The exessive case (
abbreviated
An abbreviation () is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing per ...
) is a
grammatical case
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and Numeral (linguistics), numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a Nominal group (functional grammar), n ...
that denotes a transition away from a state. It is a rare case found in certain dialects of
Baltic-Finnic languages
The Finnic or Baltic Finnic languages constitute a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by the Baltic Finnic peoples. There are around 7 million speakers, who live mainly in Finland and Estonia.
Traditionally, ...
. It completes the series of "to/in/from a state" series consisting of the
translative case, the
essive case and the exessive case.
The exessive case has been described in
Estonian
Estonian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe
* Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent
* Estonian language
* Estonian cuisine
* Estonian culture
See also ...
,
South Estonian,
Livonian,
Votic,
Ingrian,
Ludic,
Karelian, and
Finnish.
Estonian
In the general pattern of the loss of a final vowel when compared to
Finnish, the
Estonian
Estonian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe
* Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent
* Estonian language
* Estonian cuisine
* Estonian culture
See also ...
exessive ending is ''-nt''.
Exessive case is unproductive in contemporary
Estonian
Estonian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe
* Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent
* Estonian language
* Estonian cuisine
* Estonian culture
See also ...
. It appears in words such as ''kodunt'' 'away from home' and ''tagant'' 'from behind', or
South Estonian ''mant'' 'away from the vicinity of something'. The exessive is more common in the language of Estonian folk songs.
[Prillop, Külli et al. 2020. ''Eesti keele ajalugu''. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus. p. 201.]
Finnish
The exessive is found only in
Savo
Savo may refer to:
Languages
* Savo dialect, forms of the Finnish language spoken in Savo, Finland
* Savo language, an endangered language spoken on Savo
People
* Savo (given name), a masculine given name from southern Europe (includes a list of ...
and southeastern dialects. Its ending is ''-nta/ntä''.
For example, ''tärähtäneentä terveeksi'' = "from loony to healthy", or a state change from mental illness to mental health.
There are some word forms in Finnish dialects in which the exessive appears in a
locative
In grammar, the locative case ( ; abbreviated ) is a grammatical case which indicates a location. In languages using it, the locative case may perform a function which in English would be expressed with such prepositions as "in", "on", "at", and " ...
sense. These are somewhat common, though nonstandard, for example ''takaanta''/''takanta'' (from behind, standard Finnish ''takaa''), ''siintä'' (from that/it or thence, standard Finnish ''siitä'').
Publications
*
Ariste, Paul. 1960. "Ekstsessiivist läänemere keeltes." In ''Emakeele Seltsi Aastaraamat'', VI, pp. 145-161.
*
See also
*
Votian Exessive
References
Further reading
*
External links
A Finnish text on the dialectal exessive
{{DEFAULTSORT:Exessive Case
Grammatical cases