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Emanuele Severino (26 February 1929 – 17 January 2020) was an Italian philosopher.


Biography

Severino studied at the
University of Brescia The University of Brescia ( it, Università degli Studi di Brescia) is an Italian public research university located in Brescia, Italy. It was founded in 1982 and is branched in 4 Faculties. The University of Brescia was officially established ...
and graduated at the
University of Pavia The University of Pavia ( it, Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV or ''Università di Pavia''; la, Alma Ticinensis Universitas) is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. There was evidence of teaching as early as 1361, making it one ...
under Gustavo Bontadini with the first Italian dissertation on
Martin Heidegger Martin Heidegger (; ; 26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher who is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism. He is among the most important and influential philosophers of the 20th centur ...
and the
Metaphysics Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of conscio ...
. Subsequently, Severino broke publicly from Bontadini in 1970 while both were members of faculty of the
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (English: ''Catholic University of the Sacred Heart'', colloquially the ''Catholic University of Milan''), known as UCSC or UNICATT or simply Cattolica, is an Italian private research university founded in 19 ...
in Milan. A student of his as a young man at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore was Cardinal
Angelo Scola Angelo Scola (; born 7 November 1941) is an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church, philosopher and theologian. He was Archbishop of Milan from 2011 to 2017. He had served as Patriarch of Venice from 2002 to 2011. He has been a cardinal since 20 ...
, who later served as
Archbishop of Milan The Archdiocese of Milan ( it, Arcidiocesi di Milano; la, Archidioecesis Mediolanensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy which covers the areas of Milan, Monza, Lecco and Varese. It has l ...
. Severino spent a number of years on the faculty of the
University of Venice Ca' Foscari University of Venice ( it, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, simply Università Ca' Foscari) is a public university in Venice, Italy. Since its foundation in 1868, it has been housed in the Venetian Gothic palace of Ca' Foscari, from w ...
as well. Because of his original philosophical position, the so-called ''neoparmenidism'', Severino was claimed to be "a giant" and "the only philosopher who in the 20th century can be compared to
Heidegger Martin Heidegger (; ; 26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher who is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism. He is among the most important and influential philosophers of the 20th centur ...
" (
Massimo Cacciari Massimo Cacciari (; born 5 June 1944) is an Italian philosopher, politician and public intellectual. Biography Born in Venice, Cacciari graduated in philosophy from the University of Padua (1967), where he also received his doctorate, writing a ...
). In 1970, the
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith The Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith (DDF) is the oldest among the departments of the Roman Curia. Its seat is the Palace of the Holy Office in Rome. It was founded to defend the Catholic Church from Heresy in Christianity, heresy and is ...
ruled that Severino's ideas were not compatible with Christianity as the basis of Severino's belief in "the eternity of all being," a belief said to eliminate a Creator God. Severino received from the
President of the Italian Republic President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
the "Golden medal of the Republic for culture merits" (''Medaglia d’oro della Repubblica per i Benemeriti della Cultura''). In April 2019, Severino was interviewed by the then Italian premier
Giuseppe Conte Giuseppe Conte (; born 8 August 1964) is an Italian jurist, academic, and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy, prime minister of Italy from June 2018 to February 2021. He has been the president of the Five Star Movement (M5S) sin ...
who defined him a focal point of the
theoretical philosophy The modern division of philosophy into theoretical philosophy and practical philosophyImmanuel Kant, ''Lectures on Ethics'', Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 41 ("On Universal Practical Philosophy"). Original text: Immanuel Kant, ''Kant’s Ges ...
at an international level. Severino died in January 2020 due to a lung disease.


The eternity of all beings

Severino confronts an ancient problem, rooted in
Plato Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution ...
and
Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...
and taken up in the modern era by Heidegger, that of Being. For Severino, all the philosophies which have been formed up to now are characterised by one fundamental error, faith in the Greek sense of becoming. Indeed, since the ancient Greeks, a being (or anything which is) has been considered as coming from nothing, granted existence temporarily, and then returning into nothing. Severino, reflecting on the absolute opposition between
Being In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exis ...
and non-Being, given that between the two terms there is nothing in common, considers it evident that being can only remain constantly unchanging, not being changed by anything which is not itself. Thus, since Being is the totality of what exists, there can be nothing else besides it endowed with existence (Severino thereby refutes the concept of ontological difference as put forward by Heidegger). For Severino, therefore, the entire history of philosophy is based on the erroneous conviction that Being can become nothing.


Notable alumni

Among his notable alumini there were the following Italian philosophers: Umberto Galimberti, Luigi Ruggiu (b. 1939), Carmelo Vigna (b. 1940), Mario Ruggenini (1940-2021), Salvatore Natoli (b. 1942), Italo Valent (1944-2003), Luigi Vero Tarca (b. 1947), Luigi Lentini, Giorgio Brianese (1958-2021), Massimo Donà (b. 1952).


Bibliography

Not many of Severino's works have been translated. One of his crucial works has been translated into German: ''Vom Wesen des Nihilismus'', and into English as ''The Essence of Nihilism''. * ''La struttura originaria,'' Brescia, La Scuola, 1958. Nuova edizione, con modifiche e una Introduzione 1979, Milano, Adelphi, 1981 * ''Per un rinnovamento nella interpretazione della filosofia fichtiana'', Brescia, La Scuola,1960 * ''Studi di filosofia della prassi'', Milano, Vita e pensiero, 1963; nuova ediz.ampliata, Milano, Adelphi, 1984 * ''Ritornare a Parmenide'', in «Rivista di filosofia neoscolastica», LVI 964 n. 2, pp. 137–175; poi in ''Essenza del nichilismo'', Brescia, Paideia, 1972, pp. 13–66; nuova edizione ampliata, Milano, Adelphi, 1982, pp. 19–61 * ''Essenza del nichilismo. Saggi'', Brescia, Paideia, 1972; seconda edizione ampliata, Milano, Adelphi, 1982 * ''Vom Wesen des Nihilismus'', Stuttgart, Klett-Cotta, 1983, Translation by Magda Oschwald-Di Felice * ''Gli abitatori del tempo. Cristianesimo, marxismo, tecnica'', Roma, Armando, 1978; nuova edizione ampliata, ivi, 1981 * ''Téchne. Le radici della violenza'', Milano, Rusconi, 1979; seconda edizione, ivi, 1988; nuova edizione ampliata, Milano, Rizzoli, 2002 * ''Legge e caso'', Milano, Adelphi, 1979 * ''Destino della necessità. Katà tò chreòn'', Milano, Adelphi, 1980; nuova edizione, senza modifiche sostanziali, ivi, 1999 * ''A Cesare e a Dio'', Milano, Rizzoli, 1983; nuova ediz., ivi, 2007 * ''La strada'', Milano, Rizzoli, 1983; nuova ediz., ivi, 2008 * ''La filosofia antica'', Milano, Rizzoli, 1984; nuova ediz. ampliata, ivi, 2004 * ''La filosofia moderna'', Milano, Rizzoli, 1984; nuova ediz. ampliata, ivi, 2004 * ''Il parricidio mancato'', Milano, Adelphi, 1985 * ''La filosofia contemporanea'', Milano, Rizzoli, 1986; nuova ediz. ampliata, ivi, 2004 * Traduzione e interpretazione dell’''Orestea'' di Eschilo, Milano, Rizzoli, 1985 * ''La tendenza fondamentale del nostro tempo'', Milano, Adelphi, 1988; nuova ediz., ivi, 2008 * ''Il giogo. Alle origini della ragione: Eschilo'', Milano, Adelphi, 1989. * ''La filosofia futura,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1989; nuova ediz. ampliata, ivi, 2005 * ''Il nulla e la poesia. Alla fine dell’età della tecnica: Leopardi,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1990; nuova ediz., ivi, 2005 * ''Filosofia. Lo sviluppo storico e le fonti'', Firenze, Sansoni, 3 voll. * ''Oltre il linguaggio,'' Milano, Adelphi, 1992 * ''La guerra,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1992 * ''La bilancia. Pensieri sul nostro tempo,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1992 * ''Il declino del capitalismo,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1993; nuova ediz., ivi, 2007 * ''Sortite. Piccoli scritti sui rimedi (e la gioia),'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1994 * ''Pensieri sul Cristianesimo,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1995; nuov ediz., ivi, 2010. * ''Tautótēs,'' Milano, Adelphi, 1995 * ''La filosofia dai Greci al nostro tempo'', Milano, Rizzoli, 1996 * ''La follia dell'angelo,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1997; nuova ediz., Milano, Mimesis, 2006 * ''Cosa arcana e stupenda. L’Occidente e Leopardi,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1998; nuova ediz., ivi, 2006 * ''Il destino della tecnica,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1998; nuova ediz., ivi, 2009 * ''La buona fede,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 1999 * ''L’anello del ritorno,'' Milano, Adelphi, 1999 * ''Crisi della tradizione occidentale,'' Milano, Marinotti, 1999 * ''La legna e la cenere. Discussioni sul significato dell'esistenza,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2000 * ''Il mio scontro con la Chiesa,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2001 * ''La Gloria,'' Milano, Adelphi, 2001 * ''Oltre l’uomo e oltre Dio, con Alessandro Di Chiara, Genova, Il melangolo, 2002 * ''Lezioni sulla politica,'' Milano, Marinotti, 2002 * ''Tecnica e architettura,'' Milano, Cortina, 2003 * ''Dall'Islam a Prometeo,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2003 * ''Fondamento della contraddizione,'' Milano, Adelphi, 2005 * ''Nascere, e altri problemi della coscienza religiosa,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2005 * ''La natura dell'embrione,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2005 * ''Il muro di pietra. Sul tramonto della tradizione filosofica,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2006 * ''L'identità della follia. Lezioni veneziane,'' a cura di Giorgio Brianese, Giulio Goggi, Ines Testoni, Milano, Rizzoli, 2007 * ''Oltrepassare,'' Milano, Adelphi, 2007 * ''Dialogo su Etica e Scienza'' (con Edoardo Boncinelli), 2008, Editrice San Raffaele, Milano * ''Immortalità e destino,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2008 * ''La buona fede,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2008 * ''L'etica del capitalismo,'' Milano, Albo Versorio, 2008 * ''Verità, volontà, destino,'' con un saggio di M. Donà, Milano-Udine, Mimesis, 2008(con due CD audio). * ''L'identità del destino,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2009 * ''Il diverso come icona del male,'' Bollati Boringhieri, 2009 * ''Democrazia, tecnica, capitalismo,'' Morcelliana, 2009 * ''Discussioni intorno al senso della verità,'' Pisa, Edizioni ETS, 2009 * ''La guerra e il mortale,'' a cura di Luca Taddio, con un saggio di Giorgio Brianese, Milano-Udine, Mimesis, 2010 (con due CD audio). * ''Macigni e spirito di gravità,'' Milano, Rizzoli, 2010 * ''L'intima mano,'' Milano, Adelphi, 2010 * ''Il mio ricordo degli eterni,'' Rizzoli, 2011 * ''La morte e la terra,'' Milano, Adelphi, 2011 * ''The Essence of Nihilism,'' London-New York, Verso Books, 2016 * ''Il futuro della filosofia,'' a cura di Riccardo Rita, Roma, Armando Curcio Editore, 2021


References


External links


Official website of Professor Emanuele Severino
{{DEFAULTSORT:Severino, Emanuele 1929 births 2020 deaths University of Pavia alumni 20th-century Italian philosophers 21st-century Italian philosophers Philosophers of technology Academic staff of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Italian scholars of ancient Greek philosophy Italian Freemasons