hugh and be connected with Clonmore? It seems very unlikely! Aodh Ó Broin looks phoney, so the genealogy ... is probably false, but perhaps there is someone out there who could prove me wrong." Sadhbh Ní Bhroin was the daughter of Feidhlim Buidhe Ó Broin of Clonmore.

Legacy

O'Byrne's role has been overshadowed by accounts of O'Neill in the

. In June 1597, O'Neill attacked on several fronts – Carrickfergus, Newry and Westmeath – in retaliation for the killing of his ally. O'Byrne's sons, Phelim and Redmond, survived their father and were active during the remainder of the war. On going north into Ulster, Phelim was given charge of the Blackwater fort. In October 1597, the brothers returned south and began active operations at O'Neill's direction with a force under the command of the O'Mores. In 1599, Phelim had a success against the ill-fated army of the Earl of Essex (see Essex in Ireland), and Redmond returned to O'Neill's ranks. The war ended with the

Treaty of Mellifont The Treaty of Mellifont (), also known as the Articles of Mellifont, was signed in 1603, ending the Nine Years' War (Ireland), Nine Years' War which took place in Ireland from 1593 to 1603. End of war Following the English victory in the Battl ...

, and in 1606 Phelim and Redmond received grants of what lands were left to them in their father's estate. It was under the patronage of Fiach McHugh O'Byrne that part of the Book of O'Byrne, a collection of

Irish bardic poetry Bardic poetry is the writings produced by a class of poets trained in the bardic schools of Ireland and the Gaelic parts of Scotland, as they existed down to about the middle of the 17th century or, in Scotland, the early 18th century. Most of t ...

, was compiled. A manuscript copy was sold at auction in 2000 in Dublin.

In popular culture

Feagh McHugh O'Byrne is celebrated in the song by P. J. McCall '' Follow me up to Carlow''. "The Marching Song of Fiach Mac Hugh" by Irish

Folk metal Folk metal is a fusion genre of heavy metal music and traditional folk music that developed in Europe during the 1990s. It is characterised by the widespread use of folk instruments and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example ...

band Cruachan from their album '' Blood for the Blood God'' is about the march into Carlow by O'Byrne.

Notes

References

*Daniel Byrne-Rothwell, "The Byrnes and the O'Byrnes", (House of Lochar, 2010). *Richard Bagwell, ''Ireland under the Tudors'' 3 vols. (London, 1885–1890) *John O'Donovan (ed.) ''Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters'' (1851). *''Calendar of State Papers: Carew MSS.'' 6 vols (London, 1867–1873). *''Calendar of State Papers: Ireland'' (London) *Nicholas Canny ''The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland'' (Dublin, 1976); ''Kingdom and Colony'' (2002). *Steven G. Ellis ''Tudor Ireland'' (London, 1985) . *Hiram Morgan ''Tyrone's Rebellion'' (1995). *Standish O'Grady (ed.) "''Pacata Hibernia''" 2 vols. (London, 1896). *Cyril Falls ''Elizabeth's Irish Wars'' (1950; reprint London, 1996) . *''Dictionary of National Biography'' 22 vols. (London, 1921–1922). * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Obyrne, Fiach Mchugh 1534 births 1597 deaths 16th-century Irish people Irish lords People of Elizabethan Ireland People of the Second Desmond Rebellion Irish chiefs of the name