Eduard Rosé (born Eduard Rosenblum (29 March 1859 – 24 January 1943) was a German

cellist The violoncello ( , ), commonly abbreviated as cello ( ), is a middle pitched bowed (sometimes pizzicato, plucked and occasionally col legno, hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually intonation (music), tuned i ...

and concert master.

Life

Born in

Iași Iași ( , , ; also known by other #Etymology and names, alternative names), also referred to mostly historically as Jassy ( , ), is the Cities in Romania, third largest city in Romania and the seat of Iași County. Located in the historical ...

(Romania), Born "Rosenblum", Rosé received his artistic education at the conservatory of the

Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde The (), also known as the (German for 'Viennese Music Association'), is an Austrian music organization that was founded in 1812 by Beethoven’s friend Joseph Sonnleithner, general secretary of the Court Theatre in Vienna, Austria. Overview ...

from 1876 to 1879, where Karl Udel and Reinhold Hummer taught him cello playing. One of his fellow students was

Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic music, Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and ...

. Rosenblum made his debut as a concert musician in the Austrian capital on 11 July 1878. In 1882 he formed the

Rosé Quartet The Rosé Quartet was a string quartet formed by Arnold Rosé in 1882. It was active for 55 years, until 1938. Members Its members changed over time. Rosé was first violin throughout. Julius Egghard Jr. played the second violin at first; ...

with Arnold Josef Rosé, one of his three brothers, and two other musicians and from then on called himself Eduard Rosé. After only one year he concentrated on his solo career. Rosé worked as a cellist at the Royal Opera of Budapest, the Boston Symphony Orchestra (1898), the Berlin Philharmonic and finally (since September 1900) the Weimar State Orchestra. At the Deutsches Nationaltheater und Staatskapelle Weimar there, Rosé was appointed First Cellist and held this position until his retirement in 1926. At Weimar's conservatory, Rosé also gave cello and piano lessons to students. Although he converted to Protestantism in 1891, Rosé was still considered a Jew from 1933 onwards by the National Socialists, who had just come to power, and imposed appropriate restrictions. After his wife Emma Marie Eleanor Rosé-Mahler (1875–1933), Gustav Mahler's youngest sister, died in the year of the

Machtergreifung The rise to power of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, began in the newly established Weimar Republic in September 1919, when Hitler joined the '' Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' (DAP; German Workers' Party). He quickly rose t ...

, Rosé was defenceless against the harassment and repressions of the Nazis. In 1941, the old man was taken away by the

Gestapo The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of F ...

for a harsh interrogation, because he had refused to wear the Judenstern in public, which has been obligatory for Jews since that year, and had not signed a letter with the second name "Israel", which has been obligatory for Jews since 1938. After that, the once celebrated cellist had to move to the so-called ghetto house reserved for Jews in Weimar's Belvederer Allee 6. Both he and his niece,

Alma Rosé Alma Maria Rosé (3 November 1906 – 4/5 April 1944) was an Austrian and Jewish violinist. Her uncle was the composer Gustav Mahler. She was deported by the Nazis to the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau. There, for 10 months, she directed ...

, were eventually deported. On 20 September 1942, Rosé was deported from there to the

Theresienstadt Ghetto Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( German-occupied Czechoslovakia). Theresienstadt served as a waystation to the extermination c ...

, where he enjoyed a special position as a "celebrity prisoner" (like Mahler's brother-in-law, a preferred composer of Adolf Hitler). The musician emeritus died there in the early hours of 24 January 1943 at the age of 83, the official cause of death being "enteritis intestinal catarrh". His two sons Wolfgang and Ernst managed to escape to the United States in 1939 and 1941 For him and his sons, three

Stolpersteine A (; plural ) is a concrete cube bearing a brass plate inscribed with the name and life dates of victims of Nazi extermination or persecution. Literal translation, Literally, it means 'stumbling stone' and metaphorically 'stumbling block'. ...

were affixed in Weimar.

Literature

* Bernhard Post: Eduard Rosé. ''Ein Musikerschicksal im Spannungsfeld zwischen europäischer Kultur und deutscher Provinz''. in ''Mainzer Zeitschrift, Mittelrheinisches Jahrbuch für Archäologie, Kunst und Geschichte'', Jg. 96/97, 2001/2002, . *

Kay Weniger Kay Weniger (born 1956) is an Austrian writer of books on media issues. He published an eight-volume encyclopaedia on international film people. Biography Weniger is the son of the German stage and film actress and the Austrian stage actor ...

: ''Zwischen Bühne und Baracke. Lexikon der verfolgten Theater-, Film- und Musikkünstler 1933 bis 1945''.''Zwischen Bühne und Baracke. Lexikon der verfolgten Theater-, Film- und Musikkünstler 1933 bis 1945''
on WorldCat With a foreword by Paul Spiegel. Metropol, Berlin 2008, , .

References

External links

*
Eduard Rosé
on lexm.uni-hamburg.de
Eduard Rosé
in Österreichischen Biographischen Lexikon
Eduard Rosé
on holocaust.cz {{DEFAULTSORT:Rose, Eduard 1859 births 1943 deaths Musicians from Iași Romanian Jews Jews from Western Moldavia Romanian emigrants to Germany German classical cellists German people who died in the Theresienstadt Ghetto