Edmund Plowden

Sir Edmund Plowden (1519/20 – 6 February 1585) was a distinguished English lawyer, legal scholar and theorist during the late Tudor period.

Early life

Plowden was born at Plowden Hall, Lydbury North, Shropshire. He was the son of Humphrey Plowden (1490–1557), by his wife, Elizabeth Sturry (died 1559), widow of William Wollascot, and daughter of John Sturry, Esq., of Rossall, Shropshire. Educated at the University of Cambridge, he did not take a degree, and proceeded to the Middle Temple in 1538 to study law. Subsequent to studies at University of Oxford, Oxford, he qualified as a surgeon and physician in 1552.

Upon the accession of the Catholic Mary I of England, Queen Mary, Plowden was appointed one of the Council of the Marches (of Wales). In 1553, he was elected Member of Parliament for Wallingford (UK Parliament constituency), Wallingford (then in Berkshire now in Oxfordshire), followed, in the next two years, by the same office for both Reading (UK Parliament constituency), Reading, Berkshire and then Wootton Bassett (UK Parliament constituency), Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire. He lived mostly at Shiplake Court in Oxfordshire and Wokefield Park in Berkshire. The unusual breadth of his religious views were shown early in his career when he, however, withdrew from the House, on 12 January 1555, because he disapproved of the proceedings there.

Recusant under Elizabeth

His Roman Catholicism prevented Plowden from further promotion under Queen Elizabeth I, and he received increasing suspicion from members of the Privy Council. At the beginning of the reign he undertook the management of the Shropshire lands of Sir Francis Englefield, an important Catholic courtier under Mary who went into exile. In 1567 he, with Edward Saunders (judge), Edward Saunders, became joint guardian of Englefield's nephew and heir, Francis, through influence with the William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570), Earl of Pembroke.''Plowden, Edmund (1519/20-85), of the Middle Temple, London; Plowden, Salop; Shiplake, Oxon. and Burghfield, Berks.''
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At one time, it is said, the queen wished to elevate Plowden to the Lord Chancellorship. Plowden declined, deprecating religious persecution. The occasion, according to the ''History of Parliament'', could only have been the vacancy of 1578. Plowden continued in the Queen's employ in his capacity as a lawyer.

He sought to assist those of his faith, including his defence of Robert Horne (bishop), Robert Horne, Bishop of Winchester. In 1565 he defended Edmund Bonner, with William Lovelace (MP), William Lovelace and Christopher Wray (English judge), Christopher Wray.

Death

Plowden died on 6 February 1585 in London and was buried in the Temple Church in London, where survives his monument and recumbent effigy.

"The case is altered"

"The case is altered" was a proverbial expression in the 17th century, as well as the The Case is Altered, title of a 1609 play by Ben Jonson. As "the case is alter'd, quoth Plowden", it is attached to anecdotes. In one of them, while defending a gentleman charged with hearing Mass, Plowden worked out that the service had been performed by a layman for the sole purpose of informing against those present, and exclaimed, "The case is altered; no priest, no Mass", and thus secured an acquittal.

Works

Plowden is noted today for his legal scholarship and theory, in his written works:

*''Les comentaries ou les reportes de Edmunde Plowden'' (1571) in law French. The ''Commentaries'' were abridged by Thomas Ashe (legal writer), Thomas Ashe (around 1597), and indexed by William Fleetwood (judge), William Fleetwood. They contained a report by Plowden on the legal status of the Duchy of Lancaster in relation to The Crown, and its settlement by Henry IV of England. Plowden and Anthony Browne (justice), Anthony Browne had, two decades earlier, formulated the theory of the King's Two Bodies to explain political arrangements; Ernst Kantorowicz has argued that this doctrine came to the fore in the 1560s, in debates over the status of the Duchy.
*''Quares del Monsieur Plowden''.

''A Treatise on Succession'' attempted to prove that Mary, Queen of Scots, was not succession to Elizabeth I of England, debarred from the English throne under Henry VIII of England, Henry VIII's will.

Family

Plowden married Catherine Sheldon of Beoley, daughter of the Worcestershire Member of Parliament William Sheldon (died 1570), William Sheldon; they had three sons and two daughters (Anne and Mary). Anne was the wife of Francis Perkins of Ufton, Berkshire, and Mary was the wife of Richard White of Hutton, Essex. Mary was also the mother of Thomas White (scholar), Thomas White.

Plowden's sister Margaret inherited the Rossall estates and married Richard Sandford of Eglington. Plowden helped John Cole (died 1611), John Cole, husband of Alice Sandford, daughter of Richard, to gain the seat of in 1584.historyofparliamentonline.org, ''Cole, John (d.1611), of Cole Hall, Shrewsbury, Salop.''
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References

External links

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Plowden's Commentaries

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plowden, Edmund
1518 births
1585 deaths
British legal scholars
Lawyers from Shropshire
English legal writers
Recusants
English Roman Catholics
English legal professionals
People from Wallingford, Oxfordshire
People from Shiplake
People from West Berkshire District
Serjeants-at-law (England)
Burials at the Temple Church
English MPs 1553 (Mary I)
English MPs 1554–1555
English MPs 1555
16th-century Roman Catholics
16th-century English lawyers
Politicians from Shropshire