Elisabeth of Bavaria (Elisabeth Gabriele Valérie Marie; 25 July 187623 November 1965) was
Queen of the Belgians from 23 December 1909 to 17 February 1934 as the wife of King
Albert I Albert I may refer to:
People Born before 1300
* Albert I, Count of Vermandois (917–987)
* Albert I, Count of Namur ()
* Albert I of Moha
*Albert I of Brandenburg (), first margrave of Brandenburg
* Albert I, Margrave of Meissen (1158–1195)
*Al ...
, and a duchess in Bavaria by birth. She was the mother of King
Leopold III of Belgium
Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the Battle of Belgi ...
and of Queen
Marie-José of Italy, and grandmother of kings
Baudouin
Baudouin () is a French masculine given name and surname, related to Baldwin.
Notable people with the name include:
Given name
* Baudouin of Belgium (1930–1993), King of the Belgians from 1951–1993
* Prince Baudouin of Belgium (1869–1891), ...
and
Albert II of Belgium
Albert II (born 6 June 1934) is a member of the Belgian royal family who reigned as King of the Belgians from 9 August 1993 until his abdication on 21 July 2013.
Albert II is the son of King Leopold III and the last living child of Queen As ...
, and Grand Duchess
Joséphine-Charlotte of Luxembourg.
Family
She was born in
Possenhofen Castle
Possenhofen Castle () is a condominium complex and former palace located in Possenhofen on the western shore of Lake Starnberg in Bavaria, Germany. It is best known as being the childhood summer residence of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.
History ...
, her father was
Duke Karl Theodor in Bavaria, head of a
cadet branch
A cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch's or patriarch's younger sons ( cadets). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets (realm, titles, fiefs, property and incom ...
of the Bavarian royal family, and an
ophthalmologist
Ophthalmology (, ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of eye diseases and disorders.
An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Following a ...
. She was named after her paternal aunt,
Empress Elisabeth of Austria
Elisabeth (born Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria; 24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898), nicknamed Sisi or Sissi, was Empress of Austria and List of Hungarian consorts, Queen of Hungary from her marriage to Franz Joseph I of Austri ...
, better known as Sisi. Her mother was
Infanta Maria José of Portugal, daughter of exiled
Miguel I of Portugal
'' Dom'' Miguel I (26 October 1802 – 14 November 1866), known by several nicknames, was the King of Portugal between 1828 and 1834. He was son of King John VI and Queen Carlota Joaquina.
Following his exile as a result of his actions ...
.
Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Charlotte (''Charlotte Adelgonde Elisabeth Marie Wilhelmine''; 23 January 1896 – 9 July 1985) was Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 14 January 1919 until her abdication on 12 November 1964. Her reign is the longest of any Luxembourgish monarc ...
,
Empress Zita, the last Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary, and
Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma
Prince Félix of Bourbon-Parma (later Prince Félix of Luxembourg; 28 September 1893 – 8 April 1970) was the husband of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and the father of her six children, including her successor Jean, Grand Duke of ...
, husband of Grand Duchess Charlotte and brother of Empress Zita, were among Elisabeth's first cousins.
An artist himself, Duke Karl-Theodor cultivated the artistic tastes of his family and Elisabeth was raised with a deep love for painting, music and sculpture. At her father's clinic, where her mother assisted him as a nurse, Elisabeth obtained exposure to productive labor and to human suffering, unusual for a princess of that time.
Married life and queenship
In
Munich
Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...
on 2 October 1900, Duchess Elisabeth married
Prince Albert I
Albert I (Albert Honoré Charles Grimaldi; 13 November 1848 – 26 June 1922) was Prince of Monaco from 10 September 1889 until his death in 1922. He devoted much of his life to oceanography, exploration and science. Alongside his expeditions, ...
, second-in-line to the throne of Belgium (after his father
Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders
Prince Philippe of Belgium, Count of Flanders (; 24 March 1837 – 17 November 1905), was the third born and second surviving son of King Leopold I of Belgium and Louise d'Orléans. He was the brother of Leopold II of Belgium and Empress Carlo ...
). Upon her husband's accession to the Belgian throne in 1909, Elisabeth became queen. The Congolese city of Élisabethville, today
Lubumbashi
Lubumbashi ( , ; former ; former ) is the second-largest Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the country's southeasternmost part, along the border with Zambia. The capital ...
, was named in her honor.
They first met in 1897 at the funeral of Elisabeth's aunt
Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria
Duchess Sophie Charlotte Auguste in Bavaria (22 February 1847 – 4 May 1897) was a granddaughter-in-law of King Louis Philippe of France, the youngest sister of Empress Elisabeth of Austria and fiancée of King Ludwig II of Bavaria.
L ...
, who was also the mother-in-law of Albert's sister
Henriette. Albert had been born the second son of
Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders
Prince Philippe of Belgium, Count of Flanders (; 24 March 1837 – 17 November 1905), was the third born and second surviving son of King Leopold I of Belgium and Louise d'Orléans. He was the brother of Leopold II of Belgium and Empress Carlo ...
and
Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Princess Marie Luise Alexandra Karoline of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (17 November 1845 – 26 November 1912), later Countess of Flanders, was a princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, later simply of Hohenzollern. She married Prince Philippe, Count ...
, and at birth was third in line of succession to the throne of his paternal uncle, King
Leopold II of the Belgians
Leopold II (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909) was the second king of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909, and the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908.
Born in Brussels as the second but eldest-surviving son of King Le ...
, behind Albert's father and elder brother,
Prince Baudouin. Baudouin's unexpected death in January 1891 immediately raised Albert to prominence within his country, and by the time he met Elisabeth he was the only living male member of his generation and (save the remote possibility of his uncle becoming widowed, remarrying, and fathering a legitimate child) was guaranteed the Crown of the Belgians upon Leopold's death.
Albert had two sisters who survived into adulthood,
Princess Henriette who married
Prince Emmanuel of Orléans, and
Princess Joséphine Caroline who married her cousin,
Prince Karl-Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, brother of King
Ferdinand I of Romania
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed ''Întregitorul'' ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 10 October 1914 until his death in 1927. Ferdinand was the second son of Leopold, Prince of Hoh ...
.
In December 1909, Albert and Elisabeth became King and Queen of the Belgians, following the death of Albert's uncle, King Leopold II. The new Queen took on a much more public role than her predecessors, getting involved with many charities and organizations, particularly those in the arts and social welfare. She often surrounded herself with famous authors and artists, as well as leading scientists of the day. Her friendly nature, and true care and concern for others, quickly endeared her to the people of Belgium.
When war broke out in 1914 Queen Elisabeth worked with the nurses on the front and helped establish the Symphony Orchestra of the field army. By the end of 1914, she gave Belgian
King's Messenger
The Corps of King's Messengers (or Corps of Queen's Messengers during the reign of a female monarch) are couriers employed by the British Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). They hand-carry secret and important documents to B ...
Archibald A. Gordon alias Major Gordon the task to participate in the establishment of the Hospital L'Océan in La Panne. The Queen traveled frequently to the United Kingdom, under the pretext of visiting her children who were studying there. She was often bringing important messages and information to the British government from her husband and his forces. Following the war, the family made a triumphant return to Brussels and set about to rebuild the nation.
During the
First World War
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, she and the King resided in
De Panne
De Panne (; ) is a town and a municipality located on the North Sea coast of the Belgian province of West Flanders. There it borders France, making it the westernmost town in Belgium. It is one of the most popular resort town destinations within ...
. The Queen made herself beloved by visiting the front lines and by sponsoring a nursing unit. Despite her German background, she was a popular queen, perceived as eagerly supporting her adoptive country.

From 23 September to 13 November 1919, the Queen, together with the King and
Prince Leopold, undertook an official visit to the United States of America. During a journey in the historic
pueblo
Pueblo refers to the settlements of the Pueblo peoples, Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, currently in New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. The permanent communities, including some of the oldest continually occupied settlement ...
of
Isleta
Pueblo of Isleta ( , ; ) is an unincorporated community and Tanoan pueblo in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States, originally established in the . The Southern Tiwa name of the pueblo is (Shee-eh-whíb-bak) meaning "a knife laid o ...
in New Mexico, the King awarded the
Order of Leopold Order of Leopold may refer to:
* Order of Leopold (Austria), founded in 1808 by emperor Francis I of Austria and discontinued in 1918
* Order of Leopold (Belgium), founded in 1832 by king Leopold I of Belgium
* Order of Leopold II, founded in Congo ...
to
Father Anton Docher. As a memento, the King was given a turquoise cross mounted in silver made by the
Tiwa people
The Tiwa people (Also known as Lalung) is a Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Northeast Indian states of Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland, and some parts of neighbouring Bangladesh and Myanmar.
A s ...
. Ten thousand people traveled to Isleta for the occasion.
Later years
On 17 February 1934, Albert I died in a mountain climbing accident in the
Ardennes
The Ardennes ( ; ; ; ; ), also known as the Ardennes Forest or Forest of Ardennes, is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, extending into Germany and France.
Geological ...
of Belgium, near
Namur
Namur (; ; ) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium. It is the capital both of the province of Namur and of Wallonia, hosting the Parliament of Wallonia, the Government of Wallonia and its administration.
Namur stands at the confl ...
. He was succeeded by their elder son,
King Leopold III
Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the German invasio ...
. Elisabeth withdrew from public life, so as not to hinder the efforts of her daughter-in-law, now
Queen Astrid. However, in August 1935, Queen Astrid was killed in a car crash in
Küssnacht am Rigi,
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...
. Queen Elisabeth returned to public life, doing her best to support her son and his family, and resuming her position as first lady of the land.
Elisabeth lived to see her son become king (but also go into exile and abdicate), her younger son become, effectively,
regent
In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...
of the realm, and her grandson mount the throne.As
queen dowager
A queen dowager or dowager queen (compare: princess dowager or dowager princess) is a title or status generally held by the widow of a king. In the case of the widow of an emperor, the title of empress dowager is used. Its full meaning is cle ...
, she became a patron of the arts and was known for her friendship with such notable scientists as
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 187918 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence f ...
.
During the
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany, the country of the Germans and German things
**Germania (Roman era)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
occupation of Belgium from 1940 to 1944, she used her influence as queen and her German connections to assist in the rescue of hundreds of
Jew
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly inte ...
ish children from deportation by the Nazis. When Brussels was liberated, she allowed her palace to be used for the headquarters of the British
XXX Corps, and presented its commander
General Horrocks with its
mascot
A mascot is any human, animal, or object thought to bring luck, or anything used to represent a group with a common public identity, such as a school, sports team, university society, society, military unit, or brand, brand name. Mascots are als ...
, a young
wild boar
The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The speci ...
named 'Chewing Gum'. After the war she was awarded the title
Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations ( ) is a title used by Yad Vashem to describe people who, for various reasons, made an effort to assist victims, mostly Jews, who were being persecuted and exterminated by Nazi Germany, Fascist Romania, Fascist Italy, ...
by the
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
i government.
During the 1950s, the Queen evoked controversy abroad by visiting the
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
,
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
and
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
, trips that prompted some to label her as the "Red Queen". She became the first royal to pay a royal visit to Israel in 1959.
Death
Queen Elisabeth died in
Brussels
Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...
at the age of 89 on 23 November 1965 from a heart attack. She is interred in the royal vault at the
Church of Our Lady of Laeken
The Church of Our Lady of Laeken (; ) is a Catholic parish church in the Brussels district of Laeken, Belgium. Built in neo-Gothic style, it was originally erected in memoriam of Queen Louise-Marie, wife of King Leopold I, to the design of th ...
, Brussels. She was the 1,016th
Dame
''Dame'' is a traditionally British honorific title given to women who have been admitted to certain orders of chivalry. It is the female equivalent of ''Sir'', the title used by knights. Baronet, Baronetesses Suo jure, in their own right also u ...
of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa.
Legacy
The city of
Lubumbashi
Lubumbashi ( , ; former ; former ) is the second-largest Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the country's southeasternmost part, along the border with Zambia. The capital ...
in
Congo (Kinshasa) was formerly known as "Élisabethville", and it was named in her honor when it was founded in 1910 in what was then the
Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo (, ; ) was a Belgian colonial empire, Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence in 1960 and became the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville). The former colony adopted its present name, the Democratic Repu ...
. It adopted its current name in 1966 when, after
six years of wrangling following independence,
Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa za Banga ( ; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997), often shortened to Mobutu Sese Seko or Mobutu and also known by his initials MSS, was a Congolese politician and military officer ...
ordered Belgian place names in Congo changed.
The
Queen Elisabeth Competition
The Queen Elisabeth Competition (, ) is an international competition for career-starting musicians held in City of Brussels, Brussels. The competition is named after Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium, Queen Elisabeth of Belgium (1876–1 ...
, a longstanding international competition for career-starting classical musicians regularly held in Brussels, is named after her.
Belgian Egyptologist
Jean Capart
Jean Capart (February 21, 1877 – June 16, 1947) was a Belgium, Belgian Egyptologist, who is often considered the "Father of Belgian Egyptology".
Biography
Capart was born to Alphonse Capart, an Otorhinolaryngology, otolaryngologist, and Alid ...
created the Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth in honor of her visit to
Tutankhamun's tomb
The tomb of Tutankhamun (reigned ), a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt, is located in the Valley of the Kings. The tomb, also known by its tomb number KV62, consists of four chambers and an entrance staircase and corridor. It ...
on 18 February 1923. The association is now called Association Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth.
Children
* King
Leopold III of Belgium
Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the Battle of Belgi ...
, born 3 November 1901, and died at
Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
Woluwe-Saint-Lambert ( French, ) or Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe ( Dutch, ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch). In French, ...
on 25 September 1983.
*
Prince Charles, Count of Flanders
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...
, born Brussels 10 October 1903, and died at
Ostend
Ostend ( ; ; ; ) is a coastal city and municipality in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke, Raversijde, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the la ...
on 1 June 1983.
*
Marie-José, Queen of Italy, born
Ostend
Ostend ( ; ; ; ) is a coastal city and municipality in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke, Raversijde, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the la ...
4 August 1906, and died in
Thonex,
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...
, on 27 January 2001.
Honours
National
*
Bavarian Royal Family: Dame of the Royal
Order of Saint Elizabeth
The Order of Saint Elizabeth was an chivalric and charitable order for women in the Electoral Palatinate and the Kingdom of Bavaria.
History
The Order of Saint Elizabeth was founded by Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach, the first ...
, 1st Class
* : Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of Leopold I
Foreign
*
Austrian Imperial and Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Imperial Austrian
Order of Elisabeth, ''1910''
* : Grand Cross of the
Order of the Legion of Honour, ''14 November 1918''
* : Dame Grand Cordon of the
Order of the Precious Crown
The is a Japanese order, established on January 4, 1888 by Emperor Meiji of Japan. Since the Order of the Rising Sun at that time was an Order for men, it was established as an Order for women. Originally the order had five classes, but on Apr ...
* : Dame of the
Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (, ; ) is a chivalric order shared by the two branches of the House of Nassau (the Ottonian and Walramian lines).
In the context of the elder ''Walramian line'', this order is the highest Luxemb ...
* :
** Dame Grand Cross of the
Order of the Lion of the Netherlands
**
Queen Juliana Inauguration Medal
* :
** Grand Cross of the
Order of the White Eagle
**
Cross of Valour Medal, ''1922''
*
Spanish Royal Family
The Spanish royal family constitutes the Spanish branch of the House of Bourbon (), also known as the House of Bourbon-Anjou (). The royal family is headed by King Felipe VI and currently consists of the King; Queen Letizia; their children, Leono ...
: Dame of the
Order of Queen Maria Luisa
The Royal Order of Noble Ladies of Queen Maria Luisa is an Order created by King Charles IV of Spain by royal decree on April 21, 1792, at the request of his wife, Queen Maria Luisa, to reward noble women who distinguished themselves for their ...
, ''24 June 1910''
* : Member of the
Decoration of the Royal Red Cross
*
Holy See
The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...
: Dame of the
Decoration of Honour
; Awards
*
International Red Cross and Red Crescent: Recipient of the
Florence Nightingale Medal
The Florence Nightingale Medal is an international award presented to those distinguished in nursing and named after British nurse Florence Nightingale. The medal was established in 1912 by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), f ...
*
Yad Vashem
Yad Vashem (; ) is Israel's official memorial institution to the victims of Holocaust, the Holocaust known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (). It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; echoing the stories of the ...
Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations ( ) is a title used by Yad Vashem to describe people who, for various reasons, made an effort to assist victims, mostly Jews, who were being persecuted and exterminated by Nazi Germany, Fascist Romania, Fascist Italy, ...
Arms
File:Alliance Coat of Arms of King Albert I and Queen Elisabeth.svg, Alliance Coat of Arms of King Albert I
and Queen Elisabeth
File:Royal Monogram of Queen Elisabeth of Belgium.svg, Royal Monogram of Queen Elisabeth
of Belgium
Ancestry
See also
*
Queen Elisabeth Competition
The Queen Elisabeth Competition (, ) is an international competition for career-starting musicians held in City of Brussels, Brussels. The competition is named after Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium, Queen Elisabeth of Belgium (1876–1 ...
*
Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation
The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the F ...
*
Mount Queen Elizabeth
Mount Queen Elizabeth is located on the border of Alberta and British Columbia, directly east of Mount King Albert. It was named in 1916 by interprovincial boundary surveyors after Queen Elisabeth of Belgium. Note that Elisabeth is the correct ...
References
Citations
Bibliography
*
*
External links
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elisabeth Of Bavaria
1876 births
1965 deaths
House of Wittelsbach
Princesses in the German Empire
Duchesses in Germany
Duchesses in Bavaria
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Belgium)
Queens consort of Belgium
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown
Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
Members of the Royal Red Cross
People from Starnberg (district)
German Roman Catholics
Belgian Roman Catholics
Belgian Righteous Among the Nations
Catholic Righteous Among the Nations
Burials at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken
Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
Belgian queen mothers