''The Farmer's Sun'' (also known as the ''Canadian Farmer's Sun'' and ''The Weekly Sun'' at various times) was a

progressive Progressive may refer to: Politics * Progressivism, a political philosophy in support of social reform ** Progressivism in the United States, the political philosophy in the American context * Progressive realism, an American foreign policy pa ...

weekly periodical published in Ontario from 1892 until 1934. It was, at various times, the official organ of several successive political movements: the

Patrons of Industry The Patrons of Industry in Canada were based on the Patrons of Industry of Michigan that had formed in 1889. It was dedicated to upholding and encouraging the moral, social, intellectual, political and financial situation of farmers and to preserve ...

, the Farmers Association of Ontario, and the

United Farmers of Ontario The United Farmers of Ontario (UFO) was an Agrarianism, agrarian and Populism, populist provincial political party in Ontario, Canada. It was the Ontario provincial branch of the United Farmers (disambiguation), United Farmers movement of the earl ...

, and supporting the idea of a progressive farmers' political party.

History

The newspaper was founded in

London, Ontario London (pronounced ) is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada, along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city had a population of 422,324 according to the 2021 Canadian census. London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximat ...

in May 1892 by George Weston Wrigley, a long time publisher of labour newspapers. The paper supporting the Ontario

, a rapidly growing agrarian reform movement. The Patrons were not a political party, but had political goals. They wanted a smaller and simpler government, abolition of railway subsidies and reduced reciprocal tariffs. They also wanted laws against cartels and monopolies. In 1893, Wrigley agreed to devote three pages of his paper to the Patrons in return for their financial assistance. The publication described itself as “the official organ of the Patrons of Industry of Ontario and Quebec.” In May 1894, the paper moved to offices in the '' Evening Star'' building in Toronto. In 1895, the Patrons bought a 50% share of the paper, which claimed to have a circulation of 30,000. The paper gave extensive coverage to the Patrons, but also covered many other reform movements and proposals. It avoided religious controversy, but clearly took the

Social Gospel The Social Gospel is a social movement within Protestantism that aims to apply Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean env ...

position that the value of Christianity lay in practical deeds. In 1895-96, Wrigley published a paper named ''Brotherhood Era'', which he also inserted as a supplement in the ''Sun''. It was aimed at urban readers, and concentrated on the injustice of industrial capitalism, supporting causes such as the single tax, the eight-hour day and equal suffrage, and opposing militarism. By April 1896, the ''Sun'' was in financial difficulties, with declining circulation. Wrigley was replaced as editor by

Goldwin Smith Goldwin Smith (13 August 1823 – 7 June 1910) was a British historian and journalist, active in the United Kingdom and Canada. In the 1860s he also taught at Cornell University in the United States. Life and career Early life and education S ...

. In the 1896 Federal elections internal dissensions appeared among the Patrons, who only won three seats. With the decline of the party, the newspaper was sold to

. Where Wrigley had used the paper to try to promote an alliance between farmers and labour, Smith aimed to turn the newspaper into "the voice of rural Ontario." He ceased publication of a supplement, ''The Brotherhood Era'', aimed at industrial workers and expanded the ''Sun'' to a ten-page publication with the slogan “An Independent Journal For Farm and Home.” The newspaper, now called ''The Weekly Sun,'' supported

agrarianism Agrarianism is a political and social philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, smallholdings, and egalitarianism, with agrarian political parties normally supporting the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasant ...

and

free trade Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports. It can also be understood as the free market idea applied to international trade. In government, free trade is predominantly advocated by political parties that hold ...

and acted as the organ of the Farmers Association of Ontario until that organization dissolved in 1907. The newspaper had a circulation of 16,000 in 1909. Smith died in 1910 and the newspaper soon became the unofficial organ of the

after its founding in 1914. In 1919, the newspaper's board of directors agreed to sell the ''Sun'' to the UFO which published it under its publication wing, the Farmer's Publishing Company, and renamed the newspaper ''The Farmer's Sun'', "the Official Organ of the United Farmers of Ontario." The paper soon increased its publication schedule to twice weekly. Around this time,

Agnes Macphail Agnes Campbell MacPhail (March 24, 1890 – February 13, 1954) was a Canadian politician and the first woman elected to Canada's House of Commons. She served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1921 to 1940; from 1943 to 1945 and again from 1948 ...

began contributing writing to the ''Sun'', including reminiscences about life in rural Ontario. With the fragmentation of the UFO in 1922, during a crisis of the UFO-led provincial government in Ontario under Ernest C. Drury, circulation fell grew more conservative. Following the dissolution of a brief political alliance between the UFO and the

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation of Ontario The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section) – The Farmer-Labor Party of Ontario, or more commonly known as the Ontario CCF, was a democratic socialist provincial political party in Ontario that existed from 1932 to 1961. It was th ...

in 1934, the paper was sold to

Graham Spry Graham Spry, CC (February 20, 1900 - November 24, 1983) was a Canadian broadcasting pioneer, business executive, diplomat and socialist. He was the husband of Irene Spry and father of Robin Spry, Richard Spry and Lib Spry. Life He was born i ...

and Alan Plaunt who renamed it ''New Commonwealth'' and operated it as the organ of the

League for Social Reconstruction The League for Social Reconstruction (LSR) was a circle of Canadian socialists officially formed in 1932. The group advocated for social and economic reformation as well as political education. The formation of the LSR was provoked by events such ...

and the

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section) The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section) – The Farmer-Labor Party of Ontario, or more commonly known as the Ontario CCF, was a democratic socialist provincial political party in Ontario that existed from 1932 to 1961. It was th ...

Aftermath

In 1936, the UFO launched the ''Rural Co-operator'' as its new organ and to continue the tradition of the ''Sun''. The newspaper, which was published twice a month, subsequently became the organ of the UFO's successor, the

Ontario Federation of Agriculture The Ontario Federation of Agriculture (OFA) is a general farm organization established in 1936 as the Ontario Chamber of Agriculture and headquartered in Guelph, Ontario. It was founded by the United Farmers of Ontario, the United Farmers’ Co-op ...

. ''Rural Co-operator'' changed its name to ''Farm & Country'' in the 1960s and would continue publishing as a twice monthly tabloid until 1997 and then a glossy magazine until 1999 when the OFA's publishing arm, the Agricultural Publishing Company Ltd., went into receivership. A number of the magazine's former writers went on to found ''Better Farming'' magazine.

History

Aftermath

References

Further reading