The Embassy of Zimbabwe in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

is the

diplomatic mission A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from a state or organization present in another state to represent the sending state or organization officially in the receiving or host state. In practice, the phrase usually denotes ...

Zimbabwe file:Zimbabwe, relief map.jpg, upright=1.22, Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Bots ...

in the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

. It is located in Zimbabwe House, a Grade II*

listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Hi ...

at 429

Strand Strand or The Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline * Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa * Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * ...

in central London. It was previously a high commission and became an embassy after Zimbabwe's departure from the

Commonwealth A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the 15th century. Originally a phrase (the common-wealth ...

on 7 December 2003 in protest of international criticism of

Robert Mugabe Robert Gabriel Mugabe (; ; 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. He served as Leader of th ...

's regime's human rights record and its policies.

History

Architecture and sculptures

The building was designed by architect

Charles Holden Charles Henry Holden (12 May 1875 – 1 May 1960) was an English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 1920s and 1930s, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's headquarters at 55 Broadwa ...

in 1907–08 as the headquarters of the

British Medical Association The British Medical Association (BMA) is a registered trade union and professional body for physician, doctors in the United Kingdom. It does not regulate or certify doctors, a responsibility which lies with the General Medical Council. The BMA ...

and featured a series of sculptures by

Jacob Epstein Sir Jacob Epstein (10 November 1880 – 21 August 1959) was an American and British sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture. He was born in the United States, and moved to Europe in 1902, becoming a British subject in 1910. Early in his ...

representing the development of science and the ''Ages of Man'', his first major commission in London. The nakedness of many of these sculptures was considered shocking by certain sections of the press, with the ''London Evening Standard'' newspaper launching an attack on the sculptures as soon as the protective hoardings were removed. The newspaper claimed, that Epstein had erected "a form of statuary which no careful father would wish his daughter, or no discriminating young man, his fiancée, to see". With the acquisition of the building by the Government of Southern Rhodesia in 1935 the battle over the statues continued as the Southern Rhodesian regime sought permission to have the sculptures removed. Despite claims that one of the heads of the sculptures fell onto a passer-by, thereby giving the Southern Rhodesians an excuse to mutilate the sculptures, there is no evidence that this is the case. Rather what seems to have happened is that a piece of one of the sculptures came away as bunting attached to them to celebrate the coronation of King George VI in 1936 was being removed. Epstein believed this was used by the Southern Rhodesians as an excuse to mutilate the statues on safety grounds. Despite protests, no independent survey was permitted and Epstein himself was refused permission to inspect the sculptures to see if they were as dangerous as claimed.

Rhodesian High Commission

As Rhodesia House it housed the High Commission of

Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia was a self-governing British Crown colony in Southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River. The region was informally known as South ...

from 1923 until

Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was a statement adopted by the Cabinet of Rhodesia on 11 November 1965, announcing that Rhodesia (previously Southern Rhodesia), a British crown colony in southern Africa that had respon ...

on 11 November 1965. Rhodesia was unique in being the only

British colony A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony governed by England, and then Great Britain or the United Kingdom within the English and later British Empire. There was usually a governor to represent the Crown, appointed by the British monarch on ...

to have a High Commission, as only

dominion A dominion was any of several largely self-governance, self-governing countries of the British Empire, once known collectively as the ''British Commonwealth of Nations''. Progressing from colonies, their degrees of self-governing colony, colon ...

s (and later, independent

members) were represented by such legations. During the period of the

Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation (CAF), was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories: the Self-governing colony, self-governing British colony of Southern ...

from 1953, Rhodesia House was home to the High Commissioner for the Federation. With the end of the Federation in 1963, Rhodesia House returned as home of the representative of Southern Rhodesia. After the UDI, Rhodesia's High Commissioner,

Brigadier Brigadier ( ) is a military rank, the seniority of which depends on the country. In some countries, it is a senior rank above colonel, equivalent to a brigadier general or commodore (rank), commodore, typically commanding a brigade of several t ...

Andrew Skeen departed on 12 November 1965 before being declared ''

persona non-grata In diplomacy, a ' (PNG) is a foreign diplomat that is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country. If the person is not recalled as requested, the host state may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the diplo ...

'' by the

British Government His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government or otherwise UK Government, is the central government, central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

and ordered to leave the country. However, because of concerns over diplomatic property under

international law International law, also known as public international law and the law of nations, is the set of Rule of law, rules, norms, Customary law, legal customs and standards that State (polity), states and other actors feel an obligation to, and generall ...

, Rhodesia House was not seized by the British Government. It simply became a Representative Office with no official diplomatic status, until the country became

in 1980.

Zimbabwe

The embassy is frequently the focus of protests against the Zimbabwean government, especially the former regime of President Robert Mugabe. The South African ''

Business Day A business day normally means any day except a legal holiday. It may also mean a business day of operation, any of the days an organization operates. It depends on the local workweek which is dictated by local customs, religions, and business ...

'' newspaper reported in 2002 that the deeds of the building had been given to the

Libya Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya border, the east, Sudan to Libya–Sudan border, the southeast, Chad to Chad–L ...

n leader

Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (20 October 2011) was a Libyan military officer, revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until Killing of Muammar Gaddafi, his assassination by Libyan Anti-Gaddafi ...

as surety for oil supplied to Zimbabwe by the Libyan state oil company

Tamoil Tamoil is the trading name of the Oilinvest Group, a fuel energy provider within the European downstream oil and gas sector. The Oilinvest Group refines crude oil and markets refined oil products primarily under the Tamoil and the HEM brands i ...

.The Zimbabwe Situation
17 August 2002.

Notes

References

External links

BBC On This Day
—
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
** **
Londonist.com

Image of building

Image of mutilated sculptures
{{Diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom

Charles Holden buildings Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster United Kingdom–Zimbabwe relations Rhodesia–United Kingdom relations Zimbabwe and the Commonwealth of Nations Covent Garden