Entomophthoromycota is a division of kingdom

fungi A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...

. In 2007, it was placed at the

taxonomic rank In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy. A common system consists of species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. While ol ...

subphylum In zoological nomenclature, a subphylum is a taxonomic rank below the rank of phylum. The taxonomic rank of " subdivision" in fungi and plant taxonomy is equivalent to "subphylum" in zoological taxonomy. Some plant taxonomists have also used t ...

in the most recent revision of the entire fungus kingdom. In 2012, it was raised to the rank of

phylum In biology, a phylum (; plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclatu ...

as "Entomophthoromycota" in a

scientific paper : ''For a broader class of literature, see Academic publishing.'' Scientific literature comprises scholarly publications that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences. Within an academic field, sci ...

by Richard A. Humber 2012. Divided into three classes and six families ( Ancylistaceae, Basidiobolaceae, Completoriaceae,

Entomophthoraceae Entomophthoraceae is a family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012).Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME et al (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the Entomophthorom ...

, Meristacraceae, and Neozygitaceae), it contains over 250 species that are mostly

arthropod Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arth ...

pathogens or soil- and

litter Litter consists of waste products that have been discarded incorrectly, without consent, at an unsuitable location. Litter can also be used as a verb; to litter means to drop and leave objects, often man-made, such as aluminum cans, paper cups ...

-borne

saprobes Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi (f ...

Taxonomy

Circumscribed by mycologist Richard Humber in 2012, it contains species formerly

classified Classified may refer to: General *Classified information, material that a government body deems to be sensitive *Classified advertising or "classifieds" Music *Classified (rapper) (born 1977), Canadian rapper *The Classified, a 1980s American roc ...

in the division

Zygomycota Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a former division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi. The members are now part of two phyla: the Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota. Approximately 1060 species are known. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living ...

. Humber's reorganization divides the division into three classes while retaining the previously defined

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

structure: Division Entomophthoromycota Humber 2012 ntomophthoromycotina Humber 2007:Class Basidiobolomycetes Humber 2012 olomycetes Cavalier-Smith 1998; Bolomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 2012; Basidiobolomycota Doweld 2001::Order Basidiobolales Jacz. & P.A. Jacz. 1931 ex. Caval.-Sm. :::Family Basidiobolaceae Engler & Gilg 1924 :::::'' Schizangiella'' Dwyer et al. 2006 :::::''

Basidiobolus ''Basidiobolus ranarum'' is a filamentous fungus with worldwide distribution. The fungus was first isolated by Eidam in 1886. It can saprophytically live in the intestines of mainly cold-blooded vertebrates and on decaying fruits and soil. The f ...

'' Eidam 1886 'Amphoromorpha'' Thaxter 1914">Amphoromorpha.html" ;"title="'Amphoromorpha">'Amphoromorpha'' Thaxter 1914:Class Neozygitomycetes Humber 2012 ::Order Neozygitales Humber 2012 :::Family Neozygitaceae Ben Ze’ev, Kenneth & Uziel 1987 :::::'' Apterivorax'' Keller 2005 :::::'' Neozygites'' Witlaczil 1885 'Thaxterosporium'' Ben Ze'ev & Kenneth 1987">Thaxterosporium.html" ;"title="'Thaxterosporium">'Thaxterosporium'' Ben Ze'ev & Kenneth 1987:Class Entomophthoromycetes Humber 2012 [Entomomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 1998 em. 2012] ::Order Entomophthorales Winter 1880 [Ancylistales Schröter] :::Family Ancylistaceae

Schröter 1893 Schröter or Schroeter may refer to: *Schröter (lunar crater), a crater on the Moon * Schroeter (Martian crater), a crater on Mars *Schröter (surname) See also * Schroter's Valley Schroter's Valley, frequently known by the Latinized name V ...

:::::'' Ancyclistes'' Pfitzer 1872 :::::'' Conidiobolus'' Brefeld 1884 emend. Humber 1989 'Conidiobolus'' (''Capillidium'') Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982; ''Conidiobolus'' (''Conidiobolus'') (Brefeld) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982; ''Conidiobolus'' (''Delacroixia'') (Sacc. & Syd.) Tyrrell & MacLeod 1972] :::::''Macrobiotophthora'' Reukauf 1912 emend. Tucker 1981 :::Family Completoriaceae Humber 1989 :::::''

Completoria ''Completoria'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family ''Completoriaceae'', of the order Entomophthorales. ''Completoria'' is itself monotypic, containing a single species, ''Completoria complens''. The species is rare, known only from green ...

'' Lohde 1874 :::Family

Nowakowski 1877 mpusaceaae::::Subfamily Erynioideae Keller 2005 assosporoideae Keller 2005:::::'' Erynia'' (Nowakowski ex Batko 1966) Remaud. & Hennebert 1980.emend. Humber 1989 'Zoophthora'' (''Erynia'') Nowakowski ex Batko 1966:::::''

Eryniopsis ''Eryniopsis'' is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae and order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). The genus was circumscribed by American ...

'' Humber 1984 (in part) :::::'' Furia'' (Batko 1966) Humber 2005 'Zoophthora'' (''Furia'') Batko 1966; ''Erynia'' (''Furia'') (Batko 1966) Li & Humber 1984:::::'' Orthomyces'' Steinkraus, Humber & Oliver 1988 :::::''

Pandora In Greek mythology, Pandora (Greek: , derived from , ''pān'', i.e. "all" and , ''dōron'', i.e. "gift", thus "the all-endowed", "all-gifted" or "all-giving") was the first human woman created by Hephaestus on the instructions of Zeus. As Hes ...

'' Humber 2005 'Erynia'' (''Neopandora'') Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982">Neopandora.html" ;"title="'Erynia'' (''Neopandora">'Erynia'' (''Neopandora'') Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982:::::''Strongwellsea'' Batko & Weiser 1965 emend. Humber 1976 :::::''Zoophthora'' Batko 1964 emend. Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 2005 ::::Subfamily Entomophthoroideae Keller 2005 :::::''

Batkoa ''Batkoa'' is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae and order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). The genus name of ''Batkoa'' is named by th ...

'' Humber 2005 :::::''

Entomophaga ''Entomophaga'' is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae. It was reviewed by T. Tachi and H. Shima in 2006 and was found to be paraphyletic; it was also found to form a monophyletic group with '' Proceromyia''. Species *'' E. exoleta'' ( Me ...

'' Batko 1964 emend. Humber 1989 :::::'' Entomophthora'' Fresenius 1856 'Empusa'' (''Triplosporium'') Thaxter 1888; ''Triplosporium'' (Thaxter 1888) Batko 1964] :::::''

'' Humber 1984 (in part) :::::''

Massospora ''Massospora'' is a genus of fungi in the Entomophthoraceae family, within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). It includes more than a dozen obligate ...

'' Peck 1879 emend. Soper 1974 :::Family Meristacraceae Humber 1989 ::::''

Meristacrum ''Meristacrum'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Meristacraceae, of the order Entomophthorales. They are parasites of soil invertebrates, they typically infect nematodes, and tardigrades.P. F. Cannon and P. M. Kirk (Editors) David J. ...

'' Drechsler 1940 emend. Tucker & Humber 1981 ::::'' Tabanomyces'' Couch et al. Genera that have an uncertain status or have been excluded from the Entomophthoromycota include '' Ballocephala'', ''

Tarichium ''Tarichium'' is a genus of fungi within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). History The fungus ''Tarichium'' was originally described in 1870 by Germa ...

'', and '' Zygnemomyces''.
Synonyms from "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi".

Description

Species in the Entomophthoromycota generally share several characteristics. Their

vegetative Vegetative describes vegetation. Vegetative may also refer to: *Vegetative reproduction Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in ...

cells are

coenocytic A coenocyte () is a multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis, in contrast to a syncytium, which results from cellular aggregation followed by dissolution of the cell membranes insid ...

;

sporulation In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae ...

occurs by production of forcibly discharged dispersive or infective conidia; and their zygospores (which also function as resting spores) are homothallic.

References

Fungus phyla Fungi by classification Zygomycota {{entomophthorales-stub