The Efficiency Medal was instituted in 1930 for award to part-time warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and men after twelve years of efficient service on the active list of the

Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

or the Territorial Army of the United Kingdom, or of the other Auxiliary Military Forces throughout the

British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...

. At the same time a clasp was instituted for award to holders of the medal upon completion of further periods of six years of efficient service. The medal superseded the

Volunteer Long Service Medal The Volunteer Long Service Medal was instituted in 1894 as an award for long service by other ranks and some officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the medal was discontinued when it was superseded by the Territorial Force ...

, the Volunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies, the

Colonial Auxiliary Forces Long Service Medal The Colonial Auxiliary Forces Long Service Medal was instituted by Queen Victoria in 1899 as a military long service award for part-time members of all ranks in any of the organized military forces of the British Colonies, Dependencies and Prote ...

, the

Militia Long Service Medal The Militia Long Service Medal was a long service medal awarded by the United Kingdom between 1904 and 1930. Eligibility Established by King Edward VII by Army Order No. 211 of 1904, the medal was awarded to privates and non-commissioned offic ...

, the Special Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and the

Territorial Efficiency Medal The Territorial Efficiency Medal (TEM) was a United Kingdom award for long service in the Territorial Army. It superseded the Territorial Force Efficiency Medal when the Territorial Force became the Territorial Army in 1921. It was superseded by ...

. In the

British Commonwealth The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Co ...

, the Efficiency Medal was gradually superseded by national medals in some member countries, in Canada by the

Canadian Forces Decoration The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to t ...

in 1951, in the

Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Trans ...

by the

John Chard Medal The John Chard Medal is a military long service medal which was instituted by the Union of South Africa on 6 April 1952. Until 1986, it was awarded to members of the Citizen Force of the South African Defence Force for twelve years of efficient ...

in 1952 and in Australia by the Reserve Force Medal in 1982. In the United Kingdom the medal was superseded by the

Volunteer Reserves Service Medal The Volunteer Reserves Service Medal (VRSM) is a medal which may be awarded to members of the Volunteer Reserves of all branches of the British Armed Forces - the Royal Naval Reserve, the Royal Marines Reserve, the Army Reserve and the Royal Auxil ...

in 1999. New Zealand continues to award the

Efficiency Medal (New Zealand) The Efficiency Medal is a long service award for warrant officers, non-commissioned officers, and other ranks of the New Zealand Territorial Force. It is awarded for 12 years of continuous and efficient service. First awarded in 1931, it was a re ...

and is one of a few countries to still do so. (Accessed 26 May 2015)South African Medal Website - Union Defence Forces (1939-52)
(Accessed 3 May 2015)Government Notice no. 1982 of 1 October 1954 - ''Order of Precedence of Orders, Decorations and Medals'', published in the Government Gazette of 1 October 1954.Australian Government - It's an Honour - Reserve Force Medal
(Accessed 18 July 2015)Gov.UK - Medals: campaigns, descriptions and eligibility - Volunteer Reserves Service Medal
(Accessed 9 July 2015)

Origin

The Volunteer Long Service Medal was instituted in 1894 as an award for long service by other ranks in the part-time

Volunteer Force The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated ...

of the United Kingdom. In 1896 the grant of this medal was extended to members of Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and a separate new medal was instituted, the Volunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies. The latter medal was superseded by the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Long Service Medal in 1899, but continued to be awarded by the

Isle of Man ) , anthem = "O Land of Our Birth" , image = Isle of Man by Sentinel-2.jpg , image_map = Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg , mapsize = , map_alt = Location of the Isle of Man in Europe , map_caption = Location of the Isle of Man (green) in Europe ...

Bermuda ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = National song , song = " Hail to Bermuda" , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , mapsize2 = , map_caption2 = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = , e ...

and the

Indian Empire The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...

. The Militia Long Service Medal and the

Special Reserve The Special Reserve was established on 1 April 1908 with the function of maintaining a reservoir of manpower for the British Army and training replacement drafts in times of war. Its formation was part of the Haldane Reforms, military reforms im ...

Long Service and Good Conduct Medal were instituted in the United Kingdom in 1904 and 1908 respectively. Also in 1908, when the

Territorial Force The Territorial Force was a part-time volunteer component of the British Army, created in 1908 to augment British land forces without resorting to conscription. The new organisation consolidated the 19th-century Volunteer Force and yeomanry i ...

was formed, the Volunteer Long Service Medal was superseded by the

Territorial Force Efficiency Medal The Territorial Force Efficiency Medal was a United Kingdom award for long service in the Territorial Force between 1908 and 1921. Institution Established in 1908, the medal superseded the Volunteer Long Service Medal and the Imperial Yeomanr ...

, which itself was superseded by the Territorial Efficiency Medal in 1921 when the Territorial Force became the Territorial Army.Royal Dublin Fusiliers - Militia Long Service Medal
(Accessed 16 July 2015)The Fitzwilliam Museum - Special Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, Object Number CM.1312-2009, record id 141406
(Accessed 16 July 2015)Mackay, J., Mussell, J.W., Editorial Team of Medal News, (2005), ''The Medal Yearbook'', page 226, (Token Publishing Limited)

Institution

The Efficiency Medal was instituted by Royal Warrant on 23 September 1930, as a long service award for part-time warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the Militia or the Territorial Army of the United Kingdom, and of the Auxiliary Military Forces of the British Dominions, Colonies and Protectorates and India. At the same time a clasp was instituted, for award to recipients of the medal upon completion of further periods of efficient service.
(Accessed 16 July 2015) The medal consolidated the various existing long service medals for part-time service into one medal to reward the long service and good conduct of warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and men throughout the British Empire. It superseded the Volunteer Long Service Medal, the Volunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies, the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Long Service Medal, the Militia Long Service Medal, the Special Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and the Territorial Efficiency Medal. The medal bears a subsidiary title to denote whether the recipient qualified for its award while serving in the Militia or the Territorial Army or in one of the other Auxiliary Military Forces of the Empire. The subsidiary title was inscribed on a scroll bar attached to the medal suspender, "MILITIA", "TERRITORIAL" or "T.& A.V.R." in respect of the United Kingdom's Militia, Territorial Army and

Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve The Army Reserve is the active-duty volunteer reserve force of the British Army. It is separate from the Regular Reserve whose members are ex-Regular personnel who retain a statutory liability for service. The Army Reserve was known as the Ter ...

respectively, or the name of the applicable country in respect of other Auxiliary Military Forces. The equivalent award for commissioned officers was the

Efficiency Decoration The Efficiency Decoration, post-nominal letters TD for recipients serving in the Territorial Army of the United Kingdom or ED for those serving in the Auxiliary Military Forces, was instituted in 1930 for award to part-time officers after twe ...

Award criteria

The medal could be awarded to part-time warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and men after twelve years of continuous efficient service on the active list of the Militia, the Territorial Army or of any other Auxiliary Military Force of the British Empire. War service was reckoned two-fold, as did service in West Africa, although service by natives of West Africa and periods spent on leave counted only singly. Service during the period from 3 September 1939 to 1 March 1950 inclusive need not have been continuous, while breaks in service under certain specified conditions, though not counting as qualifying service, were not considered as a break in the twelve years of continuous service qualifying for the medal.North East Medals - Efficiency Medal
(Accessed 17 July 2015) Clasps could initially be awarded to holders of the medal upon completion of eighteen and twenty-four years of efficient service. This was amended on 26 August 1944 to authorise the award of additional clasps for each additional completed period of six years of efficient service after twenty-four years.
(Accessed 16 July 2015) Post war, the maximum number of clasps awarded to one recipient is six. A further amendment on 10 May 1946 made part-time officers who served during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

also eligible for the award of the medal and clasp, provided they were serving on the active list of the Territorial Army, the Auxiliary Territorial Service or any Auxiliary Military Force on 2 September 1939 and were embodied or called up for war service. The reason for this amendment originated from the anomaly that, during the war, a large number of officers were commissioned from the ranks, and merely by the fact that they were so promoted owing to their efficiency, would be denied the right to the Efficiency Medal. Such officers were allowed to reckon their service as officers as qualifying service for the medal and clasps. Officers who had already qualified for the award of the Efficiency Decoration before that date were, however, not eligible.Hansard - HL Deb 15 November 1945 vol 137 cc994-9 - Lord Croft on the Territorial Efficiency Medal
(Accessed 19 July 2015)

Order of wear

In the order of wear prescribed by the British

Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood The Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, or simply the Central Chancery, is an office of the Lord Chamberlain’s department within the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for the administration of or ...

, the Efficiency Medal takes precedence after the

and before the Special Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal.

Description

The medal was struck in silver and is oval, high and wide. The fixed suspender bar, a pair of laurel leaves, is affixed to the medal by means of a single-toe claw and a horizontal pin through the upper edge of the medal. The suspender is decorated on the obverse with a scroll-pattern bar, inscribed to indicate the military force in which the recipient was serving at the time of qualification for the award.

Obverse

Six versions of the medal have been awarded, the sixth only in Canada. The obverse has a raised rim on all versions and bears the crowned effigy of the reigning monarch. Efficiency Medal (Territorial) George V

Efficiency Medal (Territorial) George VI v2

Efficiency Medal (South Africa) Elizabeth II v1

* The original version has the effigy of

King George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. Born during the reign of his grandmother Que ...

in coronation robes and wearing the

Tudor Crown The Tudor Crown, also known as Henry VIII's Crown, was the imperial and state crown of English monarchs from around the time of Henry VIII until it was destroyed during the Civil War in 1649. It was described by the art historian Sir Roy St ...

. It is circumscribed "GEORGIVS•V•D•G•BRITT•OMN REX•ET•INDIÆ•IMP•". The initials "BM" at the bottom of the effigy are those of the designer of the obverse, Sir

Bertram Mackennal Sir Edgar Bertram Mackennal (12 June 186310 October 1931), usually known as Bertram Mackennal, was an Australian sculptor and medallist, most famous for designing the coinage and stamps bearing the likeness of George V. He signed his work "BM". ...

KCVO, an Australian sculptor.Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, (MUP), 1986 – Mackennal, Sir Edgar Bertram (1863–1931), article by Noel S. Hutchison
(Accessed 14 June 2015) * The first

King George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of Ind ...

version was introduced after his succession to the throne in 1936 and has his effigy in coronation robes and wearing the Tudor Crown, facing left and circumscribed "GEORGIVS•VI•D•G•BR•OMN•REX•ET•INDIÆ•IMP•". The initials "PM" below the effigy are those of the designer of the obverse, sculptor

Percy Metcalfe Percy Metcalfe, CVO, RDI (14 January 1895 Wakefield – 9 October 1970 Fulham Hospital, Hammersmith, London), (often spelled ''Metcalf'' without "e") was an English artist, sculptor and designer. He is recognised mostly for his coin designs a ...

CVO RDI.World of Coins - Percy Metcalfe, Coin Designer
(Accessed 17 July 2015) * The second King George VI version was introduced after 1947, when his title "

Emperor of India Emperor or Empress of India was a title used by British monarchs from 1 May 1876 (with the Royal Titles Act 1876) to 22 June 1948, that was used to signify their rule over British India, as its imperial head of state. Royal Proclamation of 22 ...

" was abandoned and reference to India was omitted from the medal inscription. The effigy on the obverse remained the same, but the circumscription was changed to "GEORGIVS VI DEI GRA BRITT: OMN: REX FID: DEF:". * The first

Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. She was queen ...

version was introduced after her succession to the throne in 1952 and has her effigy, facing right and wearing the Tudor Crown. It is circumscribed "ELIZABETH II D: G: BR: OMN: REGINA F: D:" reading around from the top. * The second Queen Elizabeth II version was introduced after her coronation in 1953 and has the same effigy, but is circumscribed "ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FID. DEF." reading around from the top. * The third Queen Elizabeth II version, created by Canada utilising a unique Royal Canadian Mint effigy of the Queen and awarded only to Canadians, has her crowned effigy, facing right and wearing the

Saint Edward's Crown St Edward's Crown is the centrepiece of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Named after Saint Edward the Confessor, versions of it have traditionally been used to crown English and British monarchs at their coronations since the 13th cen ...

. It is circumscribed "ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA".Orders and Medals Society of America - Efficiency Medal - Canada
(Accessed 3 January 2019)National Defence and the Canadian Forces - Obsolete Long Service Awards - Canadian Efficiency Medal
(Accessed 20 July 2015)

Scroll bar

Three suspender scroll bar inscriptions were used on medals awarded to members of part-time forces in the United Kingdom. * Militia. Medals awarded to members serving in those categories of the Supplementary Reserve whose roots lay in the Militia bore a scroll bar inscribed "MILITIA". Medals with this scroll bar version were awarded from 1930 until the formation of the Army Emergency Reserve in 1951. This scroll bar version appeared on the King George V and both King George VI versions of the medal. * Territorial. Medals awarded to members serving in the Territorial Army bore a scroll bar inscribed "TERRITORIAL". Medals with this scroll bar version were awarded from 1930 to 1967, when the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve was formed and a new scroll bar version was introduced. The "TERRITORIAL" scroll bar version was reinstated in 1982 and remained in use until the medal was superseded in the United Kingdom in 1999. This scroll bar version appeared on the King George V, both King George VI and first two Queen Elizabeth II versions of the medal. * T. & A.V.R. Medals awarded to members serving in the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve, established in 1967, bore a scroll bar inscribed "T. & A.V.R.". Along with this scroll bar version, a new medal ribbon was introduced, half blue and half green, edged in yellow. This scroll bar version appeared only on the second Queen Elizabeth II version of the medal and remained in use until 1982, when the use of the "TERRITORIAL" scroll bar version was resumed.The Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment - Territorial Decorations and Medals
(Accessed 13 January 2019) Medals awarded to members of the Auxiliary Military Forces of the British Dominions, Colonies and Protectorates and India bore scroll bars inscribed with the names of the respective countries. All six obverse versions of the medal were used for the Auxiliary Military Forces, but no country awarded all six versions. * Antigua. Only the first Queen Elizabeth II version was awarded. * Australia. The first five versions were awarded. * Barbados. The first five versions were awarded. * Bermuda. The first five versions were awarded. * British Guiana. The first four versions were awarded. * British Honduras. The first four versions were awarded. * Burma. Only the first King George VI version was awarded. * Canada. All three King's versions and the second and third Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded.Veterans Affairs Canada - Canadian Efficiency Medal
(Accessed 20 July 2015)National Defence and the Canadian Forces - Canadian Honours Chart - Canadian Forces' Decoration (CD)
(Accessed 18 July 2015) * Ceylon. The first four versions were awarded. * Dominica. Only the first King George VI version was awarded. * Falkland Islands. The King George V, first King George VI and first two Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Fiji. The second King George VI and the first two Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Gibraltar. The second King George VI and the first two Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Gold Coast. Only the two King George VI versions were awarded. * Grenada. Only the first King George VI version was awarded. * Guernsey. Both King George VI and the first two Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Hong Kong. The first five versions were awarded. * India. The first two versions were awarded. * Jamaica. The first four versions were awarded. * Jersey. Both King George VI and the second Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Kenya. Both King George VI and the first Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Leeward Islands. Both King George VI and the first Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Malaya. Both King George VI and the first Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Malta. Both King George VI and the first two Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Mauritius. Only the first Queen Elizabeth II version was awarded. * Montserrat. Only the second Queen Elizabeth II version was awarded. * New Zealand. The first five versions were awarded. * Nigeria. The King George V, second King George VI and first Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded. * Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Only the first Queen Elizabeth II version was awarded. * Saint Kitts and Nevis. Only the first Queen Elizabeth II version was awarded. * Saint Lucia. Only the first King George VI version was awarded. * Saint Vincent. Only the first King George VI version was awarded. * South Africa. The first two versions were awarded. * Southern Rhodesia. The first four versions were awarded. * Trinidad and Tobago. The two King George VI and first Queen Elizabeth II versions were awarded.

South Africa

The South African version of the medal was unique since the inscriptions on the scroll bar and the reverse of the medal were bilingual, in English and

Afrikaans Afrikaans (, ) is a West Germanic language that evolved in the Dutch Cape Colony from the Dutch vernacular of Holland proper (i.e., the Hollandic dialect) used by Dutch, French, and German settlers and their enslaved people. Afrikaans gra ...

on the scroll bar and in Afrikaans and English on the medal's reverse. The English-only Queen Elizabeth II version of the Efficiency Medal (South Africa), of which a miniature is depicted above to illustrate the first Queen Elizabeth II version of the obverse, was never awarded since the medal was superseded within a few months of the Queen's succession to the throne.

Reverse

The reverse is smooth with a raised rim and bears the inscription "FOR EFFICIENT SERVICE" in three lines. On the South African version, the Afrikaans and English inscriptions are "VIR BEKWAME DIENS" and "FOR EFFICIENT SERVICE", each language in three lines and the languages separated by a 13 millimetres long line. The name of the recipient was impressed on the rim of the medal.

Clasps

Two versions of the clasp were created. The King George V version, illustrated at the bottom alongside, is decorated with an embossed Tudor Crown and remained unaltered during the reign of King George VI. The Queen Elizabeth II version, illustrated at the top alongside, is decorated with an embossed Saint Edward's Crown. The clasps were struck in silver and were designed to be sewn onto the medal ribbon.

Ribbons

Three ribbons are used with the medal, all 32 millimetres wide. In the United Kingdom, an alternative ribbon is used when the medal is awarded to members of the Honourable Artillery Company, while a new regular ribbon was introduced in 1967. * The medal's original ribbon, which is still being used for awards outside the United Kingdom, is dark green, edged with 3 millimetres wide lime yellow bands. It is identical to the ribbon of the superseded Territorial Efficiency Medal. * Medals awarded to members of the

Honourable Artillery Company The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) is a reserve regiment in the British Army. Incorporated by royal charter in 1537 by King Henry VIII, it is the oldest regiment in the British Army and is considered the second-oldest military unit in the w ...

(HAC) are suspended from a half dark blue and half red ribbon with 2½ millimetre wide yellow edges, representing the racing colours of King Edward VII. An administrative oversight resulted in members of the HAC, reckoned as the oldest regiment of the

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...

, not being made eligible for the

until 1906. To compensate the HAC for this omission, that medal was awarded to its members with a special ribbon to distinguish it from regular awards, a distinction continued with subsequent Territorial and reserve long service awards, including the current

. * Following the formation of the

in 1967, the subsidiary title on the scroll bar was changed from "TERRITORIAL" to "T. & A.V.R." and the dark green and lime yellow ribbon was replaced by a half blue, half green ribbon, edged with 2½ millimetres wide lime yellow bands. In 1982 the title "Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve" reverted to the earlier "Territorial Army" and the subsidiary title on the medal reverted to "TERRITORIAL", but this new ribbon remained in use.

Army Emergency Reserve Efficiency Medal

A separate Army Emergency Reserve Efficiency Medal was instituted in September 1953 to reward long service in the Army Supplementary Reserve from 1924, and the Army Emergency Reserve from 1948. Awards were made on the same basis as the Efficiency Medal, with the same design of medal, save for the scroll bar which bore the inscription "Army Emergency Reserve" and the ribbon, which was dark blue ribbon with three yellow stripes towards the centre. The medal ceased to be awarded after 1967 on the creation of the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve, when it was replaced by the Efficiency Medal with scroll bar inscribed T. & A.V.R. Officers in the Emergency Reserve were eligible for the

Emergency Reserve Decoration The Emergency Reserve Decoration (ERD) was a British military decoration for long service, instituted on 17 November 1952 and given for service up to 1967. Eligibility It was awarded to officers of the Army Supplementary Reserve or Army Emergenc ...

Discontinuation

New Zealand continues to award the Efficiency Medal (New Zealand) and is one of a few countries to still do so. In the United Kingdom and some countries of the Commonwealth the medal was gradually superseded by new national medals. * Canada was the first to institute another medal to supersede the Efficiency Medal (Canada) on 7 June 1951, when the Canadian Forces Decoration was first awarded. Members who had joined the Canadian Forces before 1 September 1939, however, remained eligible for the award of the Efficiency Medal (Canada).Veterans Affairs Canada - Canadian Forces Decoration (CD)
(Accessed 18 July 2015) * In Ceylon, the Efficiency Medal (Ceylon) was suspended on 7 March 1972 and was later replaced by the

Karyakshama Seva Vibhushanaya __NOTOC__ The Karyakshama Seva Vibhushanaya (KSV, Efficient Service Order) ( Sinhala: කාර්යක්ෂම සේවා විභූෂණය ''kāryakṣama sēvā vibhūṣaṇaya'') is a service medal awarded by the Military of Sri La ...

(Efficient Service Order) on 7 January 1986. * In South Africa, the

Efficiency Medal (South Africa) The Efficiency Medal (South Africa) was instituted in 1930 for award to part-time warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and men after twelve years of efficient service on the active list of the Citizen Force of the Union of South Africa. A ...

was superseded on 6 April 1952 by the John Chard Medal, which could be awarded to all ranks after twelve years of continuous efficient service in the Citizen Force. * In Australia, the Efficiency Medal (Australia) was superseded on 20 April 1982 by the Reserve Force Medal, which could be awarded to other ranks of the

Australian Defence Force The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is the military organisation responsible for the defence of the Commonwealth of Australia and its national interests. It consists of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Forc ...

Reserves after fifteen years of service. * In the United Kingdom, the Efficiency Medal was superseded on 1 April 1999 by the Volunteer Reserves Service Medal, which can be awarded to all ranks after ten years of service in the Reserves.

References

{{Efficiency and long service decorations and medals Long and Meritorious Service Medals of Britain and the Commonwealth Awards established in 1930