Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...

Faisal bin Turki bin Said Al Busaidi () (8 June 1864 – 4 October 1913) was the

Muscat and Oman The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (), also known briefly as the State of Muscat and Oman () during the rule of Taimur bin Feisal, was a sovereign state that encompassed the present-day Sultanate of Oman and parts of present-day United Arab Emir ...

from 4 June 1888 to 4 October 1913.

Early Life

Faisal was born in

Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...

in 1864 as the second son of Sultan Turki bin Said and an Ethiopian woman. During his father's reign, he was appointed as the governor of

Nizwa Nizwa () is the largest city in Ad Dakhiliyah Region in Oman and was the capital of Imamate of Oman, Oman proper. Nizwa is about (1.5 hour drive) from the Omani capital Muscat. The population is estimated at around 83,544 people. Nizwa is o ...

and

Samail Samāʾil () is a ''Wilayah'' (Province) located in Muscat Region of the Sultanate of Oman. It is surrounded by a range of towering mountains, and its valley, Wadi Samail, is approximately from the capital Muscat. The population is around 40, ...

. He also led military campaigns in Samail, Al Maawil, and

Dhofar The Dhofar Governorate () is the largest of the 11 governorates in the Sultanate of Oman in terms of area. It lies in southern Oman, on the eastern border with Yemen's Al Mahrah Governorate and the southern border with Saudi Arabia's Easter ...

Sultan of Muscat and Oman

On assuming power in 1888, Faisal ibn Turki gradually found his authority over the interior weakened as tribal leaders increasingly perceived his dependence on

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

advisers as an inherent weakness. In 1895 he was forced to seek refuge at Jalali Fort after

Muscat Muscat (, ) is the capital and most populous city in Oman. It is the seat of the Governorate of Muscat. According to the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), the population of the Muscat Governorate in 2022 was 1.72 million. ...

was captured. British political agents frustrated his efforts to recapture Muscat, compelling him to court the

French French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...

. He granted the French coaling facilities for their fleet at Bandar Jissah near Muscat. Determined to thwart any growth in French presence in what Britain considered its sphere of influence, Britain presented Faisal ibn Turki with an ultimatum in 1899 ordering the sultan to board the British flagship or Muscat would be bombarded. Having little recourse, Faisal ibn Turki capitulated. Publicly humiliated, his authority was irreversibly damaged. In 1903 he asked Lord

George Nathaniel Curzon George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (11 January 1859 – 20 March 1925), known as Lord Curzon (), was a British statesman, Conservative politician, explorer and writer who served as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905 and F ...

, viceroy of

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, for permission to abdicate, but his request was denied. Responsibility for the capital was delegated to

Said ibn Muhammad Al Said Said can refer to: * Speech, or the act of speaking * Saʽid, a male Arabic given name * Said (honorific), a honorific in Islamic culture * Said, Iran (disambiguation), multiple places in Iran * Port Said, a city in Egypt * Saïd Business School ...

, while affairs of the interior fell to an ex-slave,

Sulayman ibn Suwaylim Sulayman (Arabic: سُلِيمَان ''sulaymān'') is an Arabic name of the Biblical king and Islamic prophet Solomon meaning 'man of peace', derived from the Hebrew name Shlomo. The name Sulayman is a diminutive of the name Salman (سَلْما� ...

. By 1913 control over the interior was completely lost, and a reconstituted imamate was again a threat to Muscat. In May 1913,

Salim ibn Rashid al Kharusi Salim, Saleem or Selim may refer to: People *Salim (name), or Saleem or Salem or Selim, a name of Arabic origin ** Salim (poet) (1800–1866), Kurdish poet **Saleem (playwright), Palestinian-American gay Muslim playwright, actor, DJ, and dancer ...

was elected

imam Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...

Tanuf Nizwa () is the largest city in Ad Dakhiliyah Region in Oman and was the capital of Oman proper. Nizwa is about (1.5 hour drive) from the Omani capital Muscat. The population is estimated at around 83,544 people. Nizwa is one of the oldest ...

and spearheaded a revolt against the sultan that combined both

Hinawi The Hināwī are one of two major tribal groupings of History of Oman, Oman and the Trucial Coast, the other being the Ghafiri, Ghāfirī. Characterized as two significant factions having distinct interests and organizations, their rivalry began app ...

and

Ghafiri The Ghāfirī (also ''Ghafiri'' or ''al-Ghafiriyah'') are one of two major tribal confederations of History of Oman, Oman and the Trucial Coast, the other being the Hinawi, Hināwī. Both confederations claim their origin to the Bedouin tribe and th ...

tribal groups. On Faisal's death, he was succeeded by his second son, Taimur bin Faisal. Sultan Haitham, the current ruler of Oman, is a direct descendant of Faisal bin Turki.

Marriage and issue

Faisal married Sayyida Aliyah bin Thuwaini, the daughter of Sultan Thuwaini bin Said. Faisal Bin Turki had at least 22 children by several different mothers. * Sultan Taimur bin Faisal (1886-1965), son of Sayyida Aliyah * Sayyid Nadir bin Faisal (1888-1971) * Sayyid Muhammad bin Faisal * Sayyid Hamad bin Faisal * Sayyid Hamud bin Faisal (d. 1949) * Sayyid Salim bin Faisal * Sayyid Ali bin Faisal (d. 1970) * Sayyid Malik bin Faisal (d. 1971) * Sayyid Shihab bin Faisal (d. 1975) * Sayyid Badran bin Faisal * Sayyid Abbas bin Faisal (b. 1913) * Sayyid Matar bin Faisal * Sayyida Burda bint Faisal * Sayyida Rahma bint Faisal * Sayyida Ruma bint Faisal * Sayyida Taimura bint Faisal (d. 1976) * Sayyida Aliya bint Faisal * Sayyida Walyam bint Faisal * Sayyida Shatu bint Faisal * Sayyida Saraya bint Faisal * Sayyida Shirin bint Faisal * Sayyida Shuruk bint Faisal

Honours

* Grand Master of the

Order of Al Said The Order of Al Said () is the highest order of Oman. History The order was originally founded by Sultan Taimur bin Faisal in 1913, the first year of his reign. In 1911, he attended the Delhi Durbar of King George V and wanted to create an ...

- 1913 *

Honorary Knight Grand Commander of the

Order of the Indian Empire The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes: #Knight Grand Commander (:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, ...

- 1904 *

King Edward VII's Delhi Durbar Gold Medal – 1903 * UK King George V Coronation Medal ribbon

King George V's Delhi Durbar Gold Medal – 1911 * First class in brilliants of the Order of Hamondieh

Ancestry

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faisal bin Turki Al Said dynasty Sultans of Oman Sons of Omani sultans 1864 births 1913 deaths 19th-century Omani people 20th-century Omani people Omani people of Ethiopian descent Omani Ibadi Muslims 19th-century Omani politicians People from Bombay Presidency 19th-century monarchs in the Middle East 20th-century monarchs in the Middle East Honorary Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire