faculty (university)

A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges (e.g., "college of arts and sciences") or schools (e.g., "school of business"), but may also mix terminology (e.g., Harvard University has a "faculty of arts and sciences" but a "law school").

History

The medieval University of Bologna, which served as a model for most of the later medieval universities in Europe, had four faculties: students began at the Faculty of Arts, graduates from which could then continue at the higher Faculties of Theology, Law, and Medicine. The privilege to establish these four faculties was usually part of medieval universities’ charters, but not every university could do so in practice.

The ''Faculty of Arts'' took its name from the seven liberal arts: the triviumThe three of the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, dialectics) and the quadriviumThe four of the natural sciences (arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy). In German, Scandinavian, Slavic and related universities, it would more often be called the ''Faculty of Philosophy''.The medieval university Arts/Philosophy faculty soon expanded its curriculum with the three Aristotelian philosophies: physics, metaphysics and moral philosophy. The degree of Magister Artium (Master of Arts) derives its name from the Faculty of Arts, while the degree of Doctor Philosophiae (Doctor of Philosophy) derives its name from the Faculty of Philosophy, German name of the same faculty. Whether called ''Faculty of Arts'' or ''Faculty of Philosophy'', it taught a range of subjects with general and fundamental applicability.

The higher ''Faculty of Law'' and ''Faculty of Medicine'' were intended, much like today, for specialized education required for professions. The ''Faculty of Theology'' was the most prestigious, as well as least common in the first 500 years—and generally one that popes sought most to control. Although also "professional" education for clergy, theology (until the Enlightenment) was also seen as the ultimate subject at universities, named "The Queen of the Sciences", and often set the example for the other faculties.

The number of faculties has usually multiplied in modern universities, both through subdivisions of the traditional four faculties and through the absorption of academic disciplines that developed within originally vocational schools, in areas such as engineering or agriculture.

Faculty of Arts

A Faculty of Arts is a university division teaching in areas traditionally classified as "liberal arts" for academic purposes (from Latin , "worthy of a free person", and , "art or principled practice"), generally including creative arts, writing, philosophy, and humanities.

A traditional division of the teaching bodies of medieval universities (the others being Law, Medicine and Theology), the Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank but also the largest (the higher faculties admitted only Arts graduates).The Faculty of Arts
- Catholic Encyclopedia article Instead of "Arts", this faculty often had the name " Philosophy". Nowadays this is still a common name for faculties teaching humanities (e.g.,) no, Det filosofiske fakultet, sl, Filozofska fakulteta).

Faculty of Classics

A Faculty of Classics may be focused on ancient history and ancient literature. The title may refer to the following faculties:

* Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge
* Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford

Faculty of Commerce

Faculty of Commerce examples include:

* Faculty of Commerce: Banaras Hindu University
* Faculty of Commerce: University of Wollongong
* Faculty of Commerce, Social Welfare & Business Management: University of Calcutta
* Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy: Thammasat University

Faculty of Economics

Faculty of Economics (''Ekonomski fakultet'' in most South Slavic languages) may refer to, amongst others:

* MSU Faculty of Economics, located in Moscow, Russia
* University of Belgrade Faculty of Economics, located in Belgrade, Serbia
* University of Montenegro Faculty of Economics, located in Podgorica, Montenegro
* Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, located in Zagreb, Croatia
* University of Osijek Faculty of Economics, located in Osijek, Croatia
* School of Economics and Business Sarajevo, located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* University of Kragujevac Faculty of Economics, located in Kragujevac, Serbia
* Makerere University School of Economics, located in Kampala, Uganda

Faculty of Education

Faculty of Education examples include:

* Faculty of Education, Banaras Hindu University
* Faculty of Education, McGill University
* Faculty of Education, Queen's University
* Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge
* Faculty of Education, University of Colombo
* Faculty of Education, University of London
* Faculty of Education, University of Osijek
* Faculty of Education, University of Strathclyde
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