Eugênia Anna Santos (''Mãe Aninha, Oba Biyi'';

Salvador, Bahia Salvador () is a Municipalities of Brazil, Brazilian municipality and capital city of the Federative units of Brazil, state of Bahia. Situated in the Zona da Mata in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region of Brazil, Salvador is recognize ...

, 13 July 1869 - Salvador, 3 January 1938) was a Brazilian Iyalorixá. She founded the

candomblé Candomblé () is an African diaspora religions, African diasporic religion that developed in Brazil during the 19th century. It arose through a process of syncretism between several of the traditional religions of West and Central Africa, especi ...

Ilê Axé Opó Afonjá in Salvador, now considered a National Historic Landmark, and in

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...

Life

Santos was born in 1869 to African parents of the Gurunsi nation. She served as the chief female officer, known as , of the Boa Morte sisterhood and Rosario brotherhood. In 1936, Santos was one of the founders of the .

Legacy

Santos is remembered for her great leadership qualities and strength. Author

Kim Butler Kim D. Butler (born 1960) is an American author and historian. Butler was awarded a PhD from Johns Hopkins University in 1996. Her first book is ''Freedoms Given, Freedoms Won: Afro-Brazilians in Post-Abolition São Paulo and Salvador.'' Th ...

states that she "went further than any other priest in transforming the into an alternative, African world in the heart of Brazil", which "reflected ways in which the

community was part of the larger Afro-Bahaian community". Darlene Clark Hine and Jacqueline McLeod credit her with moving the " out of the shadows by opening the doors of her to the international community". The Municipal School Eugenia Anna dos Santos was established in her name in 1978 for nursery children aged 6 months to 5 years, and from 1986, for elementary children from 1st to 4th grade.

References

Sources

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Bibliography

# JOAQUIM, Maria Salete. O papel da liderança religiosa feminina na construção da identidade negra. Pallas Editora. 2001. 187 p. . (in Portuguese) # LIMA, Vivaldo da Costa. O candomblé da Bahia na década de 30. Vol. 18, pp. 201–221. 2004. (in Portuguese) # LIMA, Vivaldo da Costa. A família de santo nos candomblés jejes-nagôs da Bahia: um estudo de relações intragrupais. Português. ed.2a. Salvador. Corrupio. 2003. 216 p. . (in Portuguese) # LIMA, Vivaldo da Costa. Lessé Orixá, nos pés do santo. Editora Corrupio. Salvador. 2010. . (in Portuguese) # MARIANO, Agnes; QUEIROZ, Aline. Obàrayi - Babalorixá Balbino Daniel de Paula. 2009. Barabô. . (in Portuguese) # OLIVEIRA, Waldir Freitas. As pesquisas na Bahia sobre os afro-brasileiros. (in Portuguese) # PIERSON, Donald. ''Negroes In Brazil: A Study of Race Contact at Bahia''. The University of Chicago Press. p. 392. 1942. # PRANDI, Reginaldo. Segredos Guardados: Orixás na Alma Brasileira. Companhia das Letras. 2005. . (in Portuguese) # ROCHA, Agenor Miranda. As Nações Kêtu: origens, ritos e crenças: os candomblés antigos do Rio de Janeiro. 2a-edição. MAUAD Editora Ltda. 2000. 112p. . (in Portuguese) # ROCHA, Agenor Miranda. Caminhos de Odu. 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro. Pallas. 1999. . (in Portuguese) # SANTANA, Marcos. Mãe Aninha de Afonjá: um mito afro-baiano. Português. ed.1a. Salvador. EGBA. 2006. 100 p. . (in Portuguese) # SANTOS, Maria Stella de Azevedo. Meu Tempo é Agora. São Paulo. Editora Oduduwa. 1993. (in Portuguese) # SANTOS, Deoscóredes Maximiliano dos. História de Um Terreiro Nagô. 2a.edição. Editora Max Limonad. 1988. (in Portuguese) {{DEFAULTSORT:Santos, Eugenia Anna 1869 births 1938 deaths People from Salvador, Bahia Brazilian Candomblés Founders of new religious movements Women founders Female religious leaders