Esprit Pézenas
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Esprit Pézenas (28 November 1692 – 4 February 1776) was a French Jesuit astronomer, hydrographer, and mathematician who worked at the observatory in
Marseilles Marseille (; ; see below) is a city in southern France, the prefecture of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the Provence region, it is located on the coast of the Mediterranean S ...
. Through his writings and teaching he spread ideas on astronomy, mathematics and navigation including advances in other European countries. Pézenas was born in
Avignon Avignon (, , ; or , ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the left bank of the river Rhône, the Communes of France, commune had a ...
where his father worked at the court. He studied at the Jesuit college and taught physics, logic, and metaphysics for a while in Lyons and then at Aix. In 1728 he became a professor of hydrography at Marseilles where he taught navy officers navigation and other aspects. He wrote on hydrography, the measurement of tonnage, differential calculus. In 1749 he became director of the Observatoire St-Croix in Marseilles. Tomás Cerdá worked at the Marseilles observatory under Padre Pézenas and studied mathematical techniques. Pézenas translated the work of the English chronographer
John Harrison John Harrison ( – 24 March 1776) was an English carpenter and clockmaker who invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the History of longitude, problem of how to calculate longitude while at sea. Harrison's sol ...
in 1767 for use in the accurate determination of longitudes and was involved in the computation of the longitude of Marseilles. Pézenas claimed the role of Pierre Vernier in the invention of the Vernier scale, claiming that it was undue to give credit to
Pedro Nunes Pedro Nunes (; Latin: ''Petrus Nonius''; 1502 – 11 August 1578) was a Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer, and professor, probably from a New Christian (of Jewish origin) family.Leitão, Henrique, "Para uma biografia de Pedro Nunes: O ...
or Petrus Nonius for what has been called the nonius. Pézenas is credited with the discovery of the phenomenon of
Gegenschein Gegenschein (; ; ) or counterglow is a faintly bright spot in the night sky centered at the antisolar point. The backscatter of sunlight by interplanetary dust causes this optical phenomenon, being a zodiacal light and part of its zodiacal light ...
, a faint glow in the nightsky at the point opposite to the sun in 1731 but some have suggested that it was first observed in 1854 by Theodor Johann Christian Ambders Brorsen while others have claimed that it was already known in the 6th century BC. Based on observations on sunspots, he computed the solar rotation period as 26 days and 9 hours. He retired in 1763 to Avignon where he died.


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Short biography in German
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pezenas, Esprit 1692 births 1776 deaths People from Avignon French astronomers Jesuit scientists