Exit And Entry Administration Of The People's Republic Of China

The National Immigration Administration (NIA), alternatively known as the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China (for mainland China's regional border controls with Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), is a sub-ministry-level executive agency administrated by the Ministry of Public Security. The administration is responsible for coordinating and formulating immigration policies and their implementation, border control, administering foreigners’ stay, management on refugees and nationality, taking the lead in coordinating the administering of foreigners who illegally enter, stay or are employed in China, and the repatriation of illegal immigrants. The NIA is also responsible for manning border checkpoints and have been involved in drug interdiction operations.

History

Prior to 2018, the Exit-Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security (known as the Sixth Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security), was in charge of public security entry-exit management. The public security departments and bureaus of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government had set up entry-exit administrations (divisions) responsible for the entry and exit administration of public security in their respective regions; most prefectures and cities and county-level public security agencies had heavy workloads and tasks. A special agency for entry and exit management was required to specifically perform various tasks for entry and exit management. The entry-exit administrative departments of the local public security organs at all levels accept the guidance of the entry-exit administrative departments of the higher-level public security organs, and at the same time accept the leadership of the public security organs at the same level.

The former People's Armed Police Border Defense Corps was an important armed law enforcement force deployed by the state in coastal areas and ports. It was subordinate to the Border Defense Administration of the Ministry of Public Security and implemented an active-duty armed police system. The border defense force was responsible for public security frontier defense corps in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, public security frontier defense detachments in borders and coastal areas (cities, prefectures, leagues), public security frontier defense squads in counties (cities, banners), and border defenses in towns along the border and coastal areas. The administration was also responsible for police stations set up on border security checkpoints on the main arterial roads leading to the border management areas in the inland, maritime police detachments and brigades in coastal areas and border checkpoints at open ports. As of 2018, there were 1845 border police stations nationwide.

In July 1998, nine cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen, Haikou, and Shantou established the entry-exit border checkpoints, which were vertically led by the Ministry of Public Security. In 2011, according to the Central Office document on the "approval on the adjustment of Beijing in seven vocational institutions specifications preparing Frontier Guard Inspection Station" (Central Office Document No. 54), Shenzhen FGIS and seven other professional Frontier Inspection Station Specifications adjusted from the deputy department level to the main department level with the institutional affiliation and staffing remaining unchanged.

On April 1, 2021, with the approval of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the National Immigration Management Agency will use its own flag and logo from April 2, 2021, onwards.

Organizational structure

The National Immigration Administration has an institution that Deputy Bureau level (副司局级), and each border inspection station and standing force are at Office level (正厅级). The National Immigration Service has the following subordinate bodies:

Internal organs

* Department of General Affairs (综合司) (Migration Issues International Cooperation Office—移民事务国际合作司）
* Department of Political and Legal Affairs (政策法规司)
* Department of Foreigner Management (外国人管理司)
* Department of Citizen Exit-Entry Management (公民出入境管理司)

* Department of Border Security Check (边防检查管理司)
* Department of Information Technology (信息科技司)
* Department of Cadres and Personnel (干部人事司)
* Logistics Support Division (后勤保障司)
* Unit Party Committee (机关党委)

Affiliated units

*Immigration Management Information Technology Research Institute (出入境管理信息技术研究所)
*Immigration Services Center (移民事务服务中心)
*Policing Security Center (警务保障中心)

Directly subordinate units

Immigration Inspection General Stations

* Beijing General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier inspection (北京出入境边防检查总站)
* Tianjin General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier inspection (天津出入境边防检查总站)
* (上海出入境边防检查总站)
* Guangzhou General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (广州出入境边防检查总站)
* Shenzhen General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier inspection (深圳出入境边防检查总站)
* Zhuhai General Station of Immigration Inspection (珠海出入境边防检查总站)
* (厦门出入境边防检查总站)
* Haikou General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (海口出入境边防检查总站)
* Chongqing General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (重庆出入境边防检查总站)
* Hebei General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (河北出入境边防检查总站)
* Shanxi General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection(山西出入境边防检查总站)
* Jilin General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (吉林出入境边防检查总站)
* Liaoning General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection, (辽宁出入境边防检查总站)
* Heilongjiang General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (黑龙江出入境边防检查总站)
* Shaanxi General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (陕西出入境边防检查总站)
* Gansu General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (甘肃出入境边防检查总站)
* Qinghai General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (青海出入境边防检查总站)
* Shandong General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (山东出入境边防检查总站)
* Zhejiang General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (浙江入境边防检查总站)

* Henan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (河南出入境边防检查总站)
* Hubei General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (湖北出入境边防检查总站)
* Hunan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (湖南出入境边防检查总站)
* Jiangxi General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (江西出入境边防检查总站)
* Jiangsu General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (江苏出入境边防检查总站)
* Anhui General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (安徽出入境边防检查总站)
* Sichuan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (四川出入境边防检查总站)
* Guizhou General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (贵州出入境边防检查总站)
* Yunnan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (云南出入境边防检查总站)
* Inner Mongolia General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (内蒙古出入境边防检查总站)
* Xinjiang General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (新疆出入境边防检查总站)
* Ningxia General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (宁夏出入境边防检查总站)
* Guangxi General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (广西出入境边防检查总站)
* Tibet General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (西藏出入境边防检查总站)

Police tactical units

The Hulunbuir Border Management Detachment of the Inner Mongolia General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection operates the Barga Commando Unit (), a police tactical unit used for border patrol, CQB anti-terrorism, anti-hijacking, apprehending dangerous suspects, search and rescue, bomb disposal and security at large events. It operates K9s, infantry mobility vehicles along with submachine guns and sniper rifles.

Reforms

From 1 April 2019 onwards, all mainland citizens can apply and receive passports and exit and entry permits from the NIA offices anywhere in the country, instead of requiring citizens to go to their Hukou city/province to apply. Also, exit and entry permits to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan can be applied to, received, and delivered within a few minutes on automatic machines.

See also

* Ministry of Public Security (China)
* People's Police (China)
* Immigration to China

References

External links

*

{{Border guards

State Council of China
Government agencies of China
Immigration services
Immigration to China
China