Economic integration Economic integration is the unification of economic policies between different states, through the partial or full abolition of tariff and Non-tariff barriers to trade, non-tariff restrictions on trade. The trade-stimulation effects intended by ...

involves at least two countries to abolish customs tariffs on inner border between the states. This causes a number of effects, while the phenomenon itself has specific

properties Property is the ownership of land, resources, improvements or other tangible objects, or intellectual property. Property may also refer to: Philosophy and science * Property (philosophy), in philosophy and logic, an abstraction characterizing an ...

for its successful development.

Reallocation of labor and capital

Economic integration leads to Pareto-reallocation of the factors (labor and capital) which move towards their better exploitation. Labor moves to area of higher wages, while capital - to area with higher returns. It was foundRavshanbek Dalimov, The heat equation and the dynamics of labor and capital migration prior and after economic integration, African Journal of Marketing Management vol. 1 (1), pp. 023–031, April 2009/ that the pair of the value added of sectors and labor disperse within a region in the same way as heat or gas in a space. Domestic saving rates in the member states of economically integrated region strive to the one and same magnitude, described by the coherence policy of economic blocks. At the same time, practical observation shows that this phenomenon is taking place before formal creation of economic unions. Formulation of economic integration theory has been initiated by Jacob Viner who described trade creation and

trade diversion Trade diversion is an economic term related to international economics in which trade is diverted from a more efficient exporter towards a less efficient one by the formation of a free trade agreement or a customs union. Total cost of good beco ...

effects caused by economic integration. They actually mean a change in direction of interregional trade flows respectively caused by the change of tariffs within and outside economic union. The dynamics of trade creation and diversion effects was mathematically described by R.T.Dalimov. The finding shows that trade flow (an output moving from region to region) may be described by Navier-Stoxes equation, with the goods flow caused by the price difference - quite similar to gas or liquid moving under pressure difference.

Economic growth and productivity

Economic integration of states leads to the creation of the

terms of trade The terms of trade (TOT) is the relative price of exports in terms of imports and is defined as the ratio of export prices to import prices. It can be interpreted as the amount of import goods an economy can purchase per unit of export goods. An ...

. Economic union of states obtains more privileged position in trade negotiations. Economic integration benefits (growth of economy, specifically the GDP; raise of productivity) depend on the level of development as well as a scale of unifying states. For instance, if there are two states being economically integrated, then the larger the size of the economy is, the less it benefits from integration and vice versa (observed empirically). The same principle is observed regarding the level of development of integrating states, although it is not as clear as the firstly mentioned principle. Productivity in the unified area is increased. Remarkably, it is increased more in less developed states, and vice versa (Dalimov, 2008), i.e. according to the principle observed in practice.

Common markets

Among the main benefits for the countries which decided to be unified is a free access to markets of the other member states. Since the stage of the common market, or since supranational bodies of the union are created, specific regional funds are created to reallocate revenues from more developed states to less developed ones. This way development of the member states is equalized, with less developed ones developing faster, leading to an increase of their earnings per capita and thus purchasing more from more developed partner states. A 2005 article by Harald Badinger estimated that the GDP per capita of the European Union would have been approximately 20% lower if no integration had taken place since 1950.

Peace

Economic integration is thought to be helpful for the avoidance of war. The European Union is often cited as an example of this, as the economic integration of western and central Europe coincided with a period of peace and a reduction in ethno-nationalist sentiment.

References

* Jovanovich, М. International Economic Integration. Limits and Prospects. Second edition, 1998, Routledge. {{DEFAULTSORT:Economic Integration Effects Economic integration