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In the liturgy of the
Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
, a feria is a day of the week other than Sunday. In more recent official liturgical texts in English, the term ''weekday'' is used instead of ''feria''. If the feast day of a saint falls on such a day, the liturgy celebrated may be that of the saint, not that of the ''feria'' (the weekday liturgy). Accordingly, in actual liturgical practice a feria or ferial day is "a weekday on which no special ecclesiastical feast is to be celebrated".Will apiel ''Harvard Dictionary of Music'' (Harvard University Press 1969), p. 310
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Etymology

The ''Harvard Dictionary of Music'' explains the etymology ''feria'' as "the reverse of the original meaning of L. ''feria'', i.e., festival day. The reversal came about by extending the use of the word from Sunday to the other days, Sunday being named ''feria prima'',
Monday Monday is the day of the week that takes place between Sunday and Tuesday. According to the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 8601 standard, it is the first day of the week. Names The names of the day of the week were co ...
''feria secunda'', Tuesday ''feria tertia'', etc." Since in
ecclesiastical Latin Ecclesiastical Latin, also called Church Latin or Liturgical Latin, is a form of Latin developed to discuss Christian theology, Christian thought in Late antiquity and used in Christianity, Christian liturgy, theology, and church administration ...
the names of Sunday and Saturday do not contain the word ''feria'' and are called respectively ''dominica'' and ''sabbatum'', some use the term ''feria'' "to denote the days of the week with the exception of Sunday and Saturday", in spite of the official definition given above and the actual usage in official liturgical books. The Galician and
Portuguese language Portuguese ( or ) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. It is the official language of Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and São Tomà ...
s uses the same terminology as ecclesiastical Latin for the days of the week, calling the days from Monday to Friday ''segunda-feira'', ''terça-feira'' (literally, "second weekday", "third weekday"), etc., but calling Saturday ''sábado'' and Sunday ''domingo'' (see Numbered days of the week).


Classification

The Roman Rite no longer distinguishes different classes of ferias (weekdays) as in the 1960 Code of Rubrics of Pope John XXIII, but it attributes different positions to them in ranking liturgical days. In the ''Table of Liturgical Days according to their order of precedence'', attached to the ''Universal Norms on the Liturgical Year and the Calendar'', Ash Wednesday and weekdays of
Holy Week Holy Week () commemorates the seven days leading up to Easter. It begins with the commemoration of Triumphal entry into Jerusalem, Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday, marks the betrayal of Jesus on Spy Wednesday (Holy Wednes ...
from Monday up to and including Thursday are outranked only by the Paschal Triduum, the four solemnities of Christmas, Epiphany, Ascension and
Pentecost Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christianity, Christian holiday which takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter Day, Easter. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spiri ...
, and the Sundays of Advent, Lent, and Easter. Weekdays of Advent from 17 December up to and including 24 December and weekdays of Lent rank above
memorials A memorial is an object or place which serves as a focus for the memory or the commemoration of something, usually an influential, deceased person or a historical, Tragedy (event), tragic event. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objec ...
. Other liturgical weekdays (ferias) come last in the ranking. The Code of Rubrics of 1960 introduced a newly invented division of ferias into four classes: * First-class ferias, outranking all feasts: Ash Wednesday and all the weekdays of Holy Week; * Second-class ferias, outranking local second-class feasts and, if impeded, requiring to be commemorated: ferias of Advent from 17 December to 23 December, and Ember Days of Advent, Lent and September; * Third-class ferias: ferias in Lent from Thursday after Ash Wednesday to Saturday before the Second Sunday of the Passion (Palm Sunday) except Ember Days (these outranked third-class feasts), and ferias in Advent up to 16 December except Ember Days (these were outranked by third-class feasts); * Fourth-class ferias: all other ferias (weekday liturgies). Before 1960, the Roman Rite knew a simpler distinction between major and minor ferias. The major ferias were those of Advent and Lent, the Ember days, and the Monday of Rogation week. These had to be commemorated even on the highest feasts. All the others were minor ferias (liturgical weekdays). In addition, the major ferias of Ash Wednesday and Holy Week were privileged: these liturgies were to be celebrated no matter what feast happened to occur on those days.Catholic Encyclopedia (1909): Feria
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See also

* Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite * Solemnity * Memorial * Ember Days * Octave *
General Roman Calendar The General Roman Calendar (GRC) is the liturgy, liturgical calendar that indicates the dates of celebrations of saints and Sacred mysteries, mysteries of the Lord (Jesus Christ) in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, wherever this liturgic ...
* Liturgical year * Calendar of saints * Commemoration in the Catholic liturgy * Ordinary Time


References

{{Reflist Catholic liturgy History of the Catholic Church Days of the week