Fairness or being fair can refer to:
*
Justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the idea that individuals should be treated fairly. According to the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the ''Institutes (Justinian), Inst ...
: in particular,
impartiality
Impartiality (also called evenhandedness or fair-mindedness) is a principle of justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the idea that individuals should be treated fairly. According to the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', the mo ...
,
objectivity, and decisions based on
merit
* The character in the award-nominated musical comedy ''
A Theory of Justice: The Musical.''
*
Equity (law)
In the field of jurisprudence, equity is the particular body of law, developed in the English Court of Chancery, with the general purpose of providing legal remedies for cases wherein the common law is inflexible and cannot fairly resolve the ...
, a legal principle allowing for the use of discretion and fairness when applying justice
*
Social justice
Social justice is justice in relation to the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society where individuals' rights are recognized and protected. In Western and Asian cultures, the concept of social justice has of ...
, equality and solidarity in a society
*
Distributive justice
Distributive justice concerns the Social justice, socially just Resource allocation, allocation of resources, goods, opportunity in a society. It is concerned with how to allocate resources fairly among members of a society, taking into account fa ...
, the perceived appropriateness of the distribution of goods, benefits, and other outcomes in a society, group, or organization (see also:
teleology
Teleology (from , and )Partridge, Eric. 1977''Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English'' London: Routledge, p. 4187. or finalityDubray, Charles. 2020 912Teleology. In ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' 14. New York: Robert Appleton ...
)
*
Procedural justice
Procedural justice is the idea of fairness in the processes that resolve disputes and allocate resources. One aspect of procedural justice is related to discussions of the administration of justice and legal proceedings. This sense of procedura ...
, the perceived appropriateness of rules or procedures used to allocate goods, benefits, and other outcomes (see also:
deontology
In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek language, Greek: and ) is the normative ethics, normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a ...
)
*
Interactional justice Interactional justice is defined by sociologist John R. Schermerhorn as the "...degree to which the people affected by decision are treated by dignity and respect" (''Organizational Behavior'', 2013). The theory focuses on the interpersonal treatmen ...
, the perceived appropriateness of interpersonal treatment
*
Environmental justice
Environmental justice is a social movement that addresses injustice that occurs when poor or marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit. The movement has gene ...
, the perceived appropriateness of the use or treatment of the environment or people via the environment, typically as a function of interpersonal or international relations
*
Fairness measure
Fairness measures or metrics are used in network engineering to determine whether users or applications are receiving a fair share of system resources. There are several mathematical and conceptual definitions of fairness.
Transmission Control Pr ...
, metrics to quantify the fair distribution of resources
* Perceptions associated with the
ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and
superior temporal sulcus
The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is the sulcus separating the superior temporal gyrus from the middle temporal gyrus, in the temporal lobe of the mammalian brain. A sulcus (plural sulci) is a deep groove that curves into the largest part of ...
brain regions, in the case of
procedural justice
Procedural justice is the idea of fairness in the processes that resolve disputes and allocate resources. One aspect of procedural justice is related to discussions of the administration of justice and legal proceedings. This sense of procedura ...
, and the
anterior cingulate cortex
In human brains, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a "collar" surrounding the frontal part of the corpus callosum. It consists of Brodmann areas 24, 32, and 33.
It is involved ...
,
anterior insula, and
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC or DL-PFC) is an area in the prefrontal cortex of the primate brain. It is one of the most recently derived parts of the human brain. It undergoes a prolonged period of maturation which lasts into adulthoo ...
, in the case of
distributive justice
Distributive justice concerns the Social justice, socially just Resource allocation, allocation of resources, goods, opportunity in a society. It is concerned with how to allocate resources fairly among members of a society, taking into account fa ...
* Fairness, absence of bias in specific realms:
** In American broadcasting, presentation of controversies in accord with the
Fairness Doctrine.
** In computer science,
fairness is a property of
unbounded nondeterminism
In computer science, unbounded nondeterminism or unbounded indeterminacy refers to a behavior in concurrency (multiple tasks running at once) where a process may face unpredictable delays due to competition for shared resources—such as a print ...
.
** In computer science, and specifically in machine learning,
fairness is a desirable property of algorithms to avoid
bias
Bias is a disproportionate weight ''in favor of'' or ''against'' an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individ ...
.
** In network engineering, access to resources formally rated by a
fairness measure
Fairness measures or metrics are used in network engineering to determine whether users or applications are receiving a fair share of system resources. There are several mathematical and conceptual definitions of fairness.
Transmission Control Pr ...
** In game theory, abstract principles for achieving
fair division
Fair division is the problem in game theory of dividing a set of resources among several people who have an Entitlement (fair division), entitlement to them so that each person receives their due share. The central tenet of fair division is that ...
** In economics, relation among economic factors where price matches
fair value
In accounting, fair value is a rational and unbiased estimate of the potential market price of a good, service, or asset. The derivation takes into account such objective factors as the costs associated with production or replacement, market c ...
that is (not only bias-free but also) rational
* Fairness of human pigmentation,
relatively light coloring, especially of skin
*
Beauty
Beauty is commonly described as a feature of objects that makes them pleasure, pleasurable to perceive. Such objects include landscapes, sunsets, humans and works of art. Beauty, art and taste are the main subjects of aesthetics, one of the fie ...
, the original meaning of the word
* Being fair, property of motion of a batted baseball that qualifies it as a
fair ball
In baseball, a fair ball is a batted ball that entitles the batter to attempt to reach first base. By contrast, a foul ball is a batted ball that does not entitle the batter to attempt to reach first base. Whether a batted ball is fair or foul is ...
*
Sportsmanship
Sportsmanship is an aspiration or ethos that a sport or activity will be enjoyed for its own sake, and with proper consideration for wikt:fairness, fairness, ethics, respect, and a sense of fellowship with one's competitors. A "sore loser" r ...
{{disambiguation