Evaristo San Cristóval (26 October 1848,

Cerro de Pasco Cerro de Pasco is a city in central Peru, located at the top of the Andean Mountains. It is the capital of both the Pasco Province and the Department of Pasco, and an important mining center of silver, copper, zinc and lead. At an elevation of ...

– 8 December 1900,

Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...

) was a Peruvian painter, illustrator, and engraver.

Life and work

His father, Dionisio, was a member of the first Restorative Expedition during the

War of the Confederation The War of the Confederation () was a military confrontation waged by the United Restoration Army, the alliance of the land and naval forces of Chile and the Restoration Army of Peru, formed in 1836 by Peruvian soldiers opposed to the conf ...

and, after its defeat, settled in the remote village of Cerro de Pasco, where he was employed in mining. While still a young man, Evaristo moved to Lima, where he studied at the

College of Our Lady of Guadalupe The College of Our Lady of Guadalupe is a Secular education, secular public education school in Lima, Peru. Originally founded on Jirón Apurímac, Chacarilla Street in the Guadalupe neighbourhood on November 14, 1840, it moved in 1909 to its curr ...

from 1863 to 1868. He was already working as a draftsman and produced such high-quality work that found employment helping to build the Central Railway of Peru. During the

War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific (), also known by War of the Pacific#Etymology, multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru), Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Atacama Desert ...

, he served as a Major in the general staff of the army reserves. Later, he taught himself

lithography Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...

and, in 1887, set up his own workshop. His first commissions came from the Italian-born industrialist, Pedro Bacigalupi, who owned a printing press that was used to produce the magazine ''El Perú Ilustrado'', which was launched the same year. His portrait engravings were considered the magazine's highlights. It was published until 1892. He worked for several other publications as well; notably ''La Ilustración Americana'' (1890-1891), ''La Revista Americana'' (1891-1892), ''La Exposición de Lima'' (1892) and ''El Perú Artístico'' (1893-1894). He also served as the illustrator for some historical works; most famously, the ''Galería de los gobernadores y virreyes del Perú'', by José Antonio de Lavalle, published in 1891, for which he produced a complete set of portraits depicting the

Viceroys A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the Anglo-Norman ''roy'' (Old Frenc ...

. His portraits ran into the thousands; of prominent men and women. The exact number of his prints is unknown. He also did oil paintings, watercolors and

portrait miniatures A portrait miniature is a miniature portrait painting from Renaissance art, usually executed in gouache, Watercolor painting, watercolor, or Vitreous enamel, enamel. Portrait miniatures developed out of the techniques of the miniatures in illumin ...

Sources

* Jorge Basadre Grohmann: ''Historia de la República del Perú (1822 - 1933)'', Vol.10, p. 292–293. Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A. Lima, 2005. * Alberto Tauro del Pino: ''Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú.'' Tercera Edición. Vol.15. Lima, PEISA, 2001.

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:San Cristoval, Evaristo 1848 births 1900 deaths Peruvian artists Peruvian illustrators Lithographers People from the Department of Pasco 19th-century engravers College of Our Lady of Guadalupe alumni