The euglyphids are a prominent group of

filose Cercozoa (now synonymised with Filosa) is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead united by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. ...

amoeba An amoeba (; less commonly spelled ameba or amœba; : amoebas (less commonly, amebas) or amoebae (amebae) ), often called an amoeboid, is a type of Cell (biology), cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by ...

e that produce shells or

tests Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to: * Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities Arts and entertainment * ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film * ''Test'' (2014 film) ...

that in most described species is reinforced by

siliceous Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula , commonly found in nature as quartz. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant ...

scales, plates, and sometimes spines, but this reinforcement is absent in other species. These elements are created within the cell and then assembled on its surface in a more or less regular arrangement, giving the test a textured appearance. There is a single opening for the long slender

pseudopod A pseudopod or pseudopodium (: pseudopods or pseudopodia) is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consist of actin filaments and ...

s, which capture food and pull the cell across the substrate. Euglyphids are common in soils,

marsh In ecology, a marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plants rather than by woody plants.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p More in genera ...

es, and other organic-rich environments, feeding on tiny organisms such as

bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr ...

. The test is generally 30–100 μm in length, although the cell only occupies part of this space. During reproduction a second shell is formed opposite the opening, so both daughter cells remain protected. Different genera and species are distinguished primarily by the form of the test. ''

Euglypha ''Euglypha'' is a genus of cercozoa. It includes the species ''Euglypha rotunda''. References External links

* * Imbricatea Rhizaria genera {{Cercozoa-stub ...

'' and '' Trinema'' are the most common. The euglyphids are traditionally grouped with other amoebae. However, genetic studies instead place them with various amoeboid and

flagellate A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and the ...

groups, forming an assemblage called the

Cercozoa Cercozoa (now synonymised with Filosa) is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead united by phylogeny, molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or Ubiqu ...

. Their closest relatives are the thaumatomonads, flagellates that form similar siliceous tests. Photosynthetic species are found in the genera

Paulinella ''Paulinella'' is a genus of at least eleven species including both freshwater and marine amoeboids. Like many members of euglyphids it is covered by rows of siliceous scales, and use filose pseudopods to crawl over the substrate of the benthi ...

and Placocista. The photosynthetic abilities in Paulinella comes from an event when a cyanobacterium settled permanently within the cell. In Placocista, where a few species have colonies of symbiotic

Chlorella ''Chlorella'' is a genus of about thirteen species of single- celled or colonial green algae of the division Chlorophyta. The cells are spherical in shape, about 2 to 10 μm in diameter, and are without flagella. Their chloroplasts contain t ...

living inside them, the relationship is less intimate. The photosynthetic Paulinella are

phototroph Phototrophs () are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates) and acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a list of common m ...

ic, and the photosynthetic Placocista are

mixotroph A mixotroph is an organism that uses a mix of different sources of energy and carbon, instead of having a single trophic mode, on the continuum from complete autotrophy to complete heterotrophy. It is estimated that mixotrophs comprise more than ...

ic.

Morphology

Phylogeny

Phylogeny based on Chatelain et al. 2013

Taxonomy

Order Euglyphida Copeland 1956 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1997 * Genus '' Tracheleuglypha'' Deflandre 1928 * Genus '' Ampullataria'' van Oye 1956 * Genus '' Euglyphidion'' Bonnet 1960 * Genus '' Heteroglypha'' Thomas & Gauthier-Lièvre 1959 * Genus '' Matsakision'' Bonnet 1967 * Genus '' Pareuglypha'' Penard 1902 * Family Paulinellidae de Saedeleer 1934 emend. Adl et al. 2012 ** Genus '' Micropyxidiella'' Tarnawski & Lara 2015 ** Genus '' Ovulinata'' Anderson, Rogerson & Hannah 1997 'Ovulina'' Anderson, Rogerson & Hannah 1996 non Ehrenberg 1845** Genus ''

'' Lauterborn 1895 * Family

Cyphoderiidae The euglyphids are a prominent group of Filosa, filose amoebae that produce shells or Test (biology), tests that in most described species is reinforced by siliceous scales, plates, and sometimes spines, but this reinforcement is absent in other ...

de Saedeleer 1934 ** Genus '' Campascus'' Leidy 1877 ** Genus '' Corythionella'' Golemansky 1970 ** Genus '' Cyphoderia'' Schlumberger 1845 ** Genus '' Messemvriella'' Golemansky 1973 ** Genus '' Pseudocorythion'' Valkanov 1970 ** Genus '' Schaudinnula'' Awerintzew 1907 * Suborder Euglyphina Bovee 1985 emend. Kosakyan et al. 2016 ** Family Assulinidae Lara et al. 2007 *** Genus '' Assulina'' Ehrenberg 1872 *** Genus '' Placocista'' Leidy 1879 *** Genus '' Valkanovia'' Tappan 1966 'Euglyphella'' Valkanov 1962 non Warthin 1934** Family

Euglyphidae The euglyphids are a prominent group of Filosa, filose amoebae that produce shells or Test (biology), tests that in most described species is reinforced by siliceous scales, plates, and sometimes spines, but this reinforcement is absent in other ...

Wallich 1864 emend Lara et al. 2007 *** Genus ''

Euglypha ''Euglypha'' is a genus of cercozoa. It includes the species ''Euglypha rotunda''. References External links

* * Imbricatea Rhizaria genera {{Cercozoa-stub ...

'' Dujardin 1841 *** Genus '' Scutiglypha'' Foissner & Schiller 2001 ** Family Sphenoderiidae Chatelain et al. 2013 *** Genus '' Deharvengia'' Bonnet 1979 *** Genus '' Sphenoderia'' Schlumberger 1845 *** Genus '' Trachelocorythion'' Bonnet 1979 ** Family Trinematidae Hoogenraad & De Groot 1940 emend Adl et al. 2012 *** Genus '' Corythion'' Taránek 1882 *** Genus '' Neopileolus'' Ozdikmen 2009 'Pileolus'' Coûteaux & Chardez 1981*** Genus '' Playfairina'' Thomas 1961 *** Genus '' Puytoracia'' Bonnet, 1970 non Raabe 1972 *** Genus '' Trinema'' Dujardin 1841

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q148779 Imbricatea Rhizaria orders Amoeboids