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Esmeralda, or ''Esmeraldeño'' (also called Takame or Atacame), is an
extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...
language isolate A language isolate is a language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with any other languages. Basque in Europe, Ainu and Burushaski in Asia, Sandawe in Africa, Haida and Zuni in North America, Kanoê in South America, and Tiwi ...
formerly spoken in the coastal region of
Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...
, specifically in the western part of
Esmeraldas Province Esmeraldas () is a northwestern coastal province of Ecuador. The capital and largest city is Esmeraldas. Esmeraldas is one of the three provinces of Ecuador that borders Colombia, and it is the most northern province in the country. The provin ...
. The only existing data for Atacame was collected by J.M. Pallares in 1877.


Classification

It has been proposed that the language is connected to the still-spoken Yaruro language of
Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...
. It also has some lexical similarities with the extinct Yurumanguí language, as well with the southern Barbacoan language Tsafiki (especially plant and animal names).


Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. :


Further reading

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References

Indigenous languages of South America Esmeralda–Yaruroan languages Languages of Ecuador Language isolates of South America Extinct languages of South America {{IndigenousAmerican-lang-stub