Ernst Eugen, Baron von Hügel (26 March 1774 – 30 March 1849) was a Württemberg General during the

Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...

and

Minister of War A ministry of defence or defense (see American and British English spelling differences#-ce.2C -se, spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and Mi ...

between 1829 and 1842.

Early life

Hügel was born on 26 March 1774 in

Ludwigsburg Ludwigsburg (; Swabian German, Swabian: ''Ludisburg'') is a Cities of Germany, city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg (district), Lu ...

. He was the son of Susanna Margaretha von Walter and Johann Andreas von Hügel (1734–1807), who had been elevated to the rank of

Baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often Hereditary title, hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than ...

in 1801. His father's surname was originally Lux, but he took von Hügel upon being adopted by Col. Johann Theobald von Hügel. Due to the inheritance of a relative who had worked for the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( ; VOC ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered company, chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States Ge ...

, the Hügel family had a considerable fortune. Through a separate branch of the family that was ennobled in 1791, he was related to diplomat Baron

Charles von Hügel Charles von Hügel (born Carl Alexander Anselm Baron von Hügel; 25 April 1795 – 2 June 1870), sometimes spelt in English Huegel, was an Austrian nobleman, army officer, diplomat, botanist, and explorer, now primarily remembered for his tr ...

, father of Friedrich von Hügel,

Anatole von Hügel Anatole von Hügel (29 September 1854, in Florence – 15 August 1928, in Cambridge) was a son of an Austrian nobleman who lived in England and was curator of the Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology, 1883 – 1921. Early life Bor ...

, and Pauline von Hügel.

Career

In 1785, Hügel joined his father's regiment in the

Württemberg Army Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart. Together with Baden and Hohenzollern, two other historical territories, Württ ...

and took part in the campaigns from 1792 to 1800. In 1806 he was promoted to Major and in 1807 within six months he rose to Deputy Quartermaster General with the rank of Colonel. In 1809, he was involved in the Battles of Abensberg, Landeshut, Eckmühl,

Aspern Aspern () is a neighbourhood in Vienna, Austria, within Donaustadt, the Districts of Vienna, 22nd district of Vienna. It has a population of 52,375 as of 2023 and covers an area of 19.89 km2. History The area is known for the Battle of Asp ...

, and

Wagram Deutsch-Wagram (literally "German Wagram", ), often shortened to Wagram, is a village in the Gänserndorf District, in the state of Lower Austria, Austria. It is in the Marchfeld Basin, close to the Vienna city limits, about 15 km (9 mi) north ...

. After these battles he was made a Major General. In the Battle of Smolensk, Hügel stormed the two suburbs of

Smolensk Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It has been a regional capital for most of ...

with the 1st Infantry Brigade from 17 to 18 August 1812. At the

Battle of Borodino The Battle of Borodino ( ) or Battle of Moscow (), in popular literature also known as the Battle of the Generals, took place on the outskirts of Moscow near the village of Borodino on 7 September 1812 during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. ...

he captured the retreating left wing. In

1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Pr ...

, Hügel was Military Commissar at

Wellington Wellington is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the third-largest city in New Zealand (second largest in the North Island ...

's headquarters. During the peace negotiations, he was appointed envoy of the

Kingdom of Württemberg The Kingdom of Württemberg ( ) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918, located within the area that is now Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Electorate of Württemberg, which existed from 1803 to 1806. Geogr ...

to the allied monarchs in Paris. In 1816, Hügel was appointed

Lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was norma ...

and, at the same time, made vice president of the War Department. In 1817, he became President of the War Council. Between 1829 and 1842, he headed the

Ministry of War of Württemberg The Ministry of War of Württemberg () was a Ministry (government department), ministry of the Kingdom of Württemberg, that existed from 1806 to 1919. It was located in Stuttgart at Olgastraße 13. History The predecessor of the Ministry of War, ...

. During this time he was also a member of the Privy Council. From 1819 until his death he was a lifelong member of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords (German: ''Württembergischen Kammer der Standesherren'').

Personal life

Hügel was married four times. His first marriage was to Caroline von Rosenberg, but they divorced in 1799 without issue. On 29 December 1802, he married Baroness Charlotte Wilhelmine Schott von Schottenstein. Before her death on 4 July 1805, they had two children: * Baron Albert von Hügel (1803–1865), German Army officer and chamberlain; he married Baroness Marie Luise Elisabeth von

Uexküll The Uexküll family (also Üxküll or Yxkull) is the name of an old and distinguished Baltic German noble family, which derived its name from the town of Uexküll, today Ikšķile in Latvia. History Uexküll was originally a Bremen noble fam ...

-Gyllenband (they divorced and she married Dr. ). * Baron Karl Eugen von Hügel (1805–1870),

Minister of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and foreign relations, relations, diplomacy, bilateralism, ...

who married Alexandra Vereshchagin. His third marriage was to Luise Ernestine von Gemmingen-Guttenberg (1782–1834) on 8 April 1806. She was a daughter of Baron Ludwig Eberhard von Gemmingen-Guttenberg and Baroness Louise Auguste von Saint-André. Before her death on 28 February 1834, they were the parents of: * Baroness Marie von Hügel (b. 1807), who married diplomat Franz von Linden, brother of Minister of State Joseph von Linden, in 1832. * Baron Ludwig von Hügel (1808–1896), Imperial and Royal Lieutenant. * Baron Julius von Hügel (1810–1884), Royal Württemberg chamberlain and

equerry An equerry (; from French language, French 'stable', and related to 'squire') is an officer of honour. Historically, it was a senior attendant with responsibilities for the horses of a person of rank. In contemporary use, it is a personal attend ...

. * Baron Philipp von Hügel (1812–1887), an Urach forester. * Baroness Luise Ernestine von Hügel (1813–1875), who married Georg von Miltitz. * Baron Ernst von Hügel (1815–1849) He married for the fourth, and final, time on 28 April 1835 to Elisabeth Sophie ( von Gemmingen-Guttenberg) von Cotta (1789–1859), widow of publisher and industrial pioneer

Johann Friedrich Cotta Johann Friedrich, Freiherr Cotta von Cottendorf (27 April 1764 – 29 December 1832) was a German publisher, industrial pioneer and politician. Ancestors Cotta is the name of a family of German publishers, intimately connected with the his ...

, and sister of his third wife Luise. Baron von Hügel died on 30 March 1849 in

Kirchheim unter Teck Kirchheim unter Teck (, ; Swabian German, Swabian: ''Kircha'') is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, in the Esslingen (district), district of Esslingen. It is located on the small river Lauter (Neckar), Lauter, a tributary of the Neckar. It i ...

Descendants

Through his son Albert, he was a grandfather of Count Paul von Hügel (1835–1897), who married Princess Amalie of Teck, a daughter of Duke Alexander of Württemberg and Countess Claudine von Hohenstein. Amalie's brother,

Francis, Duke of Teck Francis, Duke of Teck (Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander; 28 August 1837 – 21 January 1900), known as Count Francis von Hohenstein until 1863, was an Austrian-born nobleman who married into the British royal family. His wife, Princess M ...

, married into the

British royal family The British royal family comprises Charles III and other members of his family. There is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a member, although the Royal Household has issued different lists outlining who is considere ...

; his wife,

Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge (Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth; 27 November 1833 – 27 October 1897), later known as the Duchess of Teck, was a member of the British royal family. She was one of the first royals to patronise a wide ran ...

, was a first cousin of

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in January 1901. Her reign of 63 year ...

. He was the father of Queen Mary, the consort of King

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. George w ...

. Through his son Karl Eugen, he was a grandfather of Baroness Alexandrine von Hügel (1843–1903), who married Count Klemens Joseph Leopold von Beroldingen, parents of Count Alexander Klemens Karl Mauritz von Beroldingen (who married American heiress Margot Marie Stone), and (1885–1933), chairman of

VfB Stuttgart Verein für Bewegungsspiele Stuttgart 1893 e. V. (), commonly known as VfB Stuttgart (), is a German professional sports club based in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg. The club's Association football, football team is currently part of Germany's f ...

and

Eintracht Frankfurt Eintracht Frankfurt e.V. () is a German professional sports club based in Frankfurt, Hesse. It is best known for its football club, which was founded on 8 March 1899. The club currently plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German footb ...

, who married ( Kapp von Gültstein). Through his daughter Marie, he was a grandfather of Paula von Linden (1833–1920), who married Bernhard Vollrath von Bülow (chamberlain of

Mecklenburg-Schwerin The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin () was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1701, when Frederick William, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Frederick William and Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Adolphus Frederick II divided ...

and envoy to the

German Confederation The German Confederation ( ) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved ...

's ''Bundesversammlung''); parents of

Franz Joseph von Bülow Franz Vollrath Carl Wilhelm Joseph von Bülow (11 September 1861 – 18 October 1915) was a German author, soldier and homosexual activist. Life Franz Vollrath Carl Wilhelm Joseph von Bülow was born on 11 September 1861 in the Free City of F ...

(1861–1915), a prominent

homosexual Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between people of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" exc ...

activist Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make changes in society toward a perceived common good. Forms of activism range from mandate build ...

Honors

* 1809: Commander's Cross of the Württemberg Military Order of Merit * 1815: Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Merit * 1829: Grand Cross of the

Order of the Württemberg Crown Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * H ...

* 1831: Grand Cross of the

Order of the Zähringer Lion The Order of the Zähringer Lion was instituted on 26 December 1812 by Karl, Grand Duke of Baden, in memory of the Dukes of Zähringen from whom he was descended. Classes It had five classes: *Grand Cross *Commander, First Class *Commander, ...

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hugel, Ernst Von 1774 births 1849 deaths

Ernst Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst" * Anton Ernst (born ...

Members of the Privy Council of Württemberg People from the Kingdom of Württemberg Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords Major generals of Württemberg Ministers of war of Württemberg German barons German commanders of the Napoleonic Wars